constructing pathways to translation - Higher Education Commission

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objective translation be produced, that is, a translation which vividly represents the perceptual potential of the original (Bell, 1991:220). Language is designed in such a way that micro-functions exist. The purpose of language is to create communicative texts which convey the three types of meaning: ideational, interpersonal and textual. The three micro-functions are thought of as being activated simultaneously, rather than sequentially. Indeed the whole arrangement can be presented in the form of the given model in Table: 1, (Networks and Systems, Appendix A). 2.4.2 Synthesis: Writing Three regulative principles by means of which Texts are controlled and their quality judged have been suggested: a. Efficiency - The minimum expenditure of effort is required of the participants. b. Effectiveness - Success in creating the conditions for attaining a goal. c. Appropriateness - Providing a balance between the conventional and the unconventional. The five stages of writing from planning to actual writing are: 1. Planning. 2. Ideation. 3.Development. 4. Expression. 5. Parsing . We shall approach the translation of the text as though the stages involved were linear and sequential, which they are not. None the less, for the purpose of sub-division, there are three areas of focus; 1. The analysis of the source language text; 2. The organization of the semantic representation of the individual clauses into integrated schema, which contains the whole of information the reader has been able to accumulate in the course of reading the text. 3. The synthesis of the new target language text. This is well represented in the given diagrammatic form: 37
Parser Lexical Search Mechanism Source Source Language Text Visual word recognition system Language Linear string of symbols Syntactic Semantic Mode Pragmatic Structure Content Analyser Frequent Structure Store Frequent Lexis Store Analyser Analyser Tenor Domain Style Clause Next MEMORY SYSTEMS Purpose Speech act Semantic Representation Idea Organizer Planner Target Language Text Writing system Language Fig 2.4 A model of the Translation process (Adapted from Bell, 1991 : 59) The Text can be translated only if it is understood properly. To understand a Text requires a multilevel approach, which treats the Text as the product of at least three types of choices which expresses different kinds of meaning reflected in the content, purpose and organization of the Text. Parser Lexical Search Mechanism Target Syntactic Semantic Mode Yes Pragmatic Structure Content Style Synthesizer Frequent Structure Store Frequent Lexis Store Synthesizer Synthesizer Tenor Domain Translate No 38
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CONSTRUCTING PATHWAYS TO TRANSLATIO
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NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF MODERN LANGU
Page 5 and 6: ABSTRACT The study touches upon all
Page 7 and 8: Chapter 2 LITERATURE REVIEW--------
Page 9 and 10: Chapter 4 URDU TRANSLATION: PROCESS
Page 11 and 12: Chapter 07 Page ANALYSIS OF THE NOV
Page 13 and 14: xiii Page 10.2.8 The use of Cogniti
Page 15 and 16: 11.3 Researcher’s Suggested Model
Page 17 and 18: ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xvii I owe a debt o
Page 19 and 20: DEDICATED TO MY FATHER Citadel of P
Page 21 and 22: When? Is concerned with the time of
Page 23 and 24: 3. Translation: the abstract concep
Page 25 and 26: A theory/pedagogy is an explanation
Page 27 and 28: 3. Models of the dynamics of the pr
Page 29 and 30: a domain dominated by mimesis, but
Page 31 and 32: candidates such as ‘translatology
Page 33 and 34: Figure 1.5 Applied Translation Stud
Page 35 and 36: translation research, or felt that
Page 37 and 38: quantifiable textual and extra- tex
Page 39 and 40: considerable unease and puzzlement
Page 41 and 42: � To build this outline into a Mo
Page 43 and 44: of Translation and Text Linguistics
Page 45 and 46: ways of talking more sensibly about
Page 47 and 48: At word Level TRANSLATION PEDAGOGY
Page 49 and 50: Table 2.1. Text -types, Forms and S
Page 51 and 52: A still different line has been ado
Page 53 and 54: otherwise, but caution must be exer
Page 55: Figure 2.3 Reception and Production
Page 59 and 60: the boundaries of such elements are
Page 61 and 62: phenomenon. The actual words and ex
Page 63 and 64: c. The SL Word is Semantically Comp
Page 65 and 66: Language. ‘Dilentante’ is a loa
Page 67 and 68: 7. Translation by Omission: If the
Page 69 and 70: particularly significant in a given
Page 71 and 72: . An idiom or fixed expression may
Page 73 and 74: Naturalness and readability means t
Page 75 and 76: The above discussion and practical
Page 77 and 78: iv. Translation of Puns: If the pur
Page 79 and 80: supported with an attribute, unless
Page 81 and 82: In practice, the lack of grammatica
Page 83 and 84: All this amounts to the fact that i
Page 85 and 86: 2.6.4 TEXTURAL EQUIVALENCE: THEMATI
Page 87 and 88: a. It acts as a part of orientation
Page 89 and 90: and transitivity in system, is that
Page 91 and 92: 2.6.4.3 Thematic structure; Text Or
Page 93 and 94: The concepts of theme/rheme determi
Page 95 and 96: -description). This can then be fol
Page 97 and 98: Reference Substitution Junction End
Page 99 and 100: the chunking of information, how mu
Page 101 and 102: In translations, it is impossible t
Page 103 and 104: is linked as explanatory coherence,
Page 105 and 106: Figure 2.9 Variation: Use and User
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In the main, accessibility is a fun
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the manner in which the message is
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in the TT the effects it has on the
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Figure 2.11 Relationship between La
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features with their roots in the So
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Third, in planning translation stra
