"evropuli qartia saqarTvelo "European Charter for Regional or ...

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qarTul Tu ucxour literaturaSi araerTxel aRniSnula, rom rTulia enis, metyvelebis, kilos, kilokavis, Tqmis kvalifikaciac da monaTesave enobriv erTeulTa (idiomTa) klasifikaciac 55 ; Sdr.: zogjer dialeqtTa dajgufeba geografias efuZneba, zogjer struqturul maxasiaTeblebs (mocemuli dialeqtis leqsikas, fonologias, morfologias, sintaqss). specialistebi xSirad ver Tanxmdebian, klasifikaciisas romel kriteriums unda mieniWos upiratesoba (msjelobisaTvis ix., t. futkaraZe, 2005, gv. 64-68) 56. rTuli da principulia umwignobro enisa da kilos (zepiri http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD% D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B D%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BC : термину диалект присвоен таксономический статус на шкале с четырьмя уровнями близости: язык — наречие — диалект — говор. Язык или диалект: Диале́кт (греч. διάλεκτος — «наречие» от греч. διαλέγομαι «говорить, изъясняться») — разновидность языка, которая употребляется в качестве средства общения лицами, связанными между собой одной территорией. Диалект является полноценной системой речевого общения (устной или знаковой, но не обязательно письменной) со своими собственными словарём и грамматикой. Не существует единого понимания и соответственно единых критериев для разграничения языка и диалекта, поэтому говоря, что данный идиом является языком или диалектом, необходимо оговаривать что имеется в виду под тем или иным термином... Идиом может считаться диалектом, например, в случае, если: {1} он не является стандартизованным литературным языком; {2} его носители не имеют собственного государства или автономного образования; {3} он не является престижной формой общения... 55 msjelobisaTvis ix.: T.gvancelaZe, 2006; 56 mag., boSuri kiloebis klasifikaciisaTvis ix.: http://romani.humanities.manchester.ac.uk/files/12_dialect_intro.shtml: One must first select the criteria on which a classification is to be based. Sometimes dialect classification is based strictly on geography, sometimes it is based strictly on the structural features – lexicon, phonology, morphology – of the dialects. In the latter case, it is necessary to select those features that are of global relevance and that can be used as a reference grid to compare the different dialects and to determine the relationships among them. Scholars often disagree on which features should be given greater attention as a basis for a classification. As a result, is not unusual to find different classification models. There is also an objective difficulty: Some dialects may share 'typical' features with two distinct dialect branches. Such transitional dialects are part of any linguistic landscape. It is therefore almost impossible to postulate clear-cut divisions between dialect groups or 'branches'... 53
metyvelebis) gamijvna; SeiZleba dabejiTebiT iTqvas: ar arsebobs mocemuli samwignobro enis monaTesave umwerlobo enisa da kilos gasamijni myari lingvisturi kriteriumi 57 ; Sdr.: g.e.Smidtis, u.amonis, a.baxis, T.levandovskis, p.vizingeris, b.sovinskis, a.linkes da sxvaTa azriT, enas axasiaTebs: ganfenis xarisxis mravalferovneba (prestiJuloba) - gamoyenebis maRali xarisxi, kodificirebuli damwerloba, standartuloba, samwerlobo statusi, garkveulwilad xelovnuroba; dialeqts ki - gamoyenebis dabali xarisxi, arastandartuloba, zepiri komunikaciis saSualeba, bunebrioba. Sdr.: p.finkes, b.jorbenaZis, g.nebieriZisa da sxvaTa azriT, dialeqtebis mflobelTa Soris gagebineba unda iyos; v.Jirmunskis, e.koserius, i.qloupekis, j.hergenis da mraval sxvaTa mtkicebiT ki dialeqtebs Soris gagebineba araarsebiTia. zogi miiCnevs, rom monaTesave enobriv erTeulebs Soris Tuki aris bgeraTSesatyvisoba, maSasadame, isini enebad 58 unda kvalificirdes (m.qurdiani) . g.belmanis, v.konigis da sxvaTa azriT, dialeqtsa da enas Soris zRvari Zneli gasavlebia; dialeqtidan enaSi gadasvla Tavisuflad xdeba... h.harmani, p.aueri da sxv. Tvlian, rom enobrivi erTeulis statusi misma mflobelma sazogadoebam unda gansazRvros. enisa da dialeqtis statusis gansazRvra Tavad mocemuli enobrivi koleqtivis mier adekvatur Sedegebs mo- 57 t. futkaraZe, 2005, gv. 64-70: xelovnuri da problemis kvlevisaTvis TiTqmis arafris momcemia enobrivi erTeulebis enebad Tu dialeqtebad kvalificireba, erTi mxriv, sociolingvisturi, meore mxriv ki, "sakuTriv" lingvisturi kriteriumebis mixedviT. 58 bgeraTSesatyvisobis arseboba-ararsebobis mixedviT msoflioSi arsebuli arc erTi ena Tu dialeqti ar aris kvalificirebuli; garda amisa, mraval monaTesave enas Soris bgeraTSesatyvisoba ar gvaqvs da piriqiT: kanonzomieri da regularuli bgeraTSesatyvisobebi gvaqvs dialeqtebad mi- Cneul enobriv erTeulebs Soris (germanulSi, CinurSi, iaponurSi...), metic, mag., Crdilokavkasiur enebSi bgeraTSesatyvisobebi dadasturebulia TqmebSic ki. 54
