Bernese GPS Software Version 5.0 - Bernese GNSS Software

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8. Initial Phase Ambiguities and Ambiguity Resolution Figure 8.7: Options for ambiguity resolution strategy SIGMA. displayed in Figure 8.7). In the next iteration step the integer values are introduced for the resolved ambiguities and for the resolved differences between ambiguities (see Eqn. (8.7)). The iteration process is terminated, if: (1) all ambiguities have been resolved, or if (2) in the last step no ambiguity could be resolved based on the above criteria. The iteration process described above may be applied to every linear combination. It may be used in the baseline mode, in the session mode, or even if several sessions are treated in the same program run. We recommend to use this strategy in two cases: (1) Only single-frequency measurements are processed, but the session is long (several hours). The baselines should not be too long (less than 20 km). (2) High quality code measurements are available on both frequencies. In this case it is possible to use the Melbourne-Wübbena linear combination and the corresponding strategy (see Section 8.4). The baselines may be very long (up to several thousand kilometers). The sessions have to be long, too (several hours). Page 176 AIUB
8.3.4 QIF (Quasi Ionosphere-Free) Algorithm 8.3.4.1 Theory of QIF Strategy 8.3 Ambiguity Resolution Algorithms We neglect the troposphere bias in Eqns. (2.37a) and (2.37b) and do not explicitly write the receiver and satellite indices k,ℓ,i,j. Then the simplified form of the double difference observation equations reads as L1 = ̺ − I + λ1 n1 (8.17) L2 = ̺ − f2 1 f 2 2 · I + λ2 n2 (8.18) The corresponding equation for the ionosphere-free linear combination may thus be written as L3 = ̺ + B3 = ̺ + c (f1 n1 − f2 n2) . (8.19) f2 1 − f2 2 The initial least-squares adjustment using both frequencies L1 and L2 gives real-valued ambiguity estimates b1 and b2 and we may compute the corresponding ionosphere-free bias ˜B3 as ˜B3 = c f 2 1 − f2 2 (f1 b1 − f2 b2) . (8.20) This bias may be expressed in narrow-lane cycles (one cycle corresponding to a wavelength of λ3 = c/(f1 + f2) ≈ 11 cm, see Section 2.3): ˜ b3 = ˜ B3 = ˜ B3 · f1 + f2 = f1 f1 − f2 b1 − f2 f1 − f2 λ3 c = β1 b1 + β2 b2 . (8.21) Denoting the correct (resolved) integer ambiguity values by n1i and n2j (i and j are not the satellite indices) and introducing the associated L3-bias b3ij = β1 n1i + β2 n2j we may use the difference between the real-valued and integer L3-bias b2 (8.22) d3ij = | ˜ b3 − b3ij| (8.23) as a criterion for the selection of the “best” pair of integers n1i,n2j. However, many pairs n1i,n2j give differences d3ij of the same (small) order of magnitude. These pairs lie on a narrow band in the (n1,n2) space. The equation for the center line of this band is β1 ni1 + β2 n2j = ˜ b3 . (8.24) The band-width is essentially given by the rms of the bias ˜ b3. A unique solution only results if it is possible to limit the search range. The principle is shown in Figure 8.8. The solid line corresponding to Eqn. (8.24) goes through the real valued estimate (b1,b2) (shown as o in figure) as well as through the point (n1i,n2j) which is accepted as “true” solution. This line represents an ionosphere–free combination (constant ionosphere-free bias). The second solid in Figure 8.8 represents the constant wide-lane L5 ambiguity (accepted as “true” value) and goes through the point (n1i,n2j), too. The dashed rectangle represents a search range in (n1,n2) space and the dashed trapezoid represents the search range in (n1,n5) space, see Eqn. (8.29). Bernese GPS Software Version 5.0 Page 177
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Bernese GPS Software Version 5.0 Ed
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Bernese GPS Software Version 5.0 As
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Contents 2.3.6.1 Ionosphere-Free Li
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Contents 6.3.3 Kinematic Stations .
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Contents 9.4.4 Pre-Elimination Opti
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Contents 13.2 How to Correct P1-P2
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Contents 18.3.2 Command Bar . . . .