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100 assessing the segment of the Ta
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I. Compensation in Kind 102 This re
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104 The traced Pedagogy has, theref
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2.7.1 CONTEXTUAL CONFIGURATION 106
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108 Sequences. A Sequence in a text
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110 All this configuration is of gr
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112 taken into consideration is tha
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CHAPTER 3 114 IMPLICATIONS OF LITER
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116 constraints on the reader, writ
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118 Translation, then, is a visible
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120 The practice of translators als
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122 In order to be ethical, we have
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124 second is Foreignizing method,
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126 Equivalence can be established
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128 Association that takes place wi
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130 Within the model, attention nee
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132 typical of contemporary psycho-
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134 All Text Processing is, to a la
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136 operate under a different set o
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138 3.5.5 A HEURISTIC FOR RESEARCH
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140 level of the sentence. Furtherm
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142 often been argued that translat
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144 a. It is an activity, which, by
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146 Some characteristics can be und
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148 3.6.4 CONCLUSION Finally, Secon
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150 the world’s languages. Accord
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152 Thus the development of Urdu pr
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154 According to historians, the mi
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156 phase. The entire literary scen
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158 In 1950, Bakir Hussain Syed in
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160 stands for the great sin(Gunah-
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162 3. Introduce new inputs and to
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5. Genres (Keinda) and the spirit o
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166 connotations of the word ‘Def
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168 should, therefore, be given to
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170 there is ambiguity, but it is r
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4.5.8 Differences in Expressions -
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174 Translation Pedagogy and Proces
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176 The problems faced by Urdu theo
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178 least six various forms; Ro par
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180 number of advantages for meetin
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182 Muqtadira Quami Zuban (National
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184 language. The committee constit
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186 Hussain, translating the litera
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188 beings, because both are the so
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Chapter 05 TABLE OF CONTENTS RESEAR
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Chapter 08 iv Page ANALYSIS OF THE
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vi Page 11.3 Initial steps that hel
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11.3 Researcher’s Suggested Model
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CHAPTER 5 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND
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From Urdu into English: 1- Novel: K
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5.1.9 Coding Categories All Coding
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5.2 ANALYSIS OF THE NOVEL ‘THE OL
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the man and Marlin at opposite ends
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Boorhey ney Dolphin key halq sey ka
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2-ST. p: 3. He never went turtling.
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ST. p: 10. He left the smell of the
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---------(missing)Ye khar-e- Istikh
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Khush qismati to kai andaz mein aan
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TT.P:46. Sirgasoon bootiyon keh aik
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2. Measures: ST. p:10. There was a
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The sun rose thinly from the sea an
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Boorhey macheron main sey kai doser
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1: Voice Change ST. p:11. There was
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2.Substitution ST. p:80. The boy we
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Aik aurat ki nazar machli ki aik az
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I ‘ll kill him through, ‘he sai
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esides the great birds and beasts.
