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"evropuli qartia saqarTvelo "European Charter for Regional or ...

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From 1865 until today many Ge<strong>or</strong>gians struggled actively to protect<br />

their hist<strong>or</strong>ical native language – Ge<strong>or</strong>gian language and on the basis<br />

of reasonable, well-founded arguments rejected the so-called four<br />

languages’ "the<strong>or</strong>y" that was obtruded by the Russian empire aiming at<br />

fragmenting Ge<strong>or</strong>gians linguistically and ethnically; the following is a<br />

part of clergy and public figures of the last two centuries: Ivane Kereselidze,<br />

Dimitri Bakradze, Saint Ilia the Righteous (Chavchavadze), Akaki<br />

Tsereteli, Dimitri Kipiani, Saint Alexander (Okropiridze) Bishop of Guria<br />

and Samegrelo, Holy Hieromartyr Kirion II (Sadzaglishvili) of<br />

Ge<strong>or</strong>gia, Patriarch Leonide (Okropiridze), Saint Ambrose (Khelaia), bishop<br />

Grigol (Dadiani), David Ge<strong>or</strong>ge Dadiani, Nikoloz Tariel Dadiani,<br />

Petre Charaia, Mose Janashvili, Vazha-Pshavela, Petre Mirianashvili,<br />

Saint Alexis (Shushania), Iakob Gogebashvili, Ivane Margiani, Besarion<br />

Nizharadze, Luarsab Lolua, Sosiko Merkviladze, Valerian Gunia, Patriarch<br />

Kalistrate Tsintsadze, Silovan Khundadze, Ivane Javakhishvili,<br />

Tedo Sakhokia, Tedo Zh<strong>or</strong>dania, Pavle Ing<strong>or</strong>okva, Ge<strong>or</strong>ge Tsereteli,<br />

Konstantine Gamsakhurdia, Zviad Gamsakhurdia, Otar Gigineishvili,<br />

Catholicos-Patriarch Ilia II (Shiolashvili), Metropolitan Anania (Japaridze),<br />

Nodar Jalaghonia, Nomadi Bartaia, Erekle Saghliani, Iakob Tandilava,<br />

etc.<br />

Cf.: pri<strong>or</strong> to the Soviet Imperial dominion in Ge<strong>or</strong>gia the part of<br />

Ge<strong>or</strong>gian Scientists also regarded Megrelian-Chan (Zan) and Svan linguistic<br />

entities as Ge<strong>or</strong>gian dialects; several views below are cited as<br />

samples:<br />

Petre Charaia (the view is presented in his research titled "Ge<strong>or</strong>gian<br />

Literary Language and Ge<strong>or</strong>gian Orthography" and "relation of the<br />

Megrelian dialect to the Ge<strong>or</strong>gian language"): a nation has a language<br />

while a community (tribe) has a dialect. Megrelian-Chan-Svan are not<br />

dialects of modern Ge<strong>or</strong>gian literary language, they represent dialects of<br />

the language which inc<strong>or</strong>p<strong>or</strong>ates modern literary "language", its dialects<br />

and hist<strong>or</strong>ical Goergian literary "language"... <strong>f<strong>or</strong></strong> the Ge<strong>or</strong>gians the hist<strong>or</strong>ical<br />

Ge<strong>or</strong>gian literary language is the only language and each Ge<strong>or</strong>gian<br />

dialects must not be regarded as a literary language: in all regions,<br />

237

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