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Contents 20.4 Description of the Pr
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Contents 22.8.2 Station Abbreviatio
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Contents Page XVI AIUB
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List of Figures 5.1 Flow diagram of
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List of Figures 13.3 P1-C1 code bia
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List of Figures 22.20 Tabular orbit
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List of Tables 12.2 Influences of t
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1. Introduction and Overview • bu
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1. Introduction and Overview Table
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1. Introduction and Overview • Th
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1. Introduction and Overview The Be
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1. Introduction and Overview for Ca
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2. Fundamentals 2.1.1 GPS System De
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2. Fundamentals Table 2.2: Componen
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2. Fundamentals Clock correction [n
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2. Fundamentals Figure 2.5: GLONASS
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2. Fundamentals Table 2.6: GLONASS
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2. Fundamentals In contrast to the
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2. Fundamentals 2.2 GNSS Satellite
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2. Fundamentals 2.2.2.1 The Kepleri
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2. Fundamentals Table 2.9: Perturbi
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2. Fundamentals R.A. of Ascending N
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2. Fundamentals where aROCK is the
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2. Fundamentals By taking the deriv
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2. Fundamentals δi error of satell
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2. Fundamentals Ionospheric refract
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2. Fundamentals 2.3.6.1 Ionosphere-
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2. Fundamentals Table 2.10: Linear
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3. Campaign Setup variable to the f
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3. Campaign Setup Figure 3.1: Examp
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3. Campaign Setup In this section w
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3. Campaign Setup 3.5 Processing Ov
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4. Import and Export of External Fi
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5. Preparation of Earth Orientation
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6. Data Preprocessing Preprocessing
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6. Data Preprocessing (a) AS turned
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6. Data Preprocessing 6.2.4 Code Sm
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6. Data Preprocessing is set to 2.
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6. Data Preprocessing 6.3.2 Preproc
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6. Data Preprocessing RMS of kin. s
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6. Data Preprocessing The ambiguiti
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6. Data Preprocessing no loss of si
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6. Data Preprocessing This epoch-di
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6. Data Preprocessing result in lar
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6. Data Preprocessing (e.g., from C
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6. Data Preprocessing The second pa
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Page 168 and 169: 7. Parameter Estimation p u × 1 ve
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Page 196 and 197: 8. Initial Phase Ambiguities and Am
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10. Station Coordinates and Velocit
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11. Troposphere Modeling and Estima
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12. Ionosphere Modeling and Estimat
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13. Differential Code Biases Promin
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13. Differential Code Biases Figure
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13. Differential Code Biases Figure
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13. Differential Code Biases ======
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13. Differential Code Biases Page 2
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14. Clock Estimation τ (BRUS-PTBB)
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14. Clock Estimation Here the limit
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14. Clock Estimation to zero. All c
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14. Clock Estimation #OBS : Number
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14. Clock Estimation 14.3 Clock RIN
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14. Clock Estimation cessed if CCRN
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14. Clock Estimation RINEX files th
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14. Clock Estimation the clock valu
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14. Clock Estimation SINGLE POINT P
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14. Clock Estimation Page 308 AIUB
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15. Estimation of Satellite Orbits
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16. Antenna Phase Center Offsets an
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17. Data Simulation Tool GPSSIM 17.
