Apple MainStage 3 Instruments - MainStage 3 Instruments
Apple MainStage 3 Instruments - MainStage 3 Instruments
Apple MainStage 3 Instruments - MainStage 3 Instruments
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EFM1 modulator and carrier parameters<br />
Modulator and carrier overview<br />
In FM synthesis, the basic sound is generated by setting different tuning ratios between the<br />
modulator and carrier oscillators and by altering the FM intensity. The tuning ratio determines<br />
the basic overtone structure, and FM intensity controls the level of these overtones.<br />
At the core of the EFM1 synthesis system is a multiwave modulator oscillator and a sine wave<br />
carrier oscillator. The basic sine wave of the carrier oscillator is a pure, characterless tone.<br />
To make things more sonically interesting, you use the modulator oscillator to modulate the<br />
frequency of the carrier oscillator. This modulation occurs in the audio range—you can hear it—<br />
and results in a number of new harmonics becoming audible.<br />
The pure sine wave of the carrier oscillator is combined with the newly generated harmonics,<br />
making the sound more interesting.<br />
Changes to the ratio of the two oscillators is achieved by adjusting the Harmonic parameters,<br />
found in both the Modulator and Carrier sections. Additional tuning control is provided by the<br />
Fine (tune) parameters.<br />
Modulator parameters<br />
Carrier parameters<br />
FM Intensity knob<br />
Chapter 4 EFM1 113