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On the brown walls of the flattened
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Aay mariyam! to baes-i-i khudawandi
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As for grammatical equivalence: num
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aspect which are absolutely contrar
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CHAPTER 6 ANALYSIS OF THE NOVEL :
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Characters lack names; such epithet
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deconstructive reading of these opp
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TT. P: 294. Un sipahiyon ko apni kh
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TT. p: 265. Hamayshaa tum jahiloon
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Bohat sey sipahee mutawatar sar uta
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2- Cliche Metaphors ST. p:22. In th
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Us ney kuch tammul key saath yeh bh
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Wo aik aysey shagen ko itmanan sey
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Pattion or Tehnioon ka acha khasa m
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The longest speech of the novel on
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Jab wo yoon andha dhundh barrha cha
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TT. p:10. ‘Jim, Kiya baat hay’
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3. Impersonality and Accessibility
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You talk as if you thought you was
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3. Compensation by Merging ST. p: 1
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B.Compound phrases Adjective & Noun
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and untranslatable. But the plot an
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CHAPTER 7 ANALYSIS OF THE NOVEL ‘
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The first domestic strand of the na
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did not have an auxiliary role, but
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ST. p:54 -Alu choolay TT. p:38 Pota
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Khushk pate rukruk kar us tahra kha
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ST. p: 76 TT . p: 48 ST . p:118 TT.
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Ghabraen nahi TT. P:40 There’s no
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ST. p: 1 64 Donoo darakhtoon key ne
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2. ST. p: 364 Us ke awaz us waqat p
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3.4 Translation of Puns ST .p: 216
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TT. p:16 103 Nausha lowered his eye
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Norouz hairat se chonk para. iskool
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But I shall be here when you want m
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5. Voice ST. p:386 Car start hoyi o
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Aaj paanch haramzade mare gai TT. p
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TT. p: 50 Leaning over to Akbar he
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It was her dearest desire to put he
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4. ST. p: 39 Abey thater chalta hai
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Qadam qadam tokhrein khaney key bad
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Nausha jail mein tha aur phansi key
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TT : p.160. R aise the truth up to
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125 7.5 FINDINGS OF THEORETICAL ANA
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impersonal but lacks spontaneity an
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CHAPTER 8 ANALYSIS OF THE NOVEL:
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131 forging identities, about great
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133
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135 However if analysed theoretical
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344)__(TT.p: 242-258), are some of
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Political slogans have not even bee
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uthta, aur koi bhi gootnoo per utta
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143 Kia maangta hai - kiyoon aya? G
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One misses in the Englsih version,
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The author in the ST has employed a
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The Fourth and final part in both t
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9.1.1 Purpose/ Justification CHAPTE
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3. Dr Attash Durrani: 153 He has a
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9.1.9 Standards of Survey Research
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On the whole, all the respondents s
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freedom and limitation.Dr Ikram Aza
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It is for the same reasons that non
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CHAPTER 10 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMEND
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What is required at the moment is t
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different things. Gregory Rebassa i
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different people: the author, the e
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from Aristotle to recent reading th
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In Translation, there is no such th
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175 control of the translator. The
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achievement occurs in Art. If one w
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its slips of vocabulary. It is far
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181 In translations, language shoul
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entailed responsibility, is at the
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Linguistics to describe Translation
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it. So, while there must be theoret
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189 Translation includes in itself,
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how they do it. They will need abov
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exists in other developed countries
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linguistics relevant to translation
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and are not comprehendible to reade
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TOWARDS CURRICULUM PLANNING AND 199
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The following models have been rese
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translation instruction as a unique
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205 11.4 CONTRIBUTION OF THE RESEAR
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11.5 THE RESEARCHERS SUGGESTED MODE
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Select Student and Course Evaluatio
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SEMESTER 3 S. Course Title of Cours
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213 hurculean task, the basic found
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REFERENCES Allen,S. (Ed.). (1999).
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Durrani, A. (Jan, 1993). Urdu Dunya
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Leighton, L. (Ed. & Trans.).(1984).
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Shahid, H.M. (1989). Sir Abdul Qadi
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PROCEDURAL KNOWLEDGE; PRODUCTION AN
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RECEPTION OF TEXT SURFACE PARSING I
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Table 2 Schema Of Textual Filters T
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Figure 5 Psycholinguistic Model of
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A. Literary translation General lan
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Table 03 CONCORD OF GENDER: MUSCULI
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APPENDIX C Table 1 Parts of Speech
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3.5 Past Continuative Habitual : la
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3.11 Present Progressive : / lar∂
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3.17 Simple Future: / laega / (will
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� NAME: � AGE: � ACADEMIC BAC
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Q2: Does Translation process involv
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xxvi
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xxviii
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xxx
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PART-I xxxii Q.1 Approx about all t
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REPLY 3. DR. NAEEM KLASRA PROFILE x
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xxxvi When I completed translation
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xxxviii ANS:- It is must to have ap
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4:- Should have acquaintance about
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REPLY 4. DR ASIF FARRUKHI xlii
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xliv
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REPLY 6. DR IKRAM AZAM xlvi
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xlviii
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