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17. Data Simulation Tool GPSSIM The
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17. Data Simulation Tool GPSSIM The
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17. Data Simulation Tool GPSSIM Res
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18. The Menu System 18.2 Starting t
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18. The Menu System 18.3.1 Menu Bar
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18. The Menu System 18.3.5 Panel Co
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18. The Menu System the menu the ne
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18. The Menu System Table 18.1: Pre
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18. The Menu System 18.5.3 System E
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18. The Menu System 18.7 Change Opt
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18. The Menu System 18.9 Technical
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18. The Menu System ... ! Environme
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18. The Menu System The keyword ENV
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18. The Menu System ! List of Remai
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18. The Menu System The MENUAUX-mec
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18. The Menu System Keyword values
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19. Bernese Processing Engine (BPE)
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20. Processing Examples inspect the
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20. Processing Examples 20.3.1 How
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20. Processing Examples • (option
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20. Processing Examples PID 111 PRE
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20. Processing Examples 20.4.1.4 Co
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20. Processing Examples 20.4.1.5 Ta
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20. Processing Examples 20.4.1.7 Cr
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20. Processing Examples 20.4.2.1 Co
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20. Processing Examples appears in
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20. Processing Examples PID 313 MPR
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20. Processing Examples Further rea
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20. Processing Examples # # Create
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20. Processing Examples PID 101 GPS
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20. Processing Examples The RINEX n
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20. Processing Examples # # Preproc
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20. Processing Examples the loop, d
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20. Processing Examples PID 903 CLK
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20. Processing Examples and IGS 00B
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20. Processing Examples • Save th
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20. Processing Examples PID 321 GPS
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20. Processing Examples PID 301 CLK
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21. Program Structure $C / %C% PGM
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21. Program Structure (program GPSE
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21. Program Structure continued fro
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21. Program Structure continued fro
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21. Program Structure ! -----------
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22. Data Structure "Program" Area $
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22. Data Structure Table 22.1: List
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22. Data Structure 22.4.2 Geodetic
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22. Data Structure 22.4.4 Antenna P
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Page 484 AIUB ANTENNA PHASE CENTER
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22. Data Structure 22.4.5 Satellite
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22. Data Structure 22.4.6 Satellite
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22. Data Structure DIFFERENCE OF GP
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22. Data Structure 22.4.9 Subdaily
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22. Data Structure EGM96 EGM96, VER
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22. Data Structure SINEX : OPTION I
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22. Data Structure 22.4.16 Panel Up
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22. Data Structure 22.6.2 Header an
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22. Data Structure 15 Antenna type(
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22. Data Structure SVN-NUMBER= 2 ME
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22. Data Structure -1 2 1 5 TITLE :
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22. Data Structure Used by: ORBGEN
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22. Data Structure 53064.00 53065.0
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22. Data Structure CODE’S MONTHLY
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22. Data Structure Table 22.4: Stat
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22. Data Structure (3) TYPE 003: HA
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22. Data Structure 22.8.4 Station P
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22. Data Structure Remarks: • Eac
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22. Data Structure The following st
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22. Data Structure Table 22.7: List
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22. Data Structure AJAC $$ FES2004
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22. Data Structure Station sigma fi
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22. Data Structure GOPE 11502M002 Z
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22. Data Structure 22.8.18 Receiver
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22. Data Structure CODE RAPID 3-DAY
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22. Data Structure 22.9.3 Meteo and
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22. Data Structure IONOSPHERE MODEL
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22. Data Structure 22.10 Miscellane
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22. Data Structure 22.10.4 Variance
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22. Data Structure 22.10.5 Normal E
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22. Data Structure 22.10.7 Observat
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22. Data Structure Created by: Each
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22. Data Structure ----------------
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22. Data Structure 22.10.17 BPE log
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23. Installation Guide 23.1.2 Conte
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23. Installation Guide 23.1.3.2 Ins
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23. Installation Guide BERN50 : $C
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23. Installation Guide If you have
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23. Installation Guide To make the
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23. Installation Guide List of Inst
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23. Installation Guide 23.2.4 Confi
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23. Installation Guide Configure me
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23. Installation Guide ${P}/EXAMPLE
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23. Installation Guide To recompile
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23. Installation Guide Page 574 AIU
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24. The Step from Version 4.2 to Ve
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Bock, H. (2004), Effic
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Janes, H. W., R. B. La
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Schaer, S. (1998), COD
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Page 588 AIUB
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INDEX OF PROGRAMS NEQ2ASC, 207, 541
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Index of Program Panels CODSPP 2: I
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Index of Program Panels MKCLUS 3: R
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INDEX OF KEYWORDS Antenna verificat
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INDEX OF KEYWORDS Cluster definitio
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INDEX OF KEYWORDS variance-covarian
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INDEX OF KEYWORDS orbit products, 1
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INDEX OF KEYWORDS Multi-session sol
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INDEX OF KEYWORDS Orbital elements
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INDEX OF KEYWORDS Receiver antenna
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INDEX OF KEYWORDS orbit modeling, 9
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INDEX OF KEYWORDS WGS-84, 19, 88, 2
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