constructing pathways to translation - Higher Education Commission

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connotations of the word ‘Defense’ are present. So to use the word “Diafa” would be
more appropriate.” should be formalized.
2. While substituting the English words for Urdu translations, use the words whose
derivates are clear, like the word “Intizam” for the word ‘Administration’ would be very
suitable word, as it has many derivates which are “Tanzeem”, “Intizami”, “Muntazim”,
“Intizamia” and “Tanzeemi” etc.,
3. While coining new terms discretion is essential, in order to ensure their proper usage.
In Urdu, there are many words for a single English term. Terms introduced at school
level are different from the ones used at the college level, while at the university level
the student has to face new terminology. Thus, the need for a scientific and standardized
Urdu-English-Urdu dictionary . It would be appropriate if this task is under taken by the
NLA, which is the most appropriate institution to do so.
4. While translating technical terms of English language, care must be taken that the
equivalent terms are coined in Urdu, as simple definitions would not help. The objective
of any technical term is precision, and that it should be descriptive, so that its meanings
is free of ambiguity.
5. If any English term is equally popular in Urdu and an Urdu Equivalent also exist for
it, the Urdu translator may use his discretion to apply either; e.g., Committee or “Majlis”,
etc.
6. Unnecessary coinage of terms should be avoided. Instead of coining a new in
appropriate and awkward term, commonly used words in the TL may be used. For
example, where there is no need, translation should be avoided, and even if done, words
in common use should be retained in their original form. It would be unnatural to omit
such original terms that have been fully merged in a language, just as deletion of
imported words of Arabic, Persian and Hindi from the Urdu language. It is very
important that while selecting terms, the slang should be differentiated. Similarly in the
field of science and technology new terms should be adopted and old once should be
discarded.