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"evropuli qartia saqarTvelo "European Charter for Regional or ...

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In this case, bilingual education (Ge<strong>or</strong>gian-Azerbaijanian, Ge<strong>or</strong>gian-Armenian)<br />

in Azeri and Armenian schools is regarded to be one of<br />

the solutions.<br />

2.3.1.2. State Ianguages in the Autonomous F<strong>or</strong>mation. Presently<br />

in Ge<strong>or</strong>gia currently there is Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia<br />

where the Ge<strong>or</strong>gian and the Abkhazian languages enjoy the status of<br />

state languages (The Constitution of Ge<strong>or</strong>gia, Article 8: The state language<br />

of Ge<strong>or</strong>gia shall be Ge<strong>or</strong>gian, and in Abkhazia – also Abkhazian).<br />

Modern studies reveal that the modern day Abkhazs have moved<br />

from N<strong>or</strong>th Caucasus to the territ<strong>or</strong>y of Abkhazia at a much later period<br />

373<br />

; nevertheless, having in mind the current reality, the Abkhazs (selfidentification:<br />

Apsua) has no other native land rather than Ge<strong>or</strong>gia. Acc<strong>or</strong>dingly,<br />

in any event the legitimate governments of Ge<strong>or</strong>gia and the<br />

Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia must ensure survival of Abkhazian<br />

ethnos and language. Herewith we would like to notice that today under<br />

the Russian occupation the Abkhazian language is threatened than ever.<br />

2.3.1.3. Local Varieties (/Dialects) of Ge<strong>or</strong>gia’s State Language<br />

– the Ge<strong>or</strong>gian Literary Language; How to Protect Them?<br />

Tremendous amount of hist<strong>or</strong>ical facts confirm that the Ge<strong>or</strong>gians<br />

from different regions (the Acharans, the Gudamaqarians, the Gurians,<br />

the Tushs, the Imeretians, the Imerkhevians, the Kakhetians, the Laz,<br />

the Lechkhumians, the Livanans, the Machakhelians, the Megrels,<br />

the Meskhs, the Mtiuletians, the Mokhevians, the Rachans, the Svans,<br />

373 Ancient Ge<strong>or</strong>gian inscriptions discovered in N<strong>or</strong>th-Western Ge<strong>or</strong>gia, analysis of the<br />

Abkhazian lexicon as well as the Kartvelian onomastic materials suggest that the modern-day<br />

Abkhazian territ<strong>or</strong>y was mainly inhabited by the Ge<strong>or</strong>gians from times immem<strong>or</strong>ial<br />

until the 16 th century; as <strong>f<strong>or</strong></strong> the <strong>f<strong>or</strong></strong>eign ethnic element, the Greek ethnic group<br />

was among the inhabitants of several coastal cities (trading locations) during this period,<br />

especially at the beginning of the new era, thought due to the small size, this ethnic<br />

group could not significantly affect the ethnic and linguistic situation in the region (T.<br />

Gvantesladze, 2008; T. Gvantesladze, 2009). The hypothesis about the dominance of the<br />

Greek language on the entire territ<strong>or</strong>y of Western Ge<strong>or</strong>gia could not be proved. On the<br />

contrary, hist<strong>or</strong>ical sources and documentary materials prove that Western Ge<strong>or</strong>gia was<br />

an inseparable part of the state of Kartli (Ge<strong>or</strong>gia) and the Ge<strong>or</strong>gian Orthodox Church.<br />

314

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