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History of Natto and Its Relatives (1405-2012 - SoyInfo Center

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to Korea, chemical composition <strong>of</strong> all soybeans. How to<br />

use soybeans: Foods <strong>and</strong> processed soybean foods (sauces,<br />

tempeh, natto), industrial uses. Nutritional composition <strong>of</strong><br />

soybeans: Common components, protein <strong>and</strong> amino acids<br />

(protein, essential amino acids, necessary protein intake,<br />

necessary amino intake, chemical score, biological value <strong>of</strong><br />

soybean protein, the need to heat soy protein, the use <strong>of</strong> soy<br />

protein as a protein supplement), soybean oil (components <strong>of</strong><br />

soybean oil, oil assimilation / absorption), other nutritional<br />

components (carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals), references.<br />

II. T<strong>of</strong>u. Introduction. Kinds <strong>of</strong> t<strong>of</strong>u <strong>and</strong> production:<br />

Soybean curd (production in factories, production at home,<br />

instant t<strong>of</strong>u, kinugoshi t<strong>of</strong>u, grilled t<strong>of</strong>u, frozen t<strong>of</strong>u, how<br />

to freeze <strong>and</strong> dry t<strong>of</strong>u). Movement <strong>of</strong> nutritional values<br />

during t<strong>of</strong>u processing: Movement <strong>of</strong> common nutrients,<br />

movement <strong>of</strong> amino acids. Nutritional components <strong>of</strong> t<strong>of</strong>u:<br />

T<strong>of</strong>u protein, t<strong>of</strong>u protein as a protein supplement, digestion<br />

<strong>of</strong> t<strong>of</strong>u, calories in t<strong>of</strong>u, fat <strong>and</strong> cholesterol, minerals <strong>and</strong><br />

vitamins, toxins, hwe bun in t<strong>of</strong>u. T<strong>of</strong>u <strong>and</strong> group meals:<br />

School meals in Japan, in America, in Korea. T<strong>of</strong>u factories<br />

<strong>and</strong> associations involved with t<strong>of</strong>u: Member list <strong>of</strong> food<br />

associations in Korea, regular member <strong>and</strong> extra member<br />

list <strong>of</strong> t<strong>of</strong>u packaging associations in Japan, directory <strong>of</strong> t<strong>of</strong>u<br />

shops <strong>and</strong> factories in North America, in Europe, in other<br />

countries, list <strong>of</strong> companies selling t<strong>of</strong>u coagulants, list <strong>of</strong><br />

t<strong>of</strong>u restaurants in Japan. References.<br />

III. Soy sprouts. Introduction. Production <strong>of</strong> soy sprouts:<br />

Soybean varieties, selecting <strong>and</strong> washing the soybeans,<br />

soaking, watering the sprouts, machines for cultivating<br />

soy sprouts, maintenance. Nutritional composition <strong>of</strong> soy<br />

sprouts: Common nutrients, increase <strong>of</strong> vitamin C during<br />

growth, changes in vitamin C during heating, changes in<br />

rib<strong>of</strong>l avin during heating. Glossary.<br />

Soybeans arrived in Korea in about 200 B.C. (p. 11).<br />

Contains many useful tables. Address: Korea.<br />

921. Product Name: [<strong>Natto</strong>, Agé, Okara].<br />

Foreign Name: <strong>Natto</strong>, Ague, Okara.<br />

Manufacturer’s Name: Agro-Nippo Produtos Alimenticios<br />

Ltda.<br />

Manufacturer’s Address: Av. José Alves de Mira 185,<br />

Piribuba, Sao Paulo, Brazil.<br />

Date <strong>of</strong> Introduction: 1982.<br />

New Product–Documentation: Letter from Jane Cadwell<br />

Pautz in Sao Paulo, Brazil. 1982. May 29. The company sells<br />

natto, sprouts (mung bean type), agé (ague); sometimes they<br />

sell the okara in the open market.<br />

Note: We have no idea when each <strong>of</strong> these products<br />

was introduced. This is the earliest known commercial natto<br />

maker in Brazil.<br />

922. Kim, K.J.; Ryu, M.K.; Kim, S.S. 1982. [Chungkookjang<br />

koji fermentation with rice straw]. Hanguk Sikp’um<br />

Kwahakhoe Chi (Korean J. <strong>of</strong> Food Science <strong>and</strong> Technology)<br />

