cameron and green making-sense-of-change-management

Leading changeBass: proof that visionary leadership works!Bass (in Bryman, 1992) developed the notion of transformation leadership,which many managers find meaningful and helpful. He distinguishedbetween transactional leadership and transformationalleadership (see box), and identified through extensive research thatcharismatic and inspirational leadership were the components most likelyto be associated with leadership success.TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIPTransformational leadership involves the leader raising the followers’sense of purpose and levels of motivation. The aims of the leader andthe followers combine into one purpose, and the leader raises thefollowers’ confidence and expectations of themselves. Transformationalleadership comprises:• charisma;• inspiration;• intellectual stimulation;• individualized consideration.Transactional leadership is simply an exchange in which the leadershands over rewards when followers meet expectations.• contingent reward;• management by exception.Source: Bryman (1992)Gardner: the need for leaders to embody a storyHoward Gardner’s (1996) influential research into the nature ofsuccessful leaders gave rise to some interesting lessons about visionaryleadership. He chose 11 20th century leaders who have really made adifference, and researched their lives and their work by reading theirbiographies and tracking down any speeches, letters, audiotapes andvideotapes that were available.He chose a mixture of different types of leader, combining businessleaders, political leaders and those who influenced our thinking and147