constructing pathways to translation - Higher Education Commission

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number of advantages for meeting problems unique to bilingual situations, and will be
helpful in enhancing an atmosphere congenial to Translation Studies, especially in
countries like Pakistan, where little awareness about the validity of translation exists.
When both the languages cannot be implemented in the present situation due to various
political and cultural factors, then there would seem only one further course of action
which might be expected to materially increase the effectiveness of the present Urdu
literary programs as suggested by S. Anwar Dil, (1962:121-122) in his article: The Ideal
of the Mother Tongue and its Contribution to the Learning of Urdu, would be to make
the entire population an Urdu speaking community at every level. Only on that basis can
the masses of English speaking people ever be expected to become literate in Urdu with
the ease and frequency that Urdu speaking illiterates can learn to read their mother
tongue through the use of materials and techniques which are the result of modern
linguistic science.
Thus from the above discussion it is clear that the main reason for the non existence of
the discipline in Pakistan can be attributed to the continuing Urdu English Controversy in
Pakistan, which needs to be resolved if disciplines like ‘Translation Studies’ have to
emerge.
The combination of three possible alternatives can be a solution to the problem of the
existing Urdu – English controversy as suggested by Dr Tariq Rehman,(1996: 74-95):
The first is that the present state of affairs should not be disturbed. This is in the interest
of only the rich and powerful westernized elite. However, such a system is not in the
interest of the majority of the poor and exploited people, including the middle class of
this country.
The second solution is advocated by the Urdu lobby and institutions such as National
Language Authority that Urdu should replace English in all domains of power all over
Pakistan.
The third course of action, is not favored by the National Language Authority or the
government, but is recommended by some experts. They suggest that English be