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tariel futkaraZe eka dadiani revaz
Page 3 and 4: ganaTlebis erovnuli instituti Natio
Page 5 and 6: In April 1999 Georgia became a memb
Page 7 and 8: The book is published by the sponso
Page 9 and 10: 1.2.2. brunvaTa sistema ...........
Page 11 and 12: Recommendations and the Law on Migr
Page 13 and 14: Preface More than a century Russian
Page 15 and 16: dutu megreli (1867-1938): ქარ
Page 17 and 18: evrosabWos saparlamento asambleis 1
Page 19 and 20: debulebebis araswori, saqarTvelosTv
Page 21 and 22: samwuxarod, ukve evrokavSiris eqspe
Page 23 and 24: enobrivi istoriisa Tu awmyos Sesaxe
Page 25 and 26: svanuri; 11. osuri 21 . Sdr., aseve
Page 27 and 28: damtkicebas cdiloben ruseTis imperi
Page 29 and 30: saqarTvelos enobrivi situaciis sxva
Page 31 and 32: qarTvelTa istoria sam ZiriTad monak
Page 33 and 34: zaxefi... xe moWarili ren: naCalnik
Page 35 and 36: adgilobrivi renegatis (Tada aSordia
Page 37 and 38: amgvari enobrivi politikis dagegmva
Page 39 and 40: Tis gadarCenis gegma, romelic sxvad
Page 41 and 42: moifiqrebda, Tu am gonivruls wess,
Page 43 and 44: ogorc qarTveli eris ganuyrel, organ
Page 45 and 46: lobriv sasuliero uwyebas Soris am n
Page 47 and 48: saqarTvelosa da qarTvelis eris namd
Page 49 and 50: 2008 wlebis ruseT-saqarTvelos omiT
Page 51 and 52: gv. 6-7): "qarTuli ena, rogorc qarT
Page 53: umwerlobo dedaenaa, xolo qarTuli -
Page 57 and 58: 1.1.2. qarTvelur ena-kiloTa istorii
Page 59 and 60: 1.1.3. Tanamedrove qarTveluri qvesi
Page 61 and 62: madidebelma eklesiam wmindanad Sera
Page 63 and 64: lis salaroSi arc erTs Zmazed Sen na
Page 65 and 66: qvejgufad warmovadgenT: centraluri
Page 67 and 68: neitraluri H bgera met-naklebad yve
Page 69 and 70: (Turq.) "batoni", oFridi (berZn.) "
Page 71 and 72: o labializaciaa, Sesabamisad, artik
Page 73 and 74: g) SiSina Tanxmovani ucvlelia, ar g
Page 75 and 76: qarTvelur qvesistemebSi fonetikur c
Page 77 and 78: megrulSi v- prefiqsi i xmovanprefiq
Page 79 and 80: 3. vi (Ei)>u SedarebiT iSviaTia: mS
Page 81 and 82: moTxrobiTi brunva saliteraturo qarT
Page 83 and 84: (mTiul.). am SemTxvevaSi -~s, -~h,
Page 85 and 86: yamda ori vaJiSvili, umfrosi rva wl
Page 87 and 88: megrulis daniSnulebiTis forma zusti
Page 89 and 90: I seriis mwkrivTa warmoebis princip
Page 91 and 92: v/p-tibu-q “”vTbebi” v/p-tibu
Page 93 and 94: zanurSic gardamaval zmnebs I-II pir
Page 95 and 96: svanur kiloebSi I kavSirebiTis mawa
Page 97 and 98: guaT-e `gavaTave", do-v/p-kil-e `da
Page 99 and 100: svanur kiloebSic II kavSirebiTis ni
Page 101 and 102: wewavs, Wedavs, xexavs, xocavs... a
Page 103 and 104: TurmeobiTsa da III kavSirebiTSi gam
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Wanuris nimuSebi: miTqvafutu ”meT
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(do)g-i-xant-u-d-a-s `gexatos" (do)
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prefiqsiani yalibis identuria rogor
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gaziarebis SemTxvevaSi Zneli asaxsn
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iS, B@ni(S) muWES, B@ni(S) muW-d (a
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umTavres nawils qmnis saerToqarTvel
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sistemuri msgavseba-gansxvaveba ar
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ogorc eTnosis istoriuli kulturis in
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warmodgenili qarTuli Targmanebisa d
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official language (ganmartebiTi mox
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gavrcelebuli enebi") daiwunes da up
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gamoyenebasa da ganviTarebas... mis
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aqve warmovadgenT mocemul saxelmwif
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Seuwyon da waaxalison I-dan da III-
