constructing pathways to translation - Higher Education Commission

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Languages differ considerably in the extent to which participant and process relationships are actually realized in their syntax, and this constitutes a substantial problem for translation. It has been noted that in English, be can be used to express all these set of relationship, although there is quite a range of alternatives available in English which fulfill similar functions, equatives such as equal, represent, stand for, attributives such as get, look, seem, sound, term. Transitivity in Urdu is of different. Urdu uses forms of hona (e.g., hai) in the relational processes in a way which closely parallels the English usage of ‘be’. 1a. Intensive Identifying, for both (i) class membership: i. Sher janwar Hai: The tiger is an animal. ii. Wo sher hai: That is a tiger. 1b. Intensive Attributive: Sher bemar hai: The tiger is sick. 2a. Circumstantial Identifying: Wahan sher hai: There is a tiger. 2b. Circumstantial Attributive: Sher Bengal me hai: There is a tiger/there are tigers in Bengal. 3a. Possessive identifying: Pag sher ki hai: The track is a tiger’s. 3b. Possessive attributive: Sher ki dharian hai: The tiger has stripes/ tigers have stripes. And the existential; sher hai: The tiger exists. Further, Urdu makes a distinction between permanent and transitory attributes, by adding hota in the first case, but using hona, alone, in the second. i. Sher jangli hota hai: The tiger is fierce/wild. Tigers are fierce/wild. ii. Sher boohra hai: The tiger is old (Bell, 1991 : 132). Between Urdu and English, there seems to be a degree of fuzziness between the universality of the processes, particularly circumstantial and possessive; but the fuzziness is more apparent than real, and a function of language- specific syntactic and lexical choice is basically a selection from the Mood Systems – rather than a flaw in that notion of the universal proposition. The product of choices made in the system of Transitivity, 69
and transitivity in system, is that part of the grammar which provides options, fundamental roles and processes and circumstances, for the expression of cognitive context, as required by the ideational macro function. What is required with Transitivity is the Mood System, which converts propositions into clauses. The mood system is concerned with the way content is presented. The Mood System is language specific, and shows the relationship between communicative exchanges and syntactic forms, in a way which links the highly abstract and universal proposition with the total physical and content dependent utterance or Text. The System of Modality and Modulation is an extremely important one, since it gives the communicator the option of expressing an opinion about the extent to which the assertion is (a) probable and (b) usual. And the System of Modulation is concerned with proposals, rather than propositions. The following figure exemplifies the fact: Modulation Modality Obligation Inclination Probability Frequency Neutral Possible Probable Certain Never Sometimes Usually Always Figure: 2.6 Modality and Modulation (Adapted from Bell, 1991 : 140) 2.6.4.2 Chain and Choice: Phrase Options It thus becomes clear that the clause is the carrier of the totality of the content of the proposition. Besides clauses, there are phrases which posses a system of their own (member, case, gender in the head of the NP, for example). The notion of Chain and Choice occupies a central position in the discussion of Phrase System. Chain and Choice are alternatively function versus form, slot, versus filer, syntagmatic versus 70
Page 1 and 2:
CONSTRUCTING PATHWAYS TO TRANSLATIO
Page 3 and 4:
NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF MODERN LANGU
Page 5 and 6:
ABSTRACT The study touches upon all
Page 7 and 8:
Chapter 2 LITERATURE REVIEW--------
Page 9 and 10:
Chapter 4 URDU TRANSLATION: PROCESS
Page 11 and 12:
Chapter 07 Page ANALYSIS OF THE NOV
Page 13 and 14:
xiii Page 10.2.8 The use of Cogniti
Page 15 and 16:
11.3 Researcher’s Suggested Model
Page 17 and 18:
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xvii I owe a debt o
Page 19 and 20:
DEDICATED TO MY FATHER Citadel of P
Page 21 and 22:
When? Is concerned with the time of
Page 23 and 24:
3. Translation: the abstract concep
Page 25 and 26:
A theory/pedagogy is an explanation
Page 27 and 28:
3. Models of the dynamics of the pr
Page 29 and 30:
a domain dominated by mimesis, but
Page 31 and 32:
candidates such as ‘translatology
Page 33 and 34:
Figure 1.5 Applied Translation Stud
Page 35 and 36:
translation research, or felt that
Page 37 and 38: quantifiable textual and extra- tex
Page 39 and 40: considerable unease and puzzlement
Page 41 and 42: � To build this outline into a Mo
Page 43 and 44: of Translation and Text Linguistics
