constructing pathways to translation - Higher Education Commission

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Figure 2.8 Discourse Parameters (Adapted from Bell 1991:09) 2.6.6.2 DISCOURSE PARAMETERS AND RELEVANCE TO TRANSLATION: The extent to which the Discourse draws a particular parts of the linguistics code, is clearly indicated in the above figure in which the solid arrows indicate ‘more commonly’ and the doted arrows ‘less commonly’, the context to which discourse categories draw on a particular part of the linguistic code. Use and user- variation form the basis of Discourse Parameters. In the user- based (dialect) variation, any individual can be grouped with others by virtue of sharing with them particular qualifiable demographic characteristics, which, if not permanent, are extremely long testing: gender, ethnicity, occupation, level of education, age at a given time, place of origin. Speech as well as writing carry indications of age (temporal dialect), of geographical origin (regional dialect), and social class membership (social dialect). The contrasting axis of use include the textual markers of relationship between addresser and addressee(s), of the channel (s) chosen to carry the signal, and of the function played by the Text as an example of human communication. Compared to Spoken Discourse, Written Discourse has more limited options, and the writer’s personality is totally submerged. He/she is left with no choices which can be appropriately made, which permit satisfactory communication, and at the same time allow the writer to demonstrate any individuality. The following figure clearly elucidates the user and use variation that form the basis of Discourse Parameters. 85
Figure 2.9 Variation: Use and User – (Adapted from Bell 1991 : 185) The problem encountered in translation is that, the linguistic features present in the text are categorically there or absent, the sociological, social, psychological and cultural characteristics are not discrete, but spread out along a continuum. Therefore, there is a need to consider the true Register Parameters; tenor, mode and domain of discourse, underlined by Bell(1991). A. Tenor Any sender of a message has a relationship with his or her receiver(s), and their relationship is reflected intentionally or unintentionally in the form the messages are given. It is this tone in written and spoken Texts which is signaled through syntactic 86
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CONSTRUCTING PATHWAYS TO TRANSLATIO
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NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF MODERN LANGU
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ABSTRACT The study touches upon all
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Chapter 2 LITERATURE REVIEW--------
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Chapter 4 URDU TRANSLATION: PROCESS
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Chapter 07 Page ANALYSIS OF THE NOV
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xiii Page 10.2.8 The use of Cogniti
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11.3 Researcher’s Suggested Model
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xvii I owe a debt o
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DEDICATED TO MY FATHER Citadel of P
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When? Is concerned with the time of
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3. Translation: the abstract concep
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A theory/pedagogy is an explanation
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3. Models of the dynamics of the pr
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a domain dominated by mimesis, but
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candidates such as ‘translatology
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Figure 1.5 Applied Translation Stud
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translation research, or felt that
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quantifiable textual and extra- tex
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considerable unease and puzzlement
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� To build this outline into a Mo
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of Translation and Text Linguistics
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ways of talking more sensibly about
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At word Level TRANSLATION PEDAGOGY
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Table 2.1. Text -types, Forms and S
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A still different line has been ado
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Page 55 and 56: Figure 2.3 Reception and Production
Page 57 and 58: Parser Lexical Search Mechanism Sou
Page 59 and 60: the boundaries of such elements are
Page 61 and 62: phenomenon. The actual words and ex
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Page 65 and 66: Language. ‘Dilentante’ is a loa
Page 67 and 68: 7. Translation by Omission: If the
Page 69 and 70: particularly significant in a given
Page 71 and 72: . An idiom or fixed expression may
Page 73 and 74: Naturalness and readability means t
Page 75 and 76: The above discussion and practical
Page 77 and 78: iv. Translation of Puns: If the pur
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Page 81 and 82: In practice, the lack of grammatica
Page 83 and 84: All this amounts to the fact that i
Page 85 and 86: 2.6.4 TEXTURAL EQUIVALENCE: THEMATI
Page 87 and 88: a. It acts as a part of orientation
Page 89 and 90: and transitivity in system, is that
Page 91 and 92: 2.6.4.3 Thematic structure; Text Or
Page 93 and 94: The concepts of theme/rheme determi
Page 95 and 96: -description). This can then be fol
Page 97 and 98: Reference Substitution Junction End
Page 99 and 100: the chunking of information, how mu
Page 101 and 102: In translations, it is impossible t
Page 103: is linked as explanatory coherence,
Page 107 and 108: In the main, accessibility is a fun
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Page 111 and 112: in the TT the effects it has on the
Page 113 and 114: Figure 2.11 Relationship between La
Page 115 and 116: features with their roots in the So
Page 117 and 118: Third, in planning translation stra
Page 119 and 120: 100 assessing the segment of the Ta
Page 121 and 122: I. Compensation in Kind 102 This re
Page 123 and 124: 104 The traced Pedagogy has, theref
Page 125 and 126: 2.7.1 CONTEXTUAL CONFIGURATION 106
Page 127 and 128: 108 Sequences. A Sequence in a text
Page 129 and 130: 110 All this configuration is of gr
Page 131 and 132: 112 taken into consideration is tha
Page 133 and 134: CHAPTER 3 114 IMPLICATIONS OF LITER
Page 135 and 136: 116 constraints on the reader, writ
Page 137 and 138: 118 Translation, then, is a visible
Page 139 and 140: 120 The practice of translators als
Page 141 and 142: 122 In order to be ethical, we have
Page 143 and 144: 124 second is Foreignizing method,
Page 145 and 146: 126 Equivalence can be established
