History of Natto and Its Relatives (1405-2012 - SoyInfo Center

and methods of treatment. Uses of the oil. Soy beans as
forage. Enemies of the soy bean. Method of shipment from
the East.
“The fi rst systematic trials [with soy beans] were
initiated about 1903 at Skinner’s Court, on the Springbok
Flats, and at the Natal Experiment Farms, Cedara, Weenen,
and Winkle Spruit. These latter were continued until the
season 1910-1911 when the fi eld trials referred to above [by
the Transvaal and Natal Departments of Agriculture] were
carried out by the Department of Agriculture in conjunction
with Messrs. Lever Bros. and a large number of farmers” (p.
519).
The best yields during the 1910-11 season at the three
Natal Experiment Farms were: At Cedara: Haberlandt 2,000
lb/acre. Winkle Spruit: Mammoth Yellow 1,191 lb/acre.
Weenen: Mammoth Yellow 1,400 lb/acre.
“Method of shipment from the East. The beans are
shipped in bags, vessels are well dunnaged, and a large
number of wooden pipe ventilators are placed in the ships’
holds to keep the cargo from getting heated. The beans, on
a long voyage from Eastern Asia to Europe, being liable to
sweat, are sometimes dried before shipment.”
Tables show experimental yields and chemical
compositions of soy beans from different countries and soyrelated
products. A diagram (outline-form) shows the various
ways in which plants and seeds of soy beans are utilized.
Note: This is the earliest English-language document seen
(Feb. 24) that uses the term “soy-bean curd” to refer to
tofu. Address: Ing. D., Prof. of Chemistry, Grey University
College, Bloemfontein [Orange Free State, South Africa].
144. Ubbelohde, Leo. 1920. I. Oele und Fette aus Pfl anzen.
B. Schwachtrocknende Oele [I. Oils and fats from plants.
B. Semi-drying oils]. In: Leo Ubbelohde & F. Goldschmidt,
eds. 1920. Handbuch der Chemie und Technologie der Oele
und Fette: Chemie, Analyse, Gewinnung und Verarbeitung
der Oele, Wachse und Harze. II. Band [Handbook of the
Chemistry and Technology of Oils and Fats: Chemistry,
Analysis, Extraction, and Processing of Oils, Fats, Waxes,
and Resins. Vol. 2]. Leipzig, Germany: Verlag von S. Hirzel.
p. 137-322. See p. 282-93. Illust. Index. 25 cm. [Ger]
• Summary: No. 182, “Soybean oil (Sojabohnenöl),” has
the following contents: Names: Huile de Soja. Soja bean
oil. Chinese bean oil. Olio di Soia. Introduction: Botanical,
varieties, culture, composition of the beans (2 tables),
lecithin content, urease. Various preparations from soybeans:
European (Sarton powder / Sartonpulver made by Bayer
& Co.; Soyap made by Firma Zinnert), Asian (fl our, bread,
milk, cheese, canned / tinned foods, soya sauce {Sojasauce}
and the so-called soya-quark {Sojaquark} [tofu, containing
72.1 to 73.0% water], natto), diabetic bread, soy sauce.
Production of soybean oil. Properties of soybean oil. Use of
soybean oil. Soybean cake (Sojabohnenkuchen, Sojakuchen).
Commerce and trade.
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HISTORY OF NATTO AND ITS RELATIVES 86
Also discusses: Sesame oil (p. 196-206). Address: 1.
Prof. Dr., Karlsruhe [Germany].
145. Adkins, Dorothy Margaret. 1921. The soya-bean
problem. Science Progress (London) 15(59):445-51. Jan. [9
ref]
• Summary: This is a popular article. Contents: Introduction.
Practical applications of the bean: Food uses include Tofu,
or bean cheese (Japanese), Miso similar to chiang (Chinese),
Shoyu (Japanese) and chiang-yu (Chinese), Natto (Japanese),
whole dry soybeans, soybeans canned as a green vegetable
(see description below), vegetable milk, soya-beans roasted,
ground and used as a coffee substitute in Switzerland and
the USA, soya fl our, soya in diabetic diets and macaroni.
Utilisation of soya-bean oil: In Italy, China, Manchuria.
Utilisation of soya-bean cake and meal: As fertilizer in China
and Japan, for feeding stock. Food value of the bean. The
cultivation of the soya bean: China, Japan, United States,
Australia (New South Wales), South Africa, West Indies,
British East Africa, West Africa, Burmah [Burma], England.
“In Japan beans are germinated until the sprouts are
about fi ve inches long, and eaten with vinegar; beans,
germinated and treated with brine, have also been noted in
Spain.” Note: It is not stated clearly that these beans in Japan
or Spain are soya beans.
“Soya-beans may be cooked and used in the same way
as haricot-beans, and may also be picked when young and
treated like green peas, in which condition they may be
canned.”
“In South Africa success has been achieved in growing
the plant; in 1910 the outlook was so hopeful that a project
for constructing oil mills was suggested. Unfortunately the
bean was not taken up by farmers, who preferred to cultivate
maize, as it was an easier crop to produce. Thus no extensive
culture of the bean was attempted, and the subject was
dropped.
“In other parts of the Empire, for example the West
Indies, British East Africa and West Africa, trials of soyabeans
have proved successful, but in no district have
promising early experiments been followed by tests on a
larger scale.”
“In certain parts of India, for example Burmah, soyabeans
are grown on a large scale and are consumed by the
natives.”
Note: “Lower Burma is a historical region, referring to
the part of Burma annexed by the British Empire after the
Second Anglo-Burmese War, which took place in 1852...
Lower Burma was centered at Rangoon, and composed of
all of the coast of modern Burma, and also the lower basin
of the Irrawaddy River, including Prome. The area was also
known as British Burma” (Source: Wikipedia, Oct. 2010).
Address: Royal Holloway College, London.
146. Henmi, H. 1921. Nattô no kôso ni tsuite [The enzymes