Page 45 and 46: ways of talking more sensibly about
Page 47 and 48: At word Level TRANSLATION PEDAGOGY
Page 49 and 50: Table 2.1. Text -types, Forms and S
Page 51 and 52: A still different line has been ado
Page 53 and 54: otherwise, but caution must be exer
Page 55 and 56: Figure 2.3 Reception and Production
Page 57 and 58: Parser Lexical Search Mechanism Sou
Page 59 and 60: the boundaries of such elements are
Page 61 and 62: phenomenon. The actual words and ex
Page 63 and 64: c. The SL Word is Semantically Comp
Page 65 and 66: Language. ‘Dilentante’ is a loa
Page 67 and 68: 7. Translation by Omission: If the
Page 69 and 70: particularly significant in a given
Page 71 and 72: . An idiom or fixed expression may
Page 73 and 74: Naturalness and readability means t
Page 75 and 76: The above discussion and practical
Page 77 and 78: iv. Translation of Puns: If the pur
Page 79 and 80: supported with an attribute, unless
Page 81 and 82: In practice, the lack of grammatica
Page 83 and 84: All this amounts to the fact that i
Page 85 and 86: 2.6.4 TEXTURAL EQUIVALENCE: THEMATI
Page 87: a. It acts as a part of orientation
Page 91 and 92: 2.6.4.3 Thematic structure; Text Or
Page 93 and 94: The concepts of theme/rheme determi
Page 95 and 96: -description). This can then be fol
Page 97 and 98: Reference Substitution Junction End
Page 99 and 100: the chunking of information, how mu
Page 101 and 102: In translations, it is impossible t
Page 103 and 104: is linked as explanatory coherence,
Page 105 and 106: Figure 2.9 Variation: Use and User
Page 107 and 108: In the main, accessibility is a fun
Page 109 and 110: the manner in which the message is
Page 111 and 112: in the TT the effects it has on the
Page 113 and 114: Figure 2.11 Relationship between La
Page 115 and 116: features with their roots in the So
Page 117 and 118: Third, in planning translation stra
Page 119 and 120: 100 assessing the segment of the Ta
Page 121 and 122: I. Compensation in Kind 102 This re
Page 123 and 124: 104 The traced Pedagogy has, theref
Page 125 and 126: 2.7.1 CONTEXTUAL CONFIGURATION 106
Page 127 and 128: 108 Sequences. A Sequence in a text
Page 129 and 130: 110 All this configuration is of gr
Page 131 and 132: 112 taken into consideration is tha
Page 133 and 134: CHAPTER 3 114 IMPLICATIONS OF LITER
Page 135 and 136: 116 constraints on the reader, writ
Page 137 and 138: 118 Translation, then, is a visible
Page 139 and 140:
120 The practice of translators als
Page 141 and 142:
122 In order to be ethical, we have
Page 143 and 144:
124 second is Foreignizing method,
Page 145 and 146:
126 Equivalence can be established
Page 147 and 148:
128 Association that takes place wi
Page 149 and 150:
130 Within the model, attention nee
Page 151 and 152:
132 typical of contemporary psycho-
Page 153 and 154:
134 All Text Processing is, to a la
Page 155 and 156:
136 operate under a different set o
Page 157 and 158:
138 3.5.5 A HEURISTIC FOR RESEARCH
Page 159 and 160:
140 level of the sentence. Furtherm
Page 161 and 162:
142 often been argued that translat
Page 163 and 164:
144 a. It is an activity, which, by
Page 165 and 166:
146 Some characteristics can be und
Page 167 and 168:
148 3.6.4 CONCLUSION Finally, Secon
Page 169 and 170:
150 the world’s languages. Accord
Page 171 and 172:
152 Thus the development of Urdu pr
Page 173 and 174:
154 According to historians, the mi
Page 175 and 176:
156 phase. The entire literary scen
Page 177 and 178:
158 In 1950, Bakir Hussain Syed in
Page 179 and 180:
160 stands for the great sin(Gunah-
Page 181 and 182:
162 3. Introduce new inputs and to
Page 183 and 184:
5. Genres (Keinda) and the spirit o
Page 185 and 186:
166 connotations of the word ‘Def
Page 187 and 188:
168 should, therefore, be given to
Page 189 and 190:
170 there is ambiguity, but it is r
Page 191 and 192:
4.5.8 Differences in Expressions -
Page 193 and 194:
174 Translation Pedagogy and Proces
Page 195 and 196:
176 The problems faced by Urdu theo
Page 197 and 198:
178 least six various forms; Ro par
Page 199 and 200:
180 number of advantages for meetin
Page 201 and 202:
182 Muqtadira Quami Zuban (National
Page 203 and 204:
184 language. The committee constit
Page 205 and 206:
186 Hussain, translating the litera
Page 207 and 208:
188 beings, because both are the so
Page 209 and 210:
Chapter 05 TABLE OF CONTENTS RESEAR
Page 211 and 212:
Chapter 08 iv Page ANALYSIS OF THE
Page 213 and 214:
vi Page 11.3 Initial steps that hel
Page 215 and 216:
11.3 Researcher’s Suggested Model
Page 217 and 218:
CHAPTER 5 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND
Page 219 and 220:
From Urdu into English: 1- Novel: K
Page 221 and 222:
5.1.9 Coding Categories All Coding
Page 223 and 224:
5.2 ANALYSIS OF THE NOVEL ‘THE OL
Page 225 and 226:
the man and Marlin at opposite ends
Page 227 and 228:
Boorhey ney Dolphin key halq sey ka
Page 229 and 230:
2-ST. p: 3. He never went turtling.
