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Bernese GPS Software Version 5.0 - Bernese GNSS Software

Bernese GPS Software Version 5.0 - Bernese GNSS Software

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Contents<br />

9.4.4 Pre-Elimination Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200<br />

9.4.5 Change of Parameter Interval Length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202<br />

9.4.6 Station Information File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203<br />

9.4.7 Program Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203<br />

9.4.8 Writing of Normal Equations by <strong>GPS</strong>EST and ADDNEQ2 . . . . . 204<br />

9.4.9 SINEX Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205<br />

9.4.9.1 Writing SINEX Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205<br />

9.4.9.2 Import of SINEX Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206<br />

9.4.10 Conversion of Normal Equation Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207<br />

9.4.10.1 Conversion from and to ASCII . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207<br />

9.4.10.2 Old Normal Equation Files from ADDNEQ . . . . . . . 207<br />

9.5 Typical Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208<br />

9.5.1 Cluster Combination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208<br />

9.5.2 Generate Small Normal Equation Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209<br />

9.5.3 Back-Substitution of Coordinates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209<br />

10. Station Coordinates and Velocities 211<br />

10.1 Site Displacement Modeling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211<br />

10.1.1 Tectonic Plate Motion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212<br />

10.1.2 Solid Earth Tides, Pole Tides, and Permanent Tides . . . . . . . . 212<br />

10.1.3 Ocean Tidal Loading Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212<br />

10.1.4 Other Site Displacements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213<br />

10.2 Defining the Geodetic Datum for a Tracking Network . . . . . . . . . . . . 213<br />

10.2.1 Reference Frames Important for <strong>GNSS</strong> Analyses . . . . . . . . . . 214<br />

10.2.2 Datum Definition Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215<br />

10.2.2.1 Free Network Solution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215<br />

10.2.2.2 Minimum Constraint Solution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216<br />

10.2.2.3 Constraining Reference Coordinates . . . . . . . . . . . . 216<br />

10.2.2.4 Fixing Reference Coordinates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217<br />

10.2.3 Reference Site Verification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217<br />

10.3 Coordinate and Velocity Estimation in Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217<br />

10.3.1 Program Output and Result Files Related to Coordinates . . . . . 219<br />

10.3.2 Static Network Solution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221<br />

10.3.3 Multi-Session Solution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221<br />

10.3.4 Velocity Estimation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223<br />

10.3.5 Use of the Station Information File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224<br />

10.4 Estimating Kinematic Coordinates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225<br />

10.4.1 General Remarks on Preprocessing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225<br />

10.4.2 Kinematic Positioning in <strong>GPS</strong>EST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226<br />

10.4.3 Program Output and Result File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228<br />

10.4.4 Using the Kinematic Coordinate File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230<br />

10.5 Precise Point Positioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231<br />

10.6 Coordinate and Velocity Related Auxiliary Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . 232<br />

10.6.1 Extracting Coordinates/Velocities from SINEX . . . . . . . . . . . 232<br />

10.6.2 Helmert Transformation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232<br />

10.6.3 Coordinate Transformation to ETRS89 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234<br />

10.6.4 Coordinate Comparisons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235<br />

Page VI AIUB

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