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Sesaxeb perioduli moxsenebebis Sedg
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umciresobebis uflebebsa da im pirTa
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2.2. "erovnul umciresobaTa Sesaxeb
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enaze swavlis an am enaze instruqta
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cxovrebaSi ganurCevlad maTi erovnul
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omlebmac ZiriTadad ar ician qarTuli
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aWaruli, guruli, imeruli, leCxumuri
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mesxuri variantebi ki warmoqmnilia
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uSualo mizania qarTveluri (megrul-l
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om igi ar moicavs migrantTa enebs"
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cnobilia, rom saqarTvelos erT-erT i
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Sdr., t. vixerkeviCis jgufis rekome
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statusis sakiTxi dRemde diskusiis T
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ganaCines: dauSvebelia istoriis gay
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qarTuli enobriv-eTnikuri erToba, Se
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standartuli (normalizebuli) da ar g
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leqsika, wes-Cveulebebi, eTnografiu
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Sdr.: t. vixerkeviCis jgufis dausab
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kanonmdeblobiT; mag., ix.: saqarTve
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konkretulad romeli enebi unda CaiTv
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warmoadgens diasporas da romeli und
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saqarTvelos moqalaqe 4 371 535 100.
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t.vixerkeviCis jgufis dausabuTebeli
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kargi iqneboda, am rekomendaciis av
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amisa, "regionuli an umciresobis en
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konstantine gamsaxurdia: "XX saukun
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T. gamyreliZe, "oqros sawmisi" da Z
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dentTa samecniero Sromebis krebuli,
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S. niJaraZe, zemoaWarulis Tavisebur
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t. futkaraZe, evropuli qartia regio
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arn. Ciqobava, iberiul-kavkasiur en
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TinaTin SaraZeniZe ("enaTa klasifik
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Tariel Putkaradze Eka Dadiani Revaz
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tion of National Minorities". Is it
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language (national language) 234 .
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In fact, Georgian language is a his
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authors, Armenian and Azeri languag
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Jonathan Wheatley is well aware tha
Page 209 and 210:
In order to clarify the meaning of
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- 1801-1990 years: period of Russia
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In terms of ideology, a secret lett
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They implanted in the minds of the
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During the 6-year period (1929-1934
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pert and P. J. Hillery who are supp
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perceive, to open their eyes and ma
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Samegrelo. They took advantage of t
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_ What language would you prefer as
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war the neighbouring empire impleme
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national language (ethnic language,
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status of a language or a dialect.