Page 231 and 232:
ST. p: 10. He left the smell of the
Page 233 and 234:
---------(missing)Ye khar-e- Istikh
Page 235 and 236:
Khush qismati to kai andaz mein aan
Page 237 and 238:
TT.P:46. Sirgasoon bootiyon keh aik
Page 239 and 240:
2. Measures: ST. p:10. There was a
Page 241 and 242:
The sun rose thinly from the sea an
Page 243 and 244:
Boorhey macheron main sey kai doser
Page 245 and 246:
1: Voice Change ST. p:11. There was
Page 247 and 248:
2.Substitution ST. p:80. The boy we
Page 249 and 250:
Aik aurat ki nazar machli ki aik az
Page 251 and 252:
I ‘ll kill him through, ‘he sai
Page 253 and 254:
esides the great birds and beasts.
Page 255 and 256:
On the brown walls of the flattened
Page 257 and 258:
Aay mariyam! to baes-i-i khudawandi
Page 259 and 260:
As for grammatical equivalence: num
Page 261 and 262:
aspect which are absolutely contrar
Page 263 and 264:
CHAPTER 6 ANALYSIS OF THE NOVEL :
Page 265 and 266:
Characters lack names; such epithet
Page 267 and 268:
deconstructive reading of these opp
Page 269 and 270:
TT. P: 294. Un sipahiyon ko apni kh
Page 271 and 272:
TT. p: 265. Hamayshaa tum jahiloon
Page 273 and 274:
Bohat sey sipahee mutawatar sar uta
Page 275 and 276:
2- Cliche Metaphors ST. p:22. In th
Page 277 and 278:
Us ney kuch tammul key saath yeh bh
Page 279 and 280:
Wo aik aysey shagen ko itmanan sey
Page 281 and 282:
Pattion or Tehnioon ka acha khasa m
Page 283 and 284:
The longest speech of the novel on
Page 285 and 286:
Jab wo yoon andha dhundh barrha cha
Page 287 and 288:
TT. p:10. ‘Jim, Kiya baat hay’
Page 289 and 290:
3. Impersonality and Accessibility
Page 291 and 292:
You talk as if you thought you was
Page 293 and 294:
3. Compensation by Merging ST. p: 1
Page 295 and 296:
B.Compound phrases Adjective & Noun
Page 297 and 298:
and untranslatable. But the plot an
Page 299 and 300:
CHAPTER 7 ANALYSIS OF THE NOVEL ‘
Page 301 and 302:
The first domestic strand of the na
Page 303 and 304:
did not have an auxiliary role, but
Page 305 and 306:
ST. p:54 -Alu choolay TT. p:38 Pota
Page 307 and 308:
Khushk pate rukruk kar us tahra kha
Page 309 and 310:
ST. p: 76 TT . p: 48 ST . p:118 TT.
