Zbornik radova Koridor 10 - Kirilo SaviÄ

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3rd International Scientific and Professional Conference CORRIDOR 10 - a sustainable way of integrations ROLLING CONTACT FATIGUE OF RAILS Zdenka Popović, Faculty of Civil Engineering in Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia Vlatko Radović, Faculty of Civil Engineering in Podgorica, Podgorica, Montenegro Abstract: Rolling Contact Fatigue is a serious hazard to rail traffic and a major problem for railway infrastructure managers across the world. Increased traffic density, axle loads and speed as well as lubrication of rails are contributors to this problem. In contrast to this, correct track geometry, correct wheel/rail contact patch geometry, improved maintenance (appropriate inspection, rail grinding) can reduce problems due to rolling contact fatigue. This paper presents maintenance problems due to the appearance of rail defects known as: head check, squat and belgrospi. Unfortunately, the mentioned rail defects are not covered by Directive 339 on common criteria for control of the state line on JŽ network, which is still in official use in the Republic of Serbia and Montenegro. The aim of this paper is to improve maintenance of rails and to implement the conclusions in the new technical regulations for the railway infrastructure maintenance in the Republic of Serbia and the Republic of Montenegro. Key words : Railway infrastructure, rolling contact fatigue, head checking, squat, belgrospi. ZAMOR ŠINSKOG ČELIKA U DODIRU SA TOČKOM Rezime: Širom sveta, zamor čelika u dodiru točak/šina ugrožava bezbednost železničkog saobraćaja i predstavlja veliki problem upravljačima infrastrukture. Stvaranju ovog problema doprinose rastuće saobraćajno i osovinsko opterećenje, porast brzina, kao i podmazivanje šina. Suprotno tome, korektna geometrija koloseka i geometrija dodira točak/šina, zajedno sa odgovarajućim održavanjem mogu da doprinesu redukovanju ovog problema. Ovaj rad prikazuje probleme održavanja izazvane šinskim defektima koji su poznatim pod nazivima: head check, squat i belgrospi. Nažalost, pomenuti defekti nisu obuhvaćeni Uputstvom 339 o o jedinstvenim kriterijumima za kontrolu stanja pruga na mreži JŽ, koje je još uvek u zvaničnoj upotrebi u Srbiji i Crnoj Gori.Cilj rada je unapređenje održavanja šina i primena zaključaka u novoj tehničkoj regulativi za održavanje železničke infrastrukture u Srbiji i Crnoj Gori. Ključne reči: Železnička infrastruktura, zamor šinskog čelika, head checking, squat, belgrospi. Belgrade, 2012 227
3rd International Scientific and Professional Conference CORRIDOR 10 - a sustainable way of integrations 1. INTRODUCTION The rail rolling contact fatigue (RCF) phenomenon threatens the traffic safety and increases the cost of rails maintenance across the world. This serious problem can lead to expensive rail grinding, premature removal of rails and complete rail failure. Experience indicates that the standard life cycle of rails can be reduced to only 2-3 years due to RCF, if the adequate effective maintenance is not taken at the time [1, 2]. The major occurrence of the RCF rail defects are: "head checkings" (HC) and "squats", as well as "belgrospi". Unfortunately, all three types of RCF defects can be observed on the Serbian Railways and the Railways of Montenegro. Nevertheless, the Serbian Railways and the Railways of Montenegro have no management strategy against RCF rail defects and technical regulations for the infrastructure maintenance do not include the aforementioned rail defects. The Railways of Serbia and the Montenegro railways are part of the European railway network. Two European traffic corridors pass through the Republic of Serbia: The Danube waterway Corridor VII and the road-railway Corridor X, as well as three European routes: the Route 4, the Route 10 and the Route 11 (Figure 1). Also, the Route 4 and the Route 2 pass through the Republic of Montenegro (Figure 1). FIGURE 1. European corridors and routes in the Republic of Serbia and the Republic of Montenegro [3] Realization of interoperability of European railway system demands for infrastructure managers in Serbia and Montenegro to have maintenance plans for the infrastructure subsystem for each conventional railway line [4]. Also, this plan should include inspection and strategy against head checking. Maintenance strategy should provide extension of rail service life, reduce in overall rail maintenance costs and improve safety of railway traffic. This paper figures out the importance of grinding strategy against head checking rail defect. It also points on necessity of preventive activities (such as rail care), removal of more or less severe defects (corrective activities) and cyclical (controlled) activities during the rail service life. Every infrastructure manager needs to adjust maintenance strategy to local conditions in order to achieve improvement in traffic safety. 2. DEFECTS DUE TO ROLLING CONTACT FATIGUE The term rolling contact fatigue is generic in nature and used to describe a range of defects that are due, basically, to the development of excessive shear stresses at the wheel/rail contact interface. Rolling contact fatigue is a process of gradual destruction due to the creation and development of an Belgrade, 2012 228
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