constructing pathways to translation - Higher Education Commission

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TABLE OF CONTENTS Page DISSERTATION AND DEFENSE APPROVAL FORM------------------------ii CANDIDATE DECLARATION FORM-------------------------------------------iii ABSTRACT-----------------------------------------------------------------------------iv TABLE OF CONTENTS--------------------------------------------------------------v LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES------------------------------------------------xiv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS----------------------------------------------------------xvi DEDICATION------------------------------------------------------------------------ xvii Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION-----------------------------------------------------------------------01 1.1 The term ‘Translation’------------------------------------------------------------01 1.2 Translation Pedagogy/theory----------------------------------------------------02 1.3 Implications of Theories/ Pedagogy, Models and Analogies in Translation-------------------------------------------------------------------------05 1.4 The Role of the Transla<strong>to</strong>r-------------------------------------------------------08 1.5 Towards Contemporary Translation Theory: 20 th -21 st Centuries----------10 1.6 Statement of the Problem--------------------------------------------------------19 1.7 Reasons for Undertaking the Research----------------------------------------19 1.8 Benefits of Research-------------------------------------------------------------20 1.9 Research Objectives--------------------------------------------------------------21 1.10 Research Questions--------------------------------------------------------------22 1.11 Research Design------------------------------------------------------------------22 1.12 Structure of Dissertation---------------------------------------------------------23 vi
Chapter 2 LITERATURE REVIEW-----------------------------------------------------27 TOWARS THE DEVELOPMENT OF TRANSLATION THEORY: TEXT CYBERNETICS, TRANSLATION PEDAGOGY AND PROCESS------27 2.1 Introduction---------------------------------------------------------------------------------27 2.2 Evolution of Text Linguistics------------------------------------------------------------30 2.3 Standards of Textuality-------------------------------------------------------------------32 2.4 The Procedural Approach: Production and Reception of the Text-----------------34 2.5 Translation and the Meaning Problem-------------------------------------------------39 2.5.1 Lexical Meaning and Translation Problem----------------------------------39 2.5.2 Literal Meaning and Translation Problem-----------------------------------40 Page 2.5.3 Connotative meaning and Translation Problem-----------------------------41 2.5.4 Semantic fields and Lexical sets---------------------------------------------41 2.6 Equivalence-------------------------------------------------------------------------------43 2.6.1 Equivalence at Word Level----------------------------------------------------43 2.6.2 Equivalence Above Word Level----------------------------------------------48 2.6.3 Grammatical equivalence-----------------------------------------------------60 2.6.4 Textural Equivalence Thematic and Information Structures-------------66 2.6.5 Textural Equivalence: Cohesion----------------------------------------------77 2.6.6 Pragmatic Equivalence: Coherence-------------------------------------------83 2.6.7 Cultural Equivalence------------------------------------------------------------95 2.7 Prose Designs, Text Structures in Translation--------------------------------------104 2.7.1 Contextual Configurations--------------------------------------------------106 2.7.2 The Limits of Structure Modification in Prose Text--------------------107 2.7.3 Basic Text Designs---------------------------------------------------------109 2.8 Translation Criticism/ Critique----------------------------------------------------110 2.8.1 Plan of criticism--------------------------------------------------------------110 2.8.2 The Translation’s Future ---------------------------------------------------115 2.9 Conclusion----------------------------------------------------------------------------112 vii
Page 1 and 2: CONSTRUCTING PATHWAYS TO TRANSLATIO
Page 3 and 4: NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF MODERN LANGU
Page 5: ABSTRACT The study touches upon all
Page 9 and 10: Chapter 4 URDU TRANSLATION: PROCESS
Page 11 and 12: Chapter 07 Page ANALYSIS OF THE NOV
Page 13 and 14: xiii Page 10.2.8 The use of Cogniti
Page 15 and 16: 11.3 Researcher’s Suggested Model
Page 17 and 18: ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xvii I owe a debt o
Page 19 and 20: DEDICATED TO MY FATHER Citadel of P
Page 21 and 22: When? Is concerned with the time of
Page 23 and 24: 3. Translation: the abstract concep
Page 25 and 26: A theory/pedagogy is an explanation
Page 27 and 28: 3. Models of the dynamics of the pr
Page 29 and 30: a domain dominated by mimesis, but
Page 31 and 32: candidates such as ‘translatology
Page 33 and 34: Figure 1.5 Applied Translation Stud
Page 35 and 36: translation research, or felt that
Page 37 and 38: quantifiable textual and extra- tex
Page 39 and 40: considerable unease and puzzlement
Page 41 and 42: � To build this outline into a Mo
Page 43 and 44: of Translation and Text Linguistics
Page 45 and 46: ways of talking more sensibly about
Page 47 and 48: At word Level TRANSLATION PEDAGOGY
Page 49 and 50: Table 2.1. Text -types, Forms and S
Page 51 and 52: A still different line has been ado
Page 53 and 54: otherwise, but caution must be exer
Page 55 and 56: Figure 2.3 Reception and Production
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Parser Lexical Search Mechanism Sou
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the boundaries of such elements are
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phenomenon. The actual words and ex
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c. The SL Word is Semantically Comp
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Language. ‘Dilentante’ is a loa
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7. Translation by Omission: If the
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particularly significant in a given
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. An idiom or fixed expression may
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Naturalness and readability means t
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The above discussion and practical
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iv. Translation of Puns: If the pur
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supported with an attribute, unless
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In practice, the lack of grammatica
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All this amounts to the fact that i
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2.6.4 TEXTURAL EQUIVALENCE: THEMATI
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a. It acts as a part of orientation
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and transitivity in system, is that