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Zhirmunsky, E. Coseriu), I. Clopeck
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Arn. Chikobava: Zan-Svan 234 Svan Z
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Pkhovian, Kartlian or Imerkhevian e
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districts and almost any villages o
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and semantic structures of the give
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positional (reduced) variant of a v
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(Aliabatian) f, usually occurs in c
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out the a >o process; a > o is labi
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c) a hushing consonant remains unch
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Ghlonti, 1936; V. Topuria, 1954; M.
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le (Ts. Janjghava, 1989, p. 44). Fo
Page 255 and 256:
1.2.2. Declension System Declension
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for both the Svan -em/n marker and
Page 259 and 260:
zoblep-Ø duriges, ķardlep-Ø mwa
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Cf.: Old Georgian: ċqaro -yt/ċqar
Page 263 and 264:
The forms with i-za ending appear i
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1. dialects, which are characterize
Page 267 and 268:
Opinions regarding origin and funct
Page 269 and 270:
Chan p’-ĉar-um-ţ-i "I was writi
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mār-a-d-e-s, Lashkh: a-mār-d-e-s
Page 273 and 274:
As a result of unification one mark
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) suffix -e is present in verbs wit
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has found out", ausħam(i-s) "he ha
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In Old Georgian only the auxiliary
Page 281 and 282:
Apart from synthetic formation of b
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In Megrelian a group of unipersonal
Page 285 and 286:
The template for a screeve consider
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with the attributive modifier in ca
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Similar facts are rarely attested i
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other dialects. Therefore, Megrelia
Page 293 and 294:
Tinatin Sharadzenidze ("Language Cl
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"The concept of language as used in
Page 297 and 298:
language of a national minority 329
Page 299 and 300:
historical language - (31) 340 ; cf
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3. a language of a non-historical m
Page 303 and 304:
al or minority languages of Europe,
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a) i to make available pre-school e
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) to foster the different means of
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epresenting a minority in the state
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Some experts consider even the Arme
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man Rights and Fundamental Freedoms
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In this case, bilingual education (
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the Soviet scientific influence, so
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cluded in school textbooks as a too
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2.3.2. The Issue of Languages of Hi
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It is well known that the Armenian
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problems though only approximately
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In our opinion, outdated and incons
Page 329 and 330:
common Greek language that was tota
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Naturally, the term "unwritten Geor
Page 333 and 334:
logava G. Gasviani, R. Khvistani, L
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There is not historical autochthono
Page 337 and 338:
The linguistic rights of ethnic min
Page 339 and 340:
Specifically which languages are to
Page 341 and 342:
The problem is complicated by the f
Page 343 and 344:
One important question:like in Geor
Page 345 and 346:
tection for historical minorities -
Page 347 and 348:
the borders of Turkey, the very pro
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megrulis, lazuris, svanuris, taouri
Page 351 and 352:
T. Gamkrelidze, Z. Kiknadze, I. Sha
Page 353 and 354:
O. Kakhadze, Specificity of Okribi
Page 355 and 356:
A. Oniani, Again on Kartvelian lang
Page 357 and 358:
Sh. Putkaradze, Peculiarities of So
Page 359 and 360:
Sh. Dzidziguri, Descriptive analysi
Page 361 and 362:
Konstantine Gamsakhurdia: "The lite
Page 363 and 364:
Paragraph 32 of the Explanatory Rep
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ozeta gujejiani, beJan xorava qarTu
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xelaia, petre Waraia...). msgavsi m
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is swored svanursa da megrul/lazurS
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Roseta Gujejiani, Bezhan Khorava Fr
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In 1941, in the most difficult peri
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cited as inhabiting Georgia include
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Tariel Putkaradze Tariel Putkaradze
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gamoqveynebuli aqvs enaTmecnieruli
Page 381 and 382:
Revaz Sherozia In 1975 he graduated
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qarTuli aso-niSnebis saerTaSoriso (
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q q q k k q k q° k° k° R R R ğ
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