Zbornik radova Koridor 10 - Kirilo SaviÄ

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3rd International Scientific and Professional Conference CORRIDOR 10 - a sustainable way of integrations DISMANTLING OF VESSELS AS A SUSTAINABLE PROCESS Vladanka Presburger Ulniković, Faculty of Ecology and Environmental Protection, University "Union - Nikola Tesla", Belgrade, Serbia Abstract: The Danube as the largest and most important waterway in Serbia, also represents the waterway corridor VII, which is the only waterway from the ten pan-European corridors. Bearing in mind the international importance of the European waterway, modernization and renewal of vessels navigating the Danube are necessary. This necessarily entails dismantling a number of vessels. Dismantling of vessels considered as a sustainable process can be a significant source of recyclable waste, as a base for the renewal material resources. This is very important for a developing country such as Serbia, from economic aspects, particularly from the aspect of environmental protection. The benefits of dismantling of vessels are numerous: with very small investment it brings a monetary profit from recycling material and employment of local population as an additional benefit, while from the standpoint of environmental protection it contributes to the renewal of material resources and prevents environmental pollution, especially territorial waters, which further contributes to protection of human health and flora and fauna. Furthermore, the process of dismantling of vessels must be approached as a sustainable process in compliance with local legal regulations, and also with European Union laws. Key words: dismantling, vessel, sustainable process, corridor VII, recycling, waste, environmental protection Demontaža plovnih objekata kao održiv proces Apstrakt Dunav kao najveći i najznačajniji plovni put u Srbiji, ujedno predstavlja i plovni koridor VII, koji je jedini plovni put od svih deset panevropskih koridora. Imajući u vidu međunarodni značaj ovog evropskog plovnog puta, neophodna je modernizacija i obnavljanje plovnih objekata koji plove Dunavom. To neminovno za sobom povlači demontažu većeg broja plovnih objekata. Demontaža plovnih objekata posmatrana kao održiv proces, može da predstavlja bitan izvor reciklabilnog otpada, kao baze za obnovu materijalnih resursa. Ovo je jako značajno za zemlju u razvoju kakva je Srbija, sa ekonomskog aspekta i naročito sa aspekta zaštite životne sredine. Koristi od demontaže plovnih objekata su višestruke: donosi novčanu dobit od materijalne reciklaže, uz veoma male investicije i zapošljavanje lokalnog stanovništva kao dodatnu korist, dok sa stanovišta zaštite životne sredine doprinosi obnovi materijalnih resursa i sprečava zagađenje životne sredine, pre svega akvatorije, čime dalje doprinosi zaštiti zdravlja ljudi i biljnog i životinjskog sveta. Sem toga, procesu demontaže plovnih objekata neophodno je pristupiti kao održivom procesu i u smislu poštovanja, kako domaće zakonske regulative, tako i zakona Evropske unije. Ključne reči: demontaža, plovni objekat, održiv proces, koridor VII, reciklaža, otpad, zaštita životne sredine Belgrade, 2012 281
3rd International Scientific and Professional Conference CORRIDOR 10 - a sustainable way of integrations 1. INTRODUCTION The Danube as the largest and most important waterway in Serbia, also represents the waterway corridor VII, which is the only waterway from the ten pan-European corridors. Bearing in mind the international importance of the European waterway, modernization and renewal of vessels navigating the Danube is necessary. This necessarily entails dismantling a number of vessels. Dismantling of vessels considered as a sustainable process can be a significant source of recyclable waste, as a base for the renewal material resources. This is very important for a developing country such as Serbia, from economic aspects, particularly from the aspect of environmental protection. Dismantling of vessels through the shipbreaking industry, from the point of ship owners, should provide a cash flow for the renewal of fleet, by dispensing aged or irreparably damaged ships or vessels that cannot be used further due to the changing international legislation. From the point of view of world’s environment, re-use of scrap iron and steel, which is the main output of the shipbreaking industry, is an environment-friendly activity since it reduces the need for mining and production of raw metal, mainly, pig iron, which is the main input of steel industry. When looked on the micro-scale, scrapping of old vessels is a serious challenge for the local environment and sometimes a challenge for the health of workers. [1] Until 1970s, shipbreaking was a common industrial activity both in the United States of America and in Europe. Specialized salvage docks, equipped with cranes and other heavy equipment, were used to scrap the ships, providing material for the steel industry. Obtained scrap metal was sold in countries with few natural metal resources, at a high profit [2]. In the western world, shipbreaking is an area that is viewed with suspicion due to the high level of environmental awareness. The same environmental awareness has been reflected to both national and international authorities who adopted preventative measures against the unsafe, primitive conditions of scrapping yards in developing countries in order to maintain the industry at a sustainable level. Within the 1992-1999 period, between 2% and 4% of the world fleet was scrapped annually. The world’s demand for shipbreaking is predicted in a report prepared by Baltic and International Maritime Council (BIMCO): a scenario predicts that in 2016, the annual amount of ships that will be decommissioned (vessels greater than 2000 gross tonnes) will range from 6 to 8 million light displacement tonnes (LDT) [3]. The shipbreaking industry is important for a number of groups: vessel owners who are in need of converting their aged or non-usable vessels into money for the maintenance of their fleets, developing countries where shipbreaking is an important industry for the country’s economy and steel industry who are dependent on this vast source of raw material. These groups have the tendency to ignore negative environmental effects, conditions related to labour safety and occupational health issues. Apart from steel, other scrap metals and alloys such as copper, bronze, brass and aluminium are also obtained, as well as certain outfit and machinery from vessels that are re-used by the maritime industry. Vessel may be inspected for a hazardous waste inventory and as much equipment and loose outfit are removed from superstructures. This also allows the yard owners to minimize the time the vessel spends in the shipbreaking yard. Legislation In Serbia there is no specific legislation dealing with waste from dismantling of vessels, not even the waste from vessels at all. For these reasons it can not be given a summary of the current shipbreaking regulations, existing legislation and rules related to shipbreaking in Serbia. For these reasons following regulations can be considered relevant: Rulebook on the content of documents to be submitted with the application for a license to import, export and transit of waste ("RS Official Gazette", No. 60/09 and 101/10), this is instead of old federal regulations ("RS Official Gazette", No. 69/99) Law on Waste Management ("RS Official Gazette", No. 36/09 and 88/10) Belgrade, 2012 282
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Zbornik radova Koridor 10 - Kirilo SaviÄ

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Zbornik radova Koridor 10 - Kirilo SaviÄ