Bernese GPS Software Version 5.0 - Bernese GNSS Software

• processing of data from a large number of receivers,
1.2 Main Objectives and General Characteristics
• combination of different receiver types, taking receiver and satellite antenna phase
center variations into account,
• combined processing of GPS and GLONASS observations,
• ambiguity resolution on long baselines (2000 km and longer),
• generation of minimum constraint network solutions,
• ionosphere and troposphere monitoring,
• clock offset estimation and time transfer,
• orbit determination and estimation of Earth orientation parameters.
General features of the software are designed to meet highest accuracy requirements:
• All principal observables recorded by high precision geodetic receivers, i.e., code and
phase data on both carriers may be processed. Differential code biases for satellites
and receivers are taken into account for applications involving code observations.
Satellite Laser Ranging measurements may be processed, too.
• Single and dual frequency data may be processed in the same estimation step. The use
of ionosphere models minimizes the impact of ionospheric biases on station coordinates
and other estimated parameters.
• The rigorous combined processing of data from GPS, GLONASS, and
GPS/GLONASS receivers is possible.
• The data can either be processed in double-difference mode or in zero-difference mode
(in particular for time transfer and precise point positioning).
• Different linear combinations of L1 and L2 may be used: ionosphere–free, geometry–
free, wide–lane, and Melbourne–Wübbena
• Processing and combination of data from various receiver types in the same processing
step is possible.
• Different ambiguity resolution strategies allow fixing of phase ambiguities on up to
very long (several thousand kilometers) baselines.
• The processing programs support the simultaneous estimation of a large number of
different parameter types (see Table 1.1).
• The software allows to process data from all static and many kinematic GNSS applications,
including the kinematic and reduced-dynamic precise orbit determination for
low Earth orbiters (LEOs).
• Station motions are modeled for plate motions, tides, and ocean tidal loading, conforming
to latest IERS standards.
• Different troposphere mapping functions are available. The estimation of troposphere
gradient parameters is implemented.
• Antenna phase patterns for receiver and for satellite antennas may be applied as well
as estimated.
• Modeling of all time-dependent parameters uses a piece-wise linear, continuous representation,
in particular for troposphere zenith delay and gradient parameters, Earth
orientation parameters, and global ionosphere models.
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