"evropuli qartia saqarTvelo "European Charter for Regional or ...

Apart from synthetic formation of bipersonal intransitive verbs
there are forms incorporating the auxiliary verbs. Two types are encountered:
1. based on masdar, auxiliary verb is attested instead of suffix -od: viqav,
iqav, iqo: hqol-iqo, sjobneb-iqo, damkarg-ciqo, šesĵleb-iqos…
2. based on passive participle to which the same auxiliary verb is added:
čamovrčenil-iqav, miaħloebul-iqvnen… Similar forms are frequent in Eastern
dialects.
From parallel formation of bipersonal intransitive verbs in Pluperfect
the -od forms dominate the modern literary language. The forms
of descriptive formation are regarded as dialectal formation.
In Khevsurian and Mokhevian all verbs involve the auxiliary
verbs: Khevsurian: ħqvan-iqva, hkon-iqo, šamasčvev-iqo… mokhevian: gastetreb-iqo,
gaħpuĉeb-iqo, masċoneb-iqo…
Formation of the Megrelian bipersonal intransitive verb is synthetical:
Pluperfect repeats the Imperfect of passive verb: dabadebu-d-u
"s/he had been born [to him/her]", šeħvalamu-d-u "s/he had met
[him/her]", goĉqoladu-d-u "s/he had forgotten [him/her/it]", etc.
Also, in Svan the forms of intransitive verbs generally follow the
transitive verbs; the main difference is only created by reduction of vowel
prefixes (V. Topuria, 1967, pp. 169-170).
c) in Old Georgian the unipersonal verbs are formed only descriptively:
stem of the passive participle of conjugated verb + Aorist stem of
the verb qopa "be": the auxiliary verb is conjugated, no personal markers
are attached to the participle: ċarsrul viqav, ċarsrul iqav, ċarsrul
iqo...
The formation principle in modern Georgian is the same. The difference
is that the prefix v- has removed from the auxiliary verb and has
been placed next to the preverb, while the auxiliary verb has merged
with the participle stem: ċa-v-sul-iqavi, ċa-sul-iqavi, ċa-sul-iqo...
In Khevsurian all unipersonal verbs form pluperfect by auxiliary
verb iqo "was": ċerebul -iqva, čamasul-iqo, sĵineb -iqva, zdeb-iqva,
šamamdgar-iqva…
The Megrelian-Chan unipersonal verbs are based on the Perfect
form and extension -d is attached to them: do ĉvele -d-u "it had been
burnt"…
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