constructing pathways to translation - Higher Education Commission

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The above model and approach have practically been applied in the analysis of the four novels, by the researcher in the following and latter chapters of this thesis, and the results and conclusions of the study have been drawn from them. Ary, D., Jacobs, L.C., and Razavieh, A.,(2002), Seale, C.(Ed),(2004), Fraenker,J.R.,and Walen,N.E.(2000), Dees(1997) and Hayllar and Veal (1996) are used as informing source for the documented Research Methodology. 5.1.1 TYPE OF RESEARCH It is a Qualitative Research and is primarily based on the following research methods: � Content Analysis 5.1.2 CONTENT ANALYSIS: Emergent Design Framework Content Analysis has been done in an Emergent Design Framework, in which the devised theoretical framework, methods and strategies have been applied to the contents of the four novels, without any prior assurance of success or failure. The nature of investigation is not predictable and static, but the design of research analysis emerges and conclusion drawn as the study unfolded. 5.1.3 Objectives of Research � To explore the theoretical matrix for the Translation Process and obtain descriptive information about the topic. � To identify strategies and procedures applicable to Translation Activity. � To test the hypothesis: the application of the devised theoretical matrix to the data, in order to confirm its validity and draw conclusions. � To suggest a pedagogic model for translation curricula. 5.1.4 Unit of Data Analysis The following FOUR novels constitute the Unit of Analysis for the research. From English into Urdu: 1- Novel: The Old Man and the Sea Author: Ernest Hemingway Translation: Boorah Aur Samandar Translator: Prof Salim siddiqui 2- Novel: The Red Badge of Courage Author: Stephen Crane Translation: Surkh Tamgha Translator: Intazar Hussain 2
From Urdu into English: 1- Novel: Khuda ki Basti Author: Shoukat Siddiqui Translation: God’s Own Land: A Novel of Pakistan Translator: David J. Matthews 2- Novel: Oddas Naslein Author: Abdullah Hussein Translation: The Weary Generations Translator: Abdullah Hussein 5.1.5 Rationale of Data Analysis The reasons for data analysis are three-fold: � To confirm the validity of the Translation pedagogy devised in Chapter 2,3 and 4. � To gauge the feasibility of the implementation of Translation Studies as a discipline in Pakistan. � To make recommendations for the future curriculum planning and development, in Pakistan. 5.1.6 Sampling: Purposive Sampling The type of Sampling adopted for data presentation and analysis is Purposive Sampling, since the novels have been selected carefully to provide maximum insight and understanding of the subject under consideration: Translation Pedagogy and Process. This sampling is not representative or random, but purposive, intended to exploit competing views and fresh perspectives, as fully as possible. Each selected novel is a different specimen of Translation Style and provides a broad based spectrum for the verification of the determined paradigms and parameters for the Translation Pedagogy and Process of both the languages, English and Urdu which are used commonly in Pakistan, academically and governmentally. Maximum Variation Sampling The type of Purposive Sampling exactly used is Maximum Variation Sampling. The four novels and their translations are as varied, distinct and different, as possible. Thus, they are samples that maximize differences on specified characteristics and identify commonalities across the texts. 3
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CONSTRUCTING PATHWAYS TO TRANSLATIO
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NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF MODERN LANGU
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ABSTRACT The study touches upon all
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Chapter 2 LITERATURE REVIEW--------
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Chapter 4 URDU TRANSLATION: PROCESS
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Chapter 07 Page ANALYSIS OF THE NOV
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xiii Page 10.2.8 The use of Cogniti
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11.3 Researcher’s Suggested Model
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xvii I owe a debt o
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DEDICATED TO MY FATHER Citadel of P
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When? Is concerned with the time of
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3. Translation: the abstract concep
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A theory/pedagogy is an explanation
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3. Models of the dynamics of the pr
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a domain dominated by mimesis, but
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candidates such as ‘translatology
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Figure 1.5 Applied Translation Stud
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translation research, or felt that
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quantifiable textual and extra- tex
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considerable unease and puzzlement
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� To build this outline into a Mo
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of Translation and Text Linguistics
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ways of talking more sensibly about
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At word Level TRANSLATION PEDAGOGY
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Table 2.1. Text -types, Forms and S
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A still different line has been ado
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otherwise, but caution must be exer
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Figure 2.3 Reception and Production
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Parser Lexical Search Mechanism Sou
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the boundaries of such elements are
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phenomenon. The actual words and ex
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c. The SL Word is Semantically Comp
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Language. ‘Dilentante’ is a loa
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7. Translation by Omission: If the