Page 147 and 148: 128 Association that takes place wi
Page 149 and 150: 130 Within the model, attention nee
Page 151 and 152: 132 typical of contemporary psycho-
Page 153 and 154: 134 All Text Processing is, to a la
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136 operate under a different set o
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138 3.5.5 A HEURISTIC FOR RESEARCH
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140 level of the sentence. Furtherm
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142 often been argued that translat
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144 a. It is an activity, which, by
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146 Some characteristics can be und
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148 3.6.4 CONCLUSION Finally, Secon
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150 the world’s languages. Accord
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152 Thus the development of Urdu pr
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154 According to historians, the mi
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156 phase. The entire literary scen
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158 In 1950, Bakir Hussain Syed in
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160 stands for the great sin(Gunah-
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162 3. Introduce new inputs and to
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5. Genres (Keinda) and the spirit o
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166 connotations of the word ‘Def
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168 should, therefore, be given to
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170 there is ambiguity, but it is r
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4.5.8 Differences in Expressions -
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174 Translation Pedagogy and Proces
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176 The problems faced by Urdu theo
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178 least six various forms; Ro par
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180 number of advantages for meetin
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182 Muqtadira Quami Zuban (National
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184 language. The committee constit
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186 Hussain, translating the litera
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188 beings, because both are the so
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Chapter 05 TABLE OF CONTENTS RESEAR
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Chapter 08 iv Page ANALYSIS OF THE
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vi Page 11.3 Initial steps that hel
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11.3 Researcher’s Suggested Model
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CHAPTER 5 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND
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From Urdu into English: 1- Novel: K
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5.1.9 Coding Categories All Coding
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5.2 ANALYSIS OF THE NOVEL ‘THE OL
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the man and Marlin at opposite ends
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Boorhey ney Dolphin key halq sey ka
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2-ST. p: 3. He never went turtling.
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ST. p: 10. He left the smell of the
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---------(missing)Ye khar-e- Istikh
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Khush qismati to kai andaz mein aan
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TT.P:46. Sirgasoon bootiyon keh aik
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2. Measures: ST. p:10. There was a
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The sun rose thinly from the sea an
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Boorhey macheron main sey kai doser
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1: Voice Change ST. p:11. There was
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2.Substitution ST. p:80. The boy we
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Aik aurat ki nazar machli ki aik az
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I ‘ll kill him through, ‘he sai
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esides the great birds and beasts.
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On the brown walls of the flattened
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Aay mariyam! to baes-i-i khudawandi
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As for grammatical equivalence: num
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aspect which are absolutely contrar
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CHAPTER 6 ANALYSIS OF THE NOVEL :
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Characters lack names; such epithet
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deconstructive reading of these opp
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TT. P: 294. Un sipahiyon ko apni kh
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TT. p: 265. Hamayshaa tum jahiloon
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Bohat sey sipahee mutawatar sar uta
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2- Cliche Metaphors ST. p:22. In th
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Us ney kuch tammul key saath yeh bh
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Wo aik aysey shagen ko itmanan sey
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Pattion or Tehnioon ka acha khasa m
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The longest speech of the novel on
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Jab wo yoon andha dhundh barrha cha
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TT. p:10. ‘Jim, Kiya baat hay’
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3. Impersonality and Accessibility
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You talk as if you thought you was
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3. Compensation by Merging ST. p: 1
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B.Compound phrases Adjective & Noun
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and untranslatable. But the plot an
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CHAPTER 7 ANALYSIS OF THE NOVEL ‘
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The first domestic strand of the na
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did not have an auxiliary role, but
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ST. p:54 -Alu choolay TT. p:38 Pota
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Khushk pate rukruk kar us tahra kha
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ST. p: 76 TT . p: 48 ST . p:118 TT.
