constructing pathways to translation - Higher Education Commission

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7.5 FINDINGS
OF THEORETICAL ANALYSIS OF THE SOURCE
AND THE TARGET TEXT
The TTs prose design and textual configurations are to great extent imitataive but the
translator has also taken care of English textual configurations. This is evident in the
dialogic transformation of sentences,
the topic shifts and perceiving boundaries between
sequences. Standards of Textuality and Procedural system are of satisfactory level in
the TT.
Equivalence at the word level has been retained in the translation with the exception of
hyponyms and super-ordinates, which the translator has adapted in Target Text in their
original from the Source Text,or have been completely omitted. They are largely
cultural specific, i.e., maulvi, qasi, doputta, muezzin, hookah, pan jaleebi, thumri, tabla
and sarrangi, etc. and dialectical, i.e., Oh sale, Baap re Baap etc., have been transformed
in their meaning through paraphrasing in translation. Most of the time the translator has
resorted to the device of omission, even at places where inclusion was inevitable, and
omission or paraphrase cluttered the work.
At above the word level equivalence, there are two fundamental aspects: Cohesion and
Coherence.
At the level of Cohesion, the translated
text has a well developed coherent pattern where
the reference, substitution and elliptical
devices are well translated. It is also worth
mentioning that Urdu though more complex syntactically than English, its signaling
devices for reference, substitution and ellipses are almost the same as in English.
The main difference at the Cohesion level in the translated text is among th e
conjunctions. The type of conjunction signals in Urdu like Agar, Magar, Yun, Halankey,
Tab have not been properly translated as such in the target language. The translator has
employed his own syntactic structure where the functions of conjunction
convey entirely
different meanings.
So it became very tenuous task to find out such patterns.
Secondly, Shaukat Siddiqui being Lucknow born, has used rich Urdu lexicon with
excessive use of dialectical expressions. Dehli and Lucknawi expressions are recurrent
in the novel. The translator,
however, could not reproduce or replace such Urdu lexicon
with the equivalent English lexicon. He has translated
such a rich text in a very vague,