Page 311 and 312:
Ghabraen nahi TT. P:40 There’s no
Page 313 and 314:
ST. p: 1 64 Donoo darakhtoon key ne
Page 315 and 316:
2. ST. p: 364 Us ke awaz us waqat p
Page 317 and 318:
3.4 Translation of Puns ST .p: 216
Page 319 and 320:
TT. p:16 103 Nausha lowered his eye
Page 321 and 322:
Norouz hairat se chonk para. iskool
Page 323 and 324:
But I shall be here when you want m
Page 325 and 326:
5. Voice ST. p:386 Car start hoyi o
Page 327 and 328:
Aaj paanch haramzade mare gai TT. p
Page 329 and 330:
TT. p: 50 Leaning over to Akbar he
Page 331 and 332:
It was her dearest desire to put he
Page 333 and 334:
4. ST. p: 39 Abey thater chalta hai
Page 335 and 336:
Qadam qadam tokhrein khaney key bad
Page 337 and 338:
Nausha jail mein tha aur phansi key
Page 339 and 340:
TT : p.160. R aise the truth up to
Page 341 and 342:
125 7.5 FINDINGS OF THEORETICAL ANA
Page 343 and 344:
impersonal but lacks spontaneity an
Page 345 and 346:
CHAPTER 8 ANALYSIS OF THE NOVEL:
Page 347 and 348:
131 forging identities, about great
Page 349 and 350:
133
Page 351 and 352:
135 However if analysed theoretical
Page 353 and 354:
344)__(TT.p: 242-258), are some of
Page 355 and 356:
Political slogans have not even bee
Page 357 and 358:
uthta, aur koi bhi gootnoo per utta
Page 359 and 360:
143 Kia maangta hai - kiyoon aya? G
Page 361 and 362:
One misses in the Englsih version,
Page 363 and 364:
The author in the ST has employed a
Page 365 and 366:
The Fourth and final part in both t
Page 367 and 368:
9.1.1 Purpose/ Justification CHAPTE
Page 369 and 370:
3. Dr Attash Durrani: 153 He has a
Page 371 and 372:
9.1.9 Standards of Survey Research
Page 373 and 374:
On the whole, all the respondents s
Page 375 and 376:
freedom and limitation.Dr Ikram Aza
Page 377 and 378:
It is for the same reasons that non
Page 379 and 380:
CHAPTER 10 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMEND
Page 381 and 382:
What is required at the moment is t
Page 383 and 384:
different things. Gregory Rebassa i
Page 385 and 386:
different people: the author, the e
Page 387 and 388:
from Aristotle to recent reading th
Page 389 and 390:
In Translation, there is no such th
Page 391 and 392:
175 control of the translator. The
Page 393 and 394:
achievement occurs in Art. If one w
Page 395 and 396:
its slips of vocabulary. It is far
Page 397 and 398:
181 In translations, language shoul
Page 399 and 400:
entailed responsibility, is at the
Page 401 and 402:
Linguistics to describe Translation
Page 403 and 404:
it. So, while there must be theoret
Page 405 and 406:
189 Translation includes in itself,
Page 407 and 408:
how they do it. They will need abov
Page 409 and 410:
exists in other developed countries
Page 411 and 412:
linguistics relevant to translation
Page 413 and 414:
and are not comprehendible to reade
Page 415 and 416:
TOWARDS CURRICULUM PLANNING AND 199
Page 417 and 418:
The following models have been rese
Page 419 and 420:
translation instruction as a unique
Page 421 and 422:
205 11.4 CONTRIBUTION OF THE RESEAR
Page 423 and 424:
11.5 THE RESEARCHERS SUGGESTED MODE
Page 425 and 426:
Select Student and Course Evaluatio
Page 427 and 428:
SEMESTER 3 S. Course Title of Cours
Page 429 and 430:
213 hurculean task, the basic found
Page 431 and 432:
REFERENCES Allen,S. (Ed.). (1999).
Page 433 and 434:
Durrani, A. (Jan, 1993). Urdu Dunya
Page 435 and 436:
Leighton, L. (Ed. & Trans.).(1984).
Page 437 and 438:
Shahid, H.M. (1989). Sir Abdul Qadi
Page 439 and 440:
PROCEDURAL KNOWLEDGE; PRODUCTION AN
Page 441 and 442:
RECEPTION OF TEXT SURFACE PARSING I
Page 443 and 444:
Table 2 Schema Of Textual Filters T
Page 445 and 446:
Figure 5 Psycholinguistic Model of
Page 447 and 448:
A. Literary translation General lan
Page 449 and 450:
Table 03 CONCORD OF GENDER: MUSCULI
Page 451 and 452:
APPENDIX C Table 1 Parts of Speech
Page 453 and 454:
3.5 Past Continuative Habitual : la
Page 455 and 456:
3.11 Present Progressive : / lar∂
Page 457 and 458:
3.17 Simple Future: / laega / (will
Page 459 and 460:
� NAME: � AGE: � ACADEMIC BAC
Page 461 and 462:
Q2: Does Translation process involv
Page 463 and 464:
xxvi
Page 465 and 466:
xxviii
Page 467 and 468:
xxx
Page 469 and 470:
PART-I xxxii Q.1 Approx about all t
Page 471 and 472:
REPLY 3. DR. NAEEM KLASRA PROFILE x
Page 473 and 474:
xxxvi When I completed translation
Page 475 and 476:
xxxviii ANS:- It is must to have ap
Page 477 and 478:
4:- Should have acquaintance about
Page 479 and 480:
REPLY 4. DR ASIF FARRUKHI xlii
Page 481 and 482:
xliv
Page 483 and 484:
REPLY 6. DR IKRAM AZAM xlvi
Page 485 and 486:
xlviii
show all

constructing pathways to translation - Higher Education Commission

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?