constructing pathways to translation - Higher Education Commission

Apart from the question of naturalness, accuracy and the ‘logic’ of a Text, there are some
stylistic considerations which may make the translation of Conjunction particularly
difficult. For instance, Milic suggests that one of the most striking features of Swift’s
style relates to the way he uses Conjunction. Swift’s favorite Conjunctions according to
Milic are but, and for. He makes unusually heavy use of these items, but he does not use
them as precise logical connective but only to indicate that “one sentence is connected
with another with out reference to the nature of the connection” (Baker ,1992).
v. Lexical Cohesion:
Lexical Cohesion refers to the role played by the selection of vocabulary in organizing
relations within a text. A Lexical Cohesion covers any instance in which the use of
lexical item recalls the sense of an earlier one.
Lexical Cohesion is divided into two main categories, Reiteration and Collocation. A
reiterated item may be a repetition of an earlier item, a synonym or near synonym, a
super-ordinate, or a general word. Collocation, as a sub class of lexical cohesion, covers
any instance which involves a pair of lexical items that are associated to each other in the
language in some way. There are many instances where the association between lexical
items cannot readily be given a name, but it does not matter what the relation is, as long
as one is aware of it and reacts to it as a cohesive device:
� Various kinds of oppositions of meaning, e.g., boy/girl, love/hate, order/obey.
� Association between a pair of words from the some ordered series:
Tuesday/Thursday, August/December, dollar/cent.
� Associations between parts of words from unordered lexical sets.
� Part – whole relations: car / brake; body/ arm, bicycle/ wheel.
� Pair – part relations: mouth/chin; verse/chorus.
� Co hyponymy: red/green, chair/table (Baker, 1992).
Lexical Cohesion typically operates through lexical chains that run through a Text, and
are linked to each other in various ways.
The notion of lexical cohesion as being dependent on the presence of networks of lexical
items, rather than the presence of any specific class, provides the basis for instantial
meaning for text meaning, which has crucial importance for translators. The details of
collocation and collocational patterns have been provided earlier.
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