Zbornik radova Koridor 10 - Kirilo SaviÄ

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3rd International Scientific and Professional Conference CORRIDOR 10 - a sustainable way of integrations With more than 52 million Calypso cards and 260.000 readers at the beginning of 2010, Calypso is the largest microprocessor based smart card technology ticketing system. The number of Calypso users is constantly increasing all over the world. Calypso is currently presented in Belgium, Canada, China, France, Israel, Italy, Portugal, United Kingdom, etc. FELICA [6] is a contactless smart card by Sony, which was originally intended to pay fares for public transport in Hong Kong. Due to its functionality and ease of use is now being extended for payment of products in all kinds of shops and vending machines. There was an attempt to specify FeliCa as "ISO 14443 Type C", but this initiative did not end up in the final standard. FELICA is “the facto” standard in Japan and it is used in many industry areas. FeliCa is used in transportation tickets for railways and buses in Japan and many other countries in Asia [6]. MIFARE [7] is a registered trademark of NXP semiconductors for a series of chips in contactless smart cards. It is the most widely used technology in the world (according to some estimates MIFARE cards account for 80% of the market of public transport - more than one billion cards issued since 1994). MIFARE covers different kinds of contactless cards whereby in public transportation are mostly used MIFARE Classic (memory card), MIFARE Plus (security upgrade to MIFARE Classic), MIFARE Ultralight (inexpensive memory card) and MIFARE DESFire (microprocessor smart card). MIFARE technology is used in many industry areas while in public transportation this technology is applied in more than 650 cities all over the world. Currently more than 50 countries adopted MIFARE technology. MIFARE technology is also the only technology used in the electronic ticketing systems in Slovenian public transport. 3. NEW TECHNOLOGIES IN PUBLIC TRANSPORT Throughout the world, public transportation is "smart," and getting smarter. Transit authorities want to go away from proprietary-based systems and into new, open standards and open fare payment technologies. By using open standards, transit authorities can procure fare collection equipment from multiple vendors and rely on it to work together seamlessly. Open payment systems allow use of smart cards and similar devices that passengers already have, rather than requiring them to use a card dedicated to a specific transit authority. In an open payment system, riders can use the existing contactless credit and debit cards (like MasterCard PayPass and Visa PayWave) to pay their fare directly, by tapping the card on a fare-gate or bus fare-box. Other contactless smart cards, such as university, government, and corporate IDs, and mobile phones (NFC), can also be used in open payment systems, as well, allowing transit users to pay their fare using cards and devices they already dispose of. NFC and contactless payment cards are already available and very promising for use with transport applications. Near Field Communication (NFC) [8] is a standards-based, short-range wireless connectivity technology that enables simple and intuitive two-way interactions between electronic devices. With NFC technology, consumers can perform contactless transactions, access digital content and connect NFC-enabled devices with a single touch. NFC simplifies setup of some longer-range wireless technologies, such as Bluetooth and Wi-Fi. It is also compliant with the global contactless standards (ISO 14443 and/or ISO 18092), which means transport agencies that have already deployed contactless programs enjoy a built-in advantage, as their equipment may readily interact with NFCenabled mobile devices and provide richer services. The NFC Forum has identified three basic use cases for NFC: connection, access, and transactions. All three have application in public transport. For example, an NFC-enabled phone can connect with an NFC-enabled kiosk to download a ticket, or the ticket can be sent directly to an NFC-enabled phone over the air (OTA). The phone can then tap a reader to redeem that ticket and gain access. Belgrade, 2012 175
3rd International Scientific and Professional Conference CORRIDOR 10 - a sustainable way of integrations Figure 1: Public transport ticketing with NFC phones [8] There are three options for storing the ticket securely on the phone, each of which may have a different provider: A handset manufacturer can provide NFC-enabled phones with embedded secure elements SIM manufacturers can provide the SIM cards, via the mobile network operators, needed to store ticket applications Secure Digital card manufacturers can offer SD cards, when the ticket is stored in a pop-out card There are many players who need to be involved in developing an NFC transport system. In most cases, the requirements will be driven by the transport operator, who will be looking to integrate NFC applications into an existing structure for travel and customer service, ticketing, access control, and payment. This may or may not already include contactless acceptance capability. Contactless payment cards are very suitable to be used in public transport, too. The transit and bank card payment industries have historically taken different approaches to processing payments and managing risk. However, as bank card issuers offer contactless credit, debit and prepaid cards and institute new programs for low-value transactions, transit agencies can take advantage of these programs to directly accept contactless bank cards for fare payment at the point of entry where the fare media is ordinarily presented. This can yield significant benefits for transit fare collection vs. other non-cash approaches. MasterCard PayPass [9] and Visa PayWave [10] use contactless technology based on ISO 14443 and are designed for low-value payments well suited for use in trafficked areas (café, kiosks, vending machines and transport). There are many pilot projects where payment card is used as fare media (ticketing application added on payment card) or as payment method (single journey payment) for public transport. There are also live mass roll out project (Slovakia, Turkey, London…) where public transport operators and financial institutions find the suitable business model for all parties involved. The new technology are developing very quickly and in the near future the NFC technology will be integrated in almost all mobile phones and we will have contactless payments cards in the pocket (or even on mobile phones), so the technology will not be a problem. The challenge is to develop right business model and agreements between public transport operators, public transport authorities, financial institutions, telecommunication operators, etc. They all need to work together to ensure that any ticket can be bought with payment card or NFC mobile phone and also stored within this media and used in every public transport anywhere. Belgrade, 2012 176
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Zbornik radova Koridor 10 - Kirilo SaviÄ

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Zbornik radova Koridor 10 - Kirilo SaviÄ