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Ghabraen nahi TT. P:40 There’s no
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ST. p: 1 64 Donoo darakhtoon key ne
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2. ST. p: 364 Us ke awaz us waqat p
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3.4 Translation of Puns ST .p: 216
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TT. p:16 103 Nausha lowered his eye
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Norouz hairat se chonk para. iskool
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But I shall be here when you want m
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5. Voice ST. p:386 Car start hoyi o
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Aaj paanch haramzade mare gai TT. p
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TT. p: 50 Leaning over to Akbar he
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It was her dearest desire to put he
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4. ST. p: 39 Abey thater chalta hai
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Qadam qadam tokhrein khaney key bad
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Nausha jail mein tha aur phansi key
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TT : p.160. R aise the truth up to
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125 7.5 FINDINGS OF THEORETICAL ANA
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impersonal but lacks spontaneity an
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CHAPTER 8 ANALYSIS OF THE NOVEL:
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131 forging identities, about great
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133
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135 However if analysed theoretical
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344)__(TT.p: 242-258), are some of
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Political slogans have not even bee
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uthta, aur koi bhi gootnoo per utta
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143 Kia maangta hai - kiyoon aya? G
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One misses in the Englsih version,
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The author in the ST has employed a
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The Fourth and final part in both t
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9.1.1 Purpose/ Justification CHAPTE
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3. Dr Attash Durrani: 153 He has a
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9.1.9 Standards of Survey Research
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On the whole, all the respondents s
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freedom and limitation.Dr Ikram Aza
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It is for the same reasons that non
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CHAPTER 10 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMEND
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What is required at the moment is t
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different things. Gregory Rebassa i
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different people: the author, the e
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from Aristotle to recent reading th
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In Translation, there is no such th
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175 control of the translator. The
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achievement occurs in Art. If one w
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its slips of vocabulary. It is far
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181 In translations, language shoul
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entailed responsibility, is at the
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Linguistics to describe Translation
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it. So, while there must be theoret
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189 Translation includes in itself,
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how they do it. They will need abov
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exists in other developed countries
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linguistics relevant to translation
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and are not comprehendible to reade
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TOWARDS CURRICULUM PLANNING AND 199
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The following models have been rese
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translation instruction as a unique
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205 11.4 CONTRIBUTION OF THE RESEAR
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11.5 THE RESEARCHERS SUGGESTED MODE
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Select Student and Course Evaluatio
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SEMESTER 3 S. Course Title of Cours
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213 hurculean task, the basic found
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REFERENCES Allen,S. (Ed.). (1999).
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Durrani, A. (Jan, 1993). Urdu Dunya
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Leighton, L. (Ed. & Trans.).(1984).
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Shahid, H.M. (1989). Sir Abdul Qadi
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PROCEDURAL KNOWLEDGE; PRODUCTION AN
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RECEPTION OF TEXT SURFACE PARSING I
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Table 2 Schema Of Textual Filters T
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Figure 5 Psycholinguistic Model of
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A. Literary translation General lan
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Table 03 CONCORD OF GENDER: MUSCULI
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APPENDIX C Table 1 Parts of Speech
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3.5 Past Continuative Habitual : la
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3.11 Present Progressive : / lar∂
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3.17 Simple Future: / laega / (will
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� NAME: � AGE: � ACADEMIC BAC
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Q2: Does Translation process involv
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xxvi
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xxviii
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xxx
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PART-I xxxii Q.1 Approx about all t
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REPLY 3. DR. NAEEM KLASRA PROFILE x
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xxxvi When I completed translation
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xxxviii ANS:- It is must to have ap
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4:- Should have acquaintance about
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REPLY 4. DR ASIF FARRUKHI xlii
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xliv
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REPLY 6. DR IKRAM AZAM xlvi
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xlviii
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