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Ready-wittedness: Ready-wittedness is a<br />

mean between boorishness and buffoonery. A character<br />

is ready-witted who jokes tastefully. Readywitted<br />

characters are socially flexible with discourse.<br />

Ready-witted characters are tactful, so they speak<br />

of, and listen to, such things as appropriate for a<br />

moral and well-bred character. The jest of a readywitted<br />

character differs from a vulgar character, just<br />

as the jest of an educated character differs from that<br />

of an uneducated character. A ready-witted character<br />

can make, listen to, and tolerate the same kinds<br />

of jokes. Therefore, there are jokes that a readywitted<br />

character will not make, listen to, or tolerate.<br />

In some cases, jokes can be abusive.<br />

Friendliness: Friendliness is a mean between<br />

quarrelsomeness and surliness, and obsequiousness<br />

or flattery. A character with friendliness<br />

will tolerate and resent the right things in the right<br />

way. If passion or affection is included, then this<br />

character is a good friend. However, this moral does<br />

not include passion or affection, so it is termed<br />

friendliness, not friendship. A character with friendliness<br />

behaves the same toward acquaintances and<br />

strangers, toward intimates and non-intimates, except<br />

that in each case a character with friendliness<br />

behaves appropriately. Wherever it is dishonorable<br />

or harmful to contribute pleasure, a character with<br />

friendliness refuses. Wherever it is appropriate to<br />

give pain, a character with friendliness refuses to give<br />

pleasure. For the sake of a great future pleasure,<br />

too, a character with friendliness inflicts small pains.<br />

119<br />

Modesty: Modesty is a mean between<br />

shamefulness and bashfulness. A character is modest<br />

who lacks fear of dishonor and does not blush.<br />

Older characters are more likely to have modesty,<br />

because younger characters are more prone to feeling<br />

shame and are more affected by emotions. Characters<br />

who are more affected by emotions commit<br />

more errors of reasoning and are more restrained<br />

by shame. Older characters are not praiseworthy<br />

who are prone to a sense of disgrace, since they are<br />

considered to have enough experience not to do<br />

anything to cause disgrace by their age. Both shame<br />

and bashfulness are related to bodily conditions,<br />

which are more related to emotion than reason.<br />

Righteous Indignation: Righteous indignation<br />

is a mean between spite and envy. A character<br />

is righteously indignant who is distressed at the<br />

evidence of unworthy success of another. Generally,<br />

characters who are prone to righteous indignation<br />

consider themselves deserving of things they<br />

do not believe others deserve. Therefore, characters<br />

are not righteously indignant who are servile,<br />

worthless, or unambitious, because they do not consider<br />

themselves worthy of anything. Righteous indignation<br />

is an emotion characteristic of a moral<br />

character.<br />

Unnamed Balance of Ambitiousness:<br />

The unnamed balance is a mean between<br />

unambitiousness and ambitiousness. A character has<br />

the unnamed balance of ambitiousness if honor is<br />

sought, but not on a grand scale.<br />

IDEM.VELLE.ATQUE.IDEM.NOLLE.<br />

EA.DEMUM.FIRMA.AMICITIA.EST<br />

Liking the same things and disliking the same things,<br />

that is true friendship.<br />

Chapter 4: Disposition

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