© Copyright Soyinfo <strong>Center</strong> <strong>2012</strong><br />

HISTORY OF NATTO AND ITS RELATIVES 300<br />

14(4):301-08. [33 ref. Kor; eng]<br />

Address: 1&3. Dep. <strong>of</strong> Food Science & Nutrition, Sook<br />

Myung Woman’s Univ., Seoul 140; 2. Lab. <strong>of</strong> Sampyo Food<br />

Indust. Co., Ltd., Seoul 131, South Korea.<br />

923. Ryo, S. 1982. [Food <strong>and</strong> vitamin K in breast milk].<br />

Shusanki Igaku (Perinatal Medicine) 12:1101-06. (Chem.<br />

Abst. 97:214711). [Jap]*<br />

924. Suh, Jeong-Sook; Lee, S.G.; Ryu, M.K. 1982. [Effect <strong>of</strong><br />

bacillus strains on Chungkook-jang processing. II. Changes<br />

<strong>of</strong> the components <strong>and</strong> enzyme activities during the storage<br />

<strong>of</strong> Chungkook-jang]. Hanguk Sikp’um Kwahakhoe Chi<br />

(Korean J. <strong>of</strong> Food Science <strong>and</strong> Technology) 14(4):309-14.<br />

[23 ref. Kor; eng]<br />

Address: 1-2. Seoul Junior Health College, Seoul 100; 3.<br />

Lab. <strong>of</strong> Sampyo Food Indust. Co., Ltd., Seoul 132.<br />

925. Aihara, Cornellia. 1982. The dô <strong>of</strong> cooking: Complete<br />

macrobiotic cooking for the seasons. Oroville, California:<br />

GOMF Press (George Ohsawa Macrobiotic Foundation). 230<br />

p. Illust. by Carl Campbell. Index. 28 cm.<br />

• Summary: This is a compendium <strong>of</strong> four seasonal<br />

cookbooks, each with the title The Dô <strong>of</strong> Cooking (Ryorido),<br />

fi rst published individually in 1971. Contents: Preface.<br />

Introduction. Selecting good foods. The secret <strong>of</strong> cooking.<br />

Spring. Summer. Autumn. Winter. Glossary. Cutting styles.<br />

Topical index (within each major food category {grains,<br />

grains with vegetables, seaweeds, beans <strong>and</strong> t<strong>of</strong>u, etc.},<br />

recipes are listed alphabetically). Recipe index (<strong>of</strong> all<br />

recipes).<br />

Contains many recipes calling for: Miso, natto, t<strong>of</strong>u<br />

(regular, deep-fried, <strong>and</strong> frozen). Also: Amazake, azuki<br />

beans, kuzu, mochi, sea vegetables, seitan (wheat gluten),<br />

sesame seeds <strong>and</strong> gomashio.<br />

Near the front <strong>of</strong> the book is a biographical sketch<br />

<strong>and</strong> photo <strong>of</strong> Cornellia Aihara. She was born in 1926 in<br />

Fukushima, Northern Japan. She learned macrobiotics from<br />

George Ohsawa when he came to her town (Aizuwakamatsu)<br />

for lectures; this changed her life. While in school, she<br />

began corresponding with Herman Aihara, who was living<br />

in New York. In 1955 he invited her to New York. Although<br />

they had never met, she trusted him <strong>and</strong> went to American<br />

with only ten dollars in her pocket. They were married soon<br />

after her arrival in New York. There they engaged in retail<br />

business. When Mr. <strong>and</strong> Mrs. Ohsawa came to the USA from<br />

Europe, Cornellia studied macrobiotic cooking by helping<br />

Mrs. Lima Ohsawa at the fi rst macrobiotic summer camps<br />

on Long Isl<strong>and</strong> in 1960; in the Catskill Mountains in 1961;<br />

at the University <strong>of</strong> California at Chico in 1963; <strong>and</strong> at the<br />

Big Sur Camp in 1964. Since 1961 Cornellia has devoted her<br />

life to the teaching <strong>of</strong> macrobiotic cooking, childcare, home<br />

remedies, <strong>and</strong> philosophy. Since 1965 Cornellia <strong>and</strong> Herman<br />

Aihara have organized fourteen macrobiotic summer camps

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