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Pluperfect
a) while forming Pluperfect of the transitive verbs the literary
Georgian employs a stem of dynamic verb of Series 2. Formation template
for all verbs is the same: the form is based on the Aorist stem of
the relevant verb and by its form represents Aorist of the relevant passive
with e-. Thematic markers include: -i, -e and 0.
Short forms of Pluperfect occur in Old Georgian: ağmešena,
dameţeva, ganmeaħla, momemzada, medida…
In modern literary language they are combined with the -eb-in-a
ending: amešenebina, dameţovebina, medidebina… Archaic formation
is preserved in Phovian dialects.
In Megrelian and Chan Pluperfect employs the same stem as Perfect,
though adds the suffix –d of Imperfect to it: mizim-u(n) >mizim-ud-u…
(Arn. Chikobava, 1936, pp. 145-147; I. Kipshidze, 1914, pp. 086-088)
(cf.: bipersonal intransitive verbs of literary Georgian: momsvlia –
momsvloda, mkonia – mkonoda…).
Chan examples: mitkvapuţu "I had said", duķidapuţes "they had
built", gunċķimuţu "s/he had opened", ubirapuţu "s/he had sung" (G. Kartozia,
2005, pp. 100-101).
In Vitsean-Arkabean Pluperfect is sometimes complicated by doren/ren
"is" auxiliary verb: muħţimuţu-doren "s/he had come",
ugnapuţes-ren "they had heard", etc. (G. Kartozia, 2005, p. 101).
Also, in Svan the Pluperfect form mainly differs from Perfect by
only the screeve marker. The Pluperfect formants are as follows: Balszemoan:
ǟn, Balskvemoan (Etser.) än, Lentekhian: an, Lashkh: ān/ēn.
Balszemoan: mimār–ǟn "I had prepared", jimār-ǟn, ħomār-ǟn, miħţauǟn,
"I had painted", jiħţaw-ǟn, ħoħţaw-ǟn...
b) Pluperfect of bipersonal intransitive verbs historically
represents Perfect which expresses imperfective aspect; it includes suffix
–od.
General structure of Pluperfect forms is as follows: preverb +
personal marker + stem +thematic marker + od extention + screeve
marker: da-v-h-viċq-eb-od-e, da-h-viċq-eb-od-a…
The screeve marker -i occurs instead of -e in modern literary
Georgian: da-v-viċq-eb-od-i, da-viċq-eb-od-i, da-viċq-eb-od-a…
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