History of Natto and Its Relatives (1405-2012 - SoyInfo Center

Ammonium Carbonate.
“* Sarton is a preparation of the bean for use as a
diabetic food.
“Soya Oil has Iodine value 121 to 123. Cowie found 131
(Chemist and Druggist 1910, p. 66). For further characters
see (Pharmaceutical Journal and Pharmacist (London)
1911, p. 407).” See also p. 563.
In Vol. II, the section titled “Lecithin” (p. 76) states
that it is a “Mono-amino Phosphatide” and contains a table
listing the percentage of lecithin contained in 17 substances,
including: Brain 160. Spinal cord 11.0. Nerve tissue (dry)
17.0. Kidneys 8.5. Egg yolk 12.0. Lupin seeds 2.0. Yeast
(dry) 2.0. The soybean is not mentioned. A test of purity of
lecithin made from fresh egg yolk, and the determination of
lecithin in preparations are described.
William Martindale lived 1840-1902. Volume I also
discusses Gluten (p. 546–Synonym: Vegetable Albumin),
Diabetic foods (p. 546-47, incl. starchless bread; soy is not
mentioned), Oleum sesami Sesame Oil (p. 571; also called
Benné oil, gingelli oil, teel oil), Arachis Hypogæa (p. 805;
also called Pea Nut, Ground Nut, Goober Nut, Manilla grain
[Manila grain], Chinese Almond).
Volume II also discusses “glutin” (p. 86-89), proprietary
medicines (incl. Ovaltine, and Pinkham’s (Mrs. Lydia E.)
Vegetable Compound, p. 162-63). Address: 1. Ph.D., F.C.S.;
2. M.B.Lond., D.P.H.
119. Piper, C.V.; Morse, W.J. 1916. The soy bean, with
special reference to its utilization for oil, cake, and other
products. USDA Bulletin No. 439. 20 p. Dec. 22. [9 ref]
• Summary: Contents: Introduction. Soy beans in
Manchuria. Soy beans in Japan. Soy beans in Europe. Soy
beans in the United States. Methods of oil extraction. Soybean
meal as human food. Soy-bean meal as stock feed.
Soy-bean meal as fertilizer. Uses of soy-bean oil. Analysis of
important varieties of soy beans. Possibility of developing a
manufacturing industry with American-grown soy beans.
“Analyses of important varieties of soy beans (p.
16-17):... In determining the range in the oil and protein
contents of over 500 varieties grown in the variety tests at
Arlington Farm, Virginia, the percentage of oil was found
to range from 11.8 to 22.5 [Tokyo had 20.7% and Biloxi
had 20.3% oil] and of protein from 31 to 46.9 [Chiquita had
46.9% protein]... At the present time the Mammoth Yellow
variety is the most generally grown throughout the South and
is the one used in the production of oil. The yellow-seeded
varieties, which are most suitable for the production of oil
and meal, contain the highest percentage of oil.
“Environment has been found to be a potent factor
in the percentage of oil in the same variety. Considerable
differences occur in oil content when soybeans are grown
in different localities. The Haberlandt variety grown in
Mississippi, North Carolina, Missouri, Virginia, and Ohio
gave the following percentages of oil, respectively: 25.4,
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HISTORY OF NATTO AND ITS RELATIVES 74
22.8, 19.8, 18.3, 17.5; while the Mammoth Yellow variety
grown in Alabama, South Carolina, Tennessee, North
Carolina, and Virginia gave, respectively, 21.2, 19.6, 19.5,
18.4, and 18.8. Variety tests conducted in various parts of
the country indicate a higher percentage of oil with the same
variety for southern-grown seed. Similar results have been
obtained in Manchuria, the North Manchurian beans showing
an oil content of 15 to 17 percent and the South Manchurian
beans from 18 to 20 percent.”
Photos (both by Frank N. Meyer) show: (1) A fl eet of
junks carrying soy beans to Newchwang, Manchuria.
(2) Coolies at Newchwang, carrying loads of soy beans
from junks to big stacks.
An outline map of the USA (p. 8) shows the area to
which the soy bean is especially adapted for growing for
oil production. The area of double hatching shows that it
is especially well suited to the Deep South. The northern
boundary of the area were it is “less certain of profi table
production” includes the southern one-third of Ohio, Indiana,
and Illinois, and most of Missouri. On the west, the “less
certain” area includes the eastern one-third of Nebraska,
Oklahoma, and Texas.
Tables show: 1. “Exports of soy beans, bean cake,
and bean oil from the principal ports of South Manchuria
(Antung, Dairen, Newchwang), 1909 to 1913, inclusive.” 2.
“Quantity and value of exports of soy beans and soy-bean
oil from Japan to foreign countries, 1913 and 1914.” The
countries are: China, United Kingdom, France, Germany,
Belgium, United States, Hawaii, British America, Australia,
other countries. 3. “Quantity of imports of soy beans, soybean
cake, and soy-bean oil from Dairen, Manchuria, into
Japan, 1911 to 1914, inclusive. The greatest imports were
of soy-bean cake, followed by soy beans, with only small
amounts of oil.
(4) “Quantity and value of imports of soy beans, bean
cake, and bean oil by European countries, 1912 to 1914,
inclusive.” The countries are: Austria, Belgium, France,
Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Russia, Sweden, United
Kingdom. In 1912, the UK imported the most soy beans,
while Netherlands imported the most cake and oil. (5)
“Quantity and value of imports of soy beans, soy-bean cake
(Footnote: Includes bean cake [perhaps fermented tofu or
canned regular tofu], or bean stick [perhaps dried yuba
sticks], miso, or similar products, with duty, 40 per cent) and
soy-bean oil into the United States, 1910 to 1915, inclusive.”
The quantity of soy bean imports was greatest in 1915 with
3.837 million lb. The quantity of soy-bean cake imports was
greatest in 1913 with 7.005 million lb. The quantity of soybean
oil imports was greatest in 1911 with 41.106 million lb.
“Prior to 1914 soy beans were not classifi ed separately in the
customs returns” (p. 9). (6) “Composition of soy-bean fl our
in comparison with wheat fl our, corn meal, rye fl our, Graham
fl our, and whole-wheat fl our.”
(7) “Value of a short ton of soy-bean cake and other oil