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is killing" > ķl-av-d-a "s/he was killing", ab-am-s "s/he is tying" > abam-d-a
"s/he was tying"...
b) in Khevsurian, Tushian, Mokhevian, Kartlian, Fereydanian,
Imeretian, Rachan, Acharan, Samtskhean, Javakhian, Imerkhevian, Livanan
and Machakhelian dialects -av, -am > -ev, -em: ķl-av-d-a > ķlev-d-a
"s/he was killing", ab-am-d-a> ab-em-d-a "s/he was tying"... rċq-evd-a,
tib-ev-di (Imerkhevian), ķer-ev-d-i-t, ħarš -ev-d-e-n (Machakhelian),
vħn-ev-d-i-t, ab-em-d-a (Livanan) (Sh. Putkaradze, 1995).
In Gurian, Acharan, Machakhelian and Upper Rachan dialects -
av>-v: ķl-av-s "s/he is killing" > ķl-v-i-d-a "s/he was killing", ħaţ-av-s
"s/he is painting"> ħaţ-v-i-d-a "s/he was painting"... In Gurian and Machakhelian
-ev-d, -em-d > v-i-d, m-i-d occur in all three persons: vasħ-m-i-d-i-t, icm-i-d-a
(Machakhelian; Sh. Putkaradze, 1995, p. 27); v-mal-v-i-d-i (Gurian), etc.
Umlaut of thematic markers is spread in Svan dialects as well,
e>ä is attested in: agem "s/he is building/constructing" > agäm-d-a "s/he
was building/constructing"; abem "s/he is tying" > abäm-d-a "s/he was
tying", etc. (B. Jorbenadze, 1995, p. 379-382).
One part of the researchers consider that -ev and -em are thematic
markers that substitute -av and -am markers, thus we encounter the
substitution of thematic markers (Arn. Chikobava, 1948, p. 98-100);
according to another part, -ev and -em are acquired on phonetical basis
of: i which follows d partly assimilates a and modifies it into e: vķl-avd-i-t
"we were killing" > vķl-ev-d-i-t. The process has been carried out
first in plural and later in singular, by analogy (L. Kiknadze, 1957, p.
317-344) 306
.
In Megrelian-Chan i and -d/-ţ, extension are added to the intransitive
verbs in the 1st-2nd person singular and plural:
Megrelian
v/p’-ĉar-un-d-i "I was writing" v/p’-ĉar-un-d-i-t ""we were writing"
ĉar-un-d-i "you were writing" ĉar-un-d-i-t "you were writing"
ĉar-un-d-u "s/he was writing" ĉar-un-d-es ""they were writing"
306 In forms like ķl-v-i-d-a i must separat consonanta, that has been formed after the
contraction of thematic markers by the 3rd subject markers. Loss of the a vowel resulted
in a consonant cluster which later developed i to divide the consonants (I. Imnaishvili,
V. Imnaishvili,1996, p. 128).
267