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In Svan dialects a stem of Perfect is a basis for Pluperfect, which
in turn becomes a basis for Perfect Subjunctive:
Balszemoan: ħoħţaw -a – ħoħţaw-ǟn – ħoħţaw-ēn-s "s/he has
painted-s/he had painted-may s/he paint" (V. Topuria, 1967, p. 177).
Different types of verbs form Perfect differently.
In modern literary Georgian a stem of Series 1 and Series 2 is
used as a stem of a transitive verb in Perfect.
a) transitive verb forms in which -av, -am thematic markers are
present show various specificities. For such type of verbs the Present-
Future stem represents a basis in Perfect. If a verb consists of a thematic
marker in Present-Future it will possess a thematic marker in Perfect
too. Prefixes -i and -u are attached. There are no exceptions to this rule
in Old Georgian: gauĵarcvavs "s/he has robbed" (Present: ĵarcv avs
"s/he is robbing"), moukargavs "she has embroidered" (Present: kargavs
"she is embroidering"), daudgams "s/he has put" (Present: dgams "s/he
is putting").
Conjugation is simple when the object in nominative case is 3rd
person: momiķlavs me igi, mogiķlavs šen igi, mouķlavs mas igi…
The situation is different when the object is 1 st or 2 nd
person. In
this case there is no auxiliary verb present in Old Georgian: mouķlav
mas me, mouķlav mas šen, mouķlav mas igi…
The above mentioned type of verbs is combined with auxiliary
verbs in moder Georgian: mouķlav-var, mouķlav-ħar.
In other types of verbs in Perfect Screeve the Old Georgian i-e
ending is substituted by ending -i-a.
A part of archaic verb forms without thematic markers acquired
thematic markers: reķavs, tibavs, tesavs, ķenķavs, ķeţ avs, ķecavs,
recħavs, ċeċavs, ċedavs, ħeħavs, ħocavs…
A part of such verbs will reveal thematic marker -av in Perfect
Screeve as well: dauħocavs, gaurecħavs, daureķavs… though the forms
without thematic marker are more frequent: ħocdau ia, gaurecħ ia,
daureķia… In this case a stem of Series 2 serves as a basis.
In Pkhovian dialects (Khevsurian, Pshavian, Tushian) Perfect of
transitive verbs (when the real object is 3 rd person) is formed by -av
(