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particularly significant in a given
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. An idiom or fixed expression may
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Naturalness and readability means t
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The above discussion and practical
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iv. Translation of Puns: If the pur
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supported with an attribute, unless
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In practice, the lack of grammatica
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All this amounts to the fact that i
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2.6.4 TEXTURAL EQUIVALENCE: THEMATI
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a. It acts as a part of orientation
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and transitivity in system, is that
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2.6.4.3 Thematic structure; Text Or
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The concepts of theme/rheme determi
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-description). This can then be fol
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Reference Substitution Junction End
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the chunking of information, how mu
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In translations, it is impossible t
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is linked as explanatory coherence,
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Figure 2.9 Variation: Use and User
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In the main, accessibility is a fun
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the manner in which the message is
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in the TT the effects it has on the
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Figure 2.11 Relationship between La
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features with their roots in the So
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Third, in planning translation stra
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100 assessing the segment of the Ta
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I. Compensation in Kind 102 This re
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104 The traced Pedagogy has, theref
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2.7.1 CONTEXTUAL CONFIGURATION 106
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108 Sequences. A Sequence in a text
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110 All this configuration is of gr
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112 taken into consideration is tha
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CHAPTER 3 114 IMPLICATIONS OF LITER
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116 constraints on the reader, writ
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118 Translation, then, is a visible
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120 The practice of translators als
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122 In order to be ethical, we have
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124 second is Foreignizing method,
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126 Equivalence can be established
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128 Association that takes place wi
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130 Within the model, attention nee
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132 typical of contemporary psycho-
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134 All Text Processing is, to a la
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136 operate under a different set o
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138 3.5.5 A HEURISTIC FOR RESEARCH
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140 level of the sentence. Furtherm
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142 often been argued that translat
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144 a. It is an activity, which, by
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146 Some characteristics can be und
Page 167 and 168: 148 3.6.4 CONCLUSION Finally, Secon
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Page 171 and 172: 152 Thus the development of Urdu pr
Page 173 and 174: 154 According to historians, the mi
Page 175 and 176: 156 phase. The entire literary scen
Page 177 and 178: 158 In 1950, Bakir Hussain Syed in
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Page 181 and 182: 162 3. Introduce new inputs and to
Page 183 and 184: 5. Genres (Keinda) and the spirit o
Page 185 and 186: 166 connotations of the word ‘Def
Page 187 and 188: 168 should, therefore, be given to
Page 189 and 190: 170 there is ambiguity, but it is r
Page 191 and 192: 4.5.8 Differences in Expressions -
Page 193 and 194: 174 Translation Pedagogy and Proces
Page 195 and 196: 176 The problems faced by Urdu theo
Page 197 and 198: 178 least six various forms; Ro par
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Page 201 and 202: 182 Muqtadira Quami Zuban (National
Page 203 and 204: 184 language. The committee constit
Page 205 and 206: 186 Hussain, translating the litera
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Page 209 and 210: Chapter 05 TABLE OF CONTENTS RESEAR
Page 211 and 212: Chapter 08 iv Page ANALYSIS OF THE
Page 213 and 214: vi Page 11.3 Initial steps that hel
Page 215 and 216: 11.3 Researcher’s Suggested Model
Page 217: CHAPTER 5 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND
Page 221 and 222: 5.1.9 Coding Categories All Coding
Page 223 and 224: 5.2 ANALYSIS OF THE NOVEL ‘THE OL
Page 225 and 226: the man and Marlin at opposite ends
Page 227 and 228: Boorhey ney Dolphin key halq sey ka
Page 229 and 230: 2-ST. p: 3. He never went turtling.
Page 231 and 232: ST. p: 10. He left the smell of the
Page 233 and 234: ---------(missing)Ye khar-e- Istikh
Page 235 and 236: Khush qismati to kai andaz mein aan
Page 237 and 238: TT.P:46. Sirgasoon bootiyon keh aik
Page 239 and 240: 2. Measures: ST. p:10. There was a
Page 241 and 242: The sun rose thinly from the sea an
Page 243 and 244: Boorhey macheron main sey kai doser
Page 245 and 246: 1: Voice Change ST. p:11. There was
Page 247 and 248: 2.Substitution ST. p:80. The boy we
Page 249 and 250: Aik aurat ki nazar machli ki aik az
Page 251 and 252: I ‘ll kill him through, ‘he sai
Page 253 and 254: esides the great birds and beasts.