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2.6.4.3 Thematic structure; Text Or
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The concepts of theme/rheme determi
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-description). This can then be fol
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Reference Substitution Junction End
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the chunking of information, how mu
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In translations, it is impossible t
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is linked as explanatory coherence,
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Figure 2.9 Variation: Use and User
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In the main, accessibility is a fun
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the manner in which the message is
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in the TT the effects it has on the
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Figure 2.11 Relationship between La
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features with their roots in the So
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Third, in planning translation stra
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100 assessing the segment of the Ta
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I. Compensation in Kind 102 This re
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104 The traced Pedagogy has, theref
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2.7.1 CONTEXTUAL CONFIGURATION 106
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108 Sequences. A Sequence in a text
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110 All this configuration is of gr
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112 taken into consideration is tha
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CHAPTER 3 114 IMPLICATIONS OF LITER
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116 constraints on the reader, writ
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118 Translation, then, is a visible
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120 The practice of translators als
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122 In order to be ethical, we have
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124 second is Foreignizing method,
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126 Equivalence can be established
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128 Association that takes place wi
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130 Within the model, attention nee
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132 typical of contemporary psycho-
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134 All Text Processing is, to a la
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136 operate under a different set o
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138 3.5.5 A HEURISTIC FOR RESEARCH
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140 level of the sentence. Furtherm
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142 often been argued that translat
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144 a. It is an activity, which, by
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146 Some characteristics can be und
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148 3.6.4 CONCLUSION Finally, Secon
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150 the world’s languages. Accord
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152 Thus the development of Urdu pr
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154 According to historians, the mi
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156 phase. The entire literary scen
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158 In 1950, Bakir Hussain Syed in
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160 stands for the great sin(Gunah-
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162 3. Introduce new inputs and to
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5. Genres (Keinda) and the spirit o
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166 connotations of the word ‘Def
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168 should, therefore, be given to
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170 there is ambiguity, but it is r
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4.5.8 Differences in Expressions -
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174 Translation Pedagogy and Proces
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176 The problems faced by Urdu theo
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178 least six various forms; Ro par
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180 number of advantages for meetin
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182 Muqtadira Quami Zuban (National
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184 language. The committee constit
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186 Hussain, translating the litera
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188 beings, because both are the so
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Chapter 05 TABLE OF CONTENTS RESEAR
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Chapter 08 iv Page ANALYSIS OF THE
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vi Page 11.3 Initial steps that hel
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11.3 Researcher’s Suggested Model
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CHAPTER 5 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND
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From Urdu into English: 1- Novel: K
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5.1.9 Coding Categories All Coding
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5.2 ANALYSIS OF THE NOVEL ‘THE OL
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the man and Marlin at opposite ends
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Boorhey ney Dolphin key halq sey ka
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2-ST. p: 3. He never went turtling.
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ST. p: 10. He left the smell of the
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---------(missing)Ye khar-e- Istikh
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Khush qismati to kai andaz mein aan
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TT.P:46. Sirgasoon bootiyon keh aik
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2. Measures: ST. p:10. There was a
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The sun rose thinly from the sea an
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Boorhey macheron main sey kai doser
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1: Voice Change ST. p:11. There was
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2.Substitution ST. p:80. The boy we
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Aik aurat ki nazar machli ki aik az
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I ‘ll kill him through, ‘he sai
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esides the great birds and beasts.