Page 255 and 256: On the brown walls of the flattened
Page 257 and 258: Aay mariyam! to baes-i-i khudawandi
Page 259 and 260: As for grammatical equivalence: num
Page 261 and 262: aspect which are absolutely contrar
Page 263 and 264: CHAPTER 6 ANALYSIS OF THE NOVEL :
Page 265 and 266: Characters lack names; such epithet
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TT. P: 294. Un sipahiyon ko apni kh
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TT. p: 265. Hamayshaa tum jahiloon
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Bohat sey sipahee mutawatar sar uta
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2- Cliche Metaphors ST. p:22. In th
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Us ney kuch tammul key saath yeh bh
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Wo aik aysey shagen ko itmanan sey
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Pattion or Tehnioon ka acha khasa m
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The longest speech of the novel on
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Jab wo yoon andha dhundh barrha cha
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TT. p:10. ‘Jim, Kiya baat hay’
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3. Impersonality and Accessibility
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You talk as if you thought you was
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3. Compensation by Merging ST. p: 1
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B.Compound phrases Adjective & Noun
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and untranslatable. But the plot an
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CHAPTER 7 ANALYSIS OF THE NOVEL ‘
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The first domestic strand of the na
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did not have an auxiliary role, but
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ST. p:54 -Alu choolay TT. p:38 Pota
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Khushk pate rukruk kar us tahra kha
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ST. p: 76 TT . p: 48 ST . p:118 TT.
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Ghabraen nahi TT. P:40 There’s no
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ST. p: 1 64 Donoo darakhtoon key ne
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2. ST. p: 364 Us ke awaz us waqat p
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3.4 Translation of Puns ST .p: 216
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TT. p:16 103 Nausha lowered his eye
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Norouz hairat se chonk para. iskool
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But I shall be here when you want m
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5. Voice ST. p:386 Car start hoyi o
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Aaj paanch haramzade mare gai TT. p
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TT. p: 50 Leaning over to Akbar he
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It was her dearest desire to put he
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4. ST. p: 39 Abey thater chalta hai
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Qadam qadam tokhrein khaney key bad
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Nausha jail mein tha aur phansi key
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TT : p.160. R aise the truth up to
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125 7.5 FINDINGS OF THEORETICAL ANA
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impersonal but lacks spontaneity an
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CHAPTER 8 ANALYSIS OF THE NOVEL:
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131 forging identities, about great
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133
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135 However if analysed theoretical
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344)__(TT.p: 242-258), are some of
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Political slogans have not even bee
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uthta, aur koi bhi gootnoo per utta
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143 Kia maangta hai - kiyoon aya? G
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One misses in the Englsih version,
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The author in the ST has employed a
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The Fourth and final part in both t
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9.1.1 Purpose/ Justification CHAPTE
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3. Dr Attash Durrani: 153 He has a
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9.1.9 Standards of Survey Research
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On the whole, all the respondents s
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freedom and limitation.Dr Ikram Aza
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It is for the same reasons that non
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CHAPTER 10 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMEND
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What is required at the moment is t
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different things. Gregory Rebassa i
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different people: the author, the e
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from Aristotle to recent reading th
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In Translation, there is no such th
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175 control of the translator. The
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achievement occurs in Art. If one w
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its slips of vocabulary. It is far
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181 In translations, language shoul
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entailed responsibility, is at the
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Linguistics to describe Translation
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it. So, while there must be theoret
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189 Translation includes in itself,
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how they do it. They will need abov
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exists in other developed countries
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linguistics relevant to translation
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and are not comprehendible to reade
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TOWARDS CURRICULUM PLANNING AND 199
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The following models have been rese
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translation instruction as a unique
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205 11.4 CONTRIBUTION OF THE RESEAR
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11.5 THE RESEARCHERS SUGGESTED MODE
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Select Student and Course Evaluatio
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SEMESTER 3 S. Course Title of Cours
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213 hurculean task, the basic found
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REFERENCES Allen,S. (Ed.). (1999).
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Durrani, A. (Jan, 1993). Urdu Dunya
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Leighton, L. (Ed. & Trans.).(1984).
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Shahid, H.M. (1989). Sir Abdul Qadi
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PROCEDURAL KNOWLEDGE; PRODUCTION AN
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RECEPTION OF TEXT SURFACE PARSING I
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Table 2 Schema Of Textual Filters T
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Figure 5 Psycholinguistic Model of
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A. Literary translation General lan
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Table 03 CONCORD OF GENDER: MUSCULI
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APPENDIX C Table 1 Parts of Speech
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3.5 Past Continuative Habitual : la
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3.11 Present Progressive : / lar∂
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3.17 Simple Future: / laega / (will
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� NAME: � AGE: � ACADEMIC BAC
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Q2: Does Translation process involv
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xxvi
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xxviii
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xxx
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PART-I xxxii Q.1 Approx about all t
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REPLY 3. DR. NAEEM KLASRA PROFILE x
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xxxvi When I completed translation
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xxxviii ANS:- It is must to have ap
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4:- Should have acquaintance about
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REPLY 4. DR ASIF FARRUKHI xlii
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xliv
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REPLY 6. DR IKRAM AZAM xlvi
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xlviii
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