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On the brown walls of the flattened
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Aay mariyam! to baes-i-i khudawandi
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As for grammatical equivalence: num
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aspect which are absolutely contrar
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CHAPTER 6 ANALYSIS OF THE NOVEL :
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Characters lack names; such epithet
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deconstructive reading of these opp
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TT. P: 294. Un sipahiyon ko apni kh
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TT. p: 265. Hamayshaa tum jahiloon
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Bohat sey sipahee mutawatar sar uta
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2- Cliche Metaphors ST. p:22. In th
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Us ney kuch tammul key saath yeh bh
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Wo aik aysey shagen ko itmanan sey
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Pattion or Tehnioon ka acha khasa m
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The longest speech of the novel on
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Jab wo yoon andha dhundh barrha cha
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TT. p:10. ‘Jim, Kiya baat hay’
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3. Impersonality and Accessibility
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You talk as if you thought you was
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3. Compensation by Merging ST. p: 1
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B.Compound phrases Adjective & Noun
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and untranslatable. But the plot an
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CHAPTER 7 ANALYSIS OF THE NOVEL ‘
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The first domestic strand of the na
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did not have an auxiliary role, but
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ST. p:54 -Alu choolay TT. p:38 Pota
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Khushk pate rukruk kar us tahra kha
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ST. p: 76 TT . p: 48 ST . p:118 TT.
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Ghabraen nahi TT. P:40 There’s no
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ST. p: 1 64 Donoo darakhtoon key ne
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2. ST. p: 364 Us ke awaz us waqat p
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3.4 Translation of Puns ST .p: 216
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TT. p:16 103 Nausha lowered his eye
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Norouz hairat se chonk para. iskool
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But I shall be here when you want m
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5. Voice ST. p:386 Car start hoyi o
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Aaj paanch haramzade mare gai TT. p
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TT. p: 50 Leaning over to Akbar he
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It was her dearest desire to put he
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4. ST. p: 39 Abey thater chalta hai
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Qadam qadam tokhrein khaney key bad
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Nausha jail mein tha aur phansi key
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TT : p.160. R aise the truth up to
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125 7.5 FINDINGS OF THEORETICAL ANA
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impersonal but lacks spontaneity an
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CHAPTER 8 ANALYSIS OF THE NOVEL:
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131 forging identities, about great
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133
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135 However if analysed theoretical
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344)__(TT.p: 242-258), are some of
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Political slogans have not even bee
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uthta, aur koi bhi gootnoo per utta
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143 Kia maangta hai - kiyoon aya? G
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One misses in the Englsih version,
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The author in the ST has employed a
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The Fourth and final part in both t
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9.1.1 Purpose/ Justification CHAPTE
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3. Dr Attash Durrani: 153 He has a
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9.1.9 Standards of Survey Research
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On the whole, all the respondents s
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freedom and limitation.Dr Ikram Aza
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It is for the same reasons that non
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CHAPTER 10 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMEND
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What is required at the moment is t
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different things. Gregory Rebassa i
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different people: the author, the e
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from Aristotle to recent reading th
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In Translation, there is no such th
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175 control of the translator. The
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achievement occurs in Art. If one w
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its slips of vocabulary. It is far
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181 In translations, language shoul
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entailed responsibility, is at the
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Linguistics to describe Translation
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it. So, while there must be theoret
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189 Translation includes in itself,
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how they do it. They will need abov
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exists in other developed countries
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linguistics relevant to translation
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and are not comprehendible to reade
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TOWARDS CURRICULUM PLANNING AND 199
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The following models have been rese
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translation instruction as a unique
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205 11.4 CONTRIBUTION OF THE RESEAR
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11.5 THE RESEARCHERS SUGGESTED MODE
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Select Student and Course Evaluatio
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SEMESTER 3 S. Course Title of Cours
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213 hurculean task, the basic found
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REFERENCES Allen,S. (Ed.). (1999).
Page 433 and 434:
Durrani, A. (Jan, 1993). Urdu Dunya
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Leighton, L. (Ed. & Trans.).(1984).
Page 437 and 438:
Shahid, H.M. (1989). Sir Abdul Qadi
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PROCEDURAL KNOWLEDGE; PRODUCTION AN
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RECEPTION OF TEXT SURFACE PARSING I
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Table 2 Schema Of Textual Filters T
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Figure 5 Psycholinguistic Model of
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A. Literary translation General lan
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Table 03 CONCORD OF GENDER: MUSCULI
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APPENDIX C Table 1 Parts of Speech
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3.5 Past Continuative Habitual : la
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3.11 Present Progressive : / lar∂
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3.17 Simple Future: / laega / (will
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� NAME: � AGE: � ACADEMIC BAC
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Q2: Does Translation process involv
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xxvi
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xxviii
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xxx
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PART-I xxxii Q.1 Approx about all t
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REPLY 3. DR. NAEEM KLASRA PROFILE x
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xxxvi When I completed translation
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xxxviii ANS:- It is must to have ap
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4:- Should have acquaintance about
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REPLY 4. DR ASIF FARRUKHI xlii
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xliv
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REPLY 6. DR IKRAM AZAM xlvi
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xlviii
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