Bernese GPS Software Version 5.0 - Bernese GNSS Software

More documents

Recommendations

Info

7. Parameter Estimation 7.5.4.4 Fixing of Parameters Parameters may also be fixed. In GPSEST this is the case for station coordinates (e.g., reference stations). Such parameters are not setup in the normal equation system in program GPSEST. In ADDNEQ2 these parameters are fixed to their a priori value and then eliminated. Fixed parameters are removed from the normal equation system. There is no way to “unfix” parameters at a later stage. Fixing of parameters should, therefore, be avoided. This is particularly true for fixing station coordinates in GPSEST. If coordinates are fixed, the datum definition can no longer be modified at the normal equation level. 7.5.5 Pre-Elimination of Parameters Pre-elimination of parameters is a basic procedure to reduce the dimension of the NEQ system without loosing information (apart from the estimates of the pre-eliminated parameters). Assume that the parameters are ordered in such a way that the parameters p2 that shall be pre-eliminated are located at the end of the parameter array: N11 N ⊤ 21 N21 N22 p 1 p 2 We may invert the second set of equations for p 2 = b1 b2 . (7.33) p 2 = N −1 22 (b2 − N21p 1) (7.34) and substitute p 2 in the first set of equations in Eqn. (7.33). This leads to the new normal equation system for the parameter vector p 1 (N11 − N ⊤ 21N −1 22 N21)p 1 = (b1 − N ⊤ 21N −1 22 b2) . (7.35) The pre-elimination formulae thus basically compute the effect of the pre-eliminated parameters on the other (remaining) parameters of the normal equation system. As a result, the normal equation matrices (7.12) are modified. The results for the remaining parameters are the same as without pre-elimination. Pre-elimination, therefore, is not equivalent to cancelling the corresponding lines and columns from the normal equations. Pre-elimination of parameters using covariance matrices as opposed to pre-elimination using normal equations is much easier. The determination of partial covariance matrices is identical to removing the corresponding rows and columns of the parameters, which have to be eliminated from the covariance matrix. Pre-elimination of parameters is possible with both, program GPSEST and program ADDNEQ2. Which parameters may be pre-eliminated is a question of processing time and disk space. Before pre-elimination, parameters may be constrained. Keep in mind that parameters that are pre-eliminated remain implicitly in the equation system. The constraints imposed on them are “frozen” and can no longer be changed. Therefore, constraints on parameters that are pre-eliminated have to be selected carefully. The program GPSEST offers different pre-elimination options (see panels “GPSEST 5.1: Setup of Parameters and Pre-Elimination 1” and “GPSEST 5.2: Setup of Parameters and Pre-Elimination 2”): Page 152 AIUB
7.5 Parameterization EVERY SESSION: The parameters are pre-eliminated after each session (or after each file if baseline-wise correlation is enabled). They neither appear in the result files nor in the output normal equation. PRIOR TO NEQ SAVING: The parameters are pre-eliminated before saving the normal equation. The parameters remain, however, in the solution provided by GPSEST, i.e., output files containing the parameters may be written. EVERY EPOCH: This option is only available for epoch parameters, i.e., for clock corrections, kinematic coordinates, and stochastic ionosphere parameters. AS SOON AS POSSIBLE: This option allows for pre-elimination of ambiguity parameters as soon as they are no longer used. We refer also to the flow diagram of GPSEST in Figure 7.3 where the different pre-elimination options are included. 7.5.6 Back-Substitution of Epoch-Parameters Epoch-parameters are generally set up and pre-eliminated epoch-wise due to their potentially large number. In order to obtain a solution for these parameters a back-substitution step is necessary. This procedure is implemented in GPSEST of the Bernese GPS Software Version 5.0 for clock parameters and kinematic station coordinates. After solving the main normal equation the resulting non-epoch parameters are inserted back into the observation equations which are successively solved for each epoch. To this purpose, parts of the observation equation are stored in a scratch file as soon as clock parameters or kinematic coordinates are to be estimated. Depending on the number of stations and the sampling rate this binary scratch file may become large. It is stored by default in the user-specific directory ${U}/WORK where enough disk space should be available. Program GPSEST offers two options for recovering the variance-covariance information concerning epoch parameters, see option “Var-covar wrt epoch parameters” in panel “GPSEST 3.2: General Options 2” (see Figure 8.5). With option CORRECT the variance-covariance information is correctly recovered by including the corresponding information for the non-epoch parameters. The normal equation for the parameter vectors p i with i = 1,... ,n may be written in the following way if p 1 denotes the non-epoch parameters and p i denotes the parameters valid for epochs i = 2,... ,n: ⎛ ⎜ N = ⎜ ⎝ N11 N12 N13 ... N1n N21 N22 0 ... 0 N31 0 N33 ... 0 ... ... ... ... ... Nn1 0 0 ... Nnn ⎞ ⎟ ⎠ . (7.36) Taking advantage of the fact that all off-diagonal matrix blocks referring to two epoch parameters are zero, the block Q ii referring to epoch parameters p i in the inverted normal equation can be written as Q ii = N −1 ii + N −1 ii Ni1Q 11N1iN −1 ii for i = 2,... ,n (7.37) Bernese GPS Software Version 5.0 Page 153
Page 1 and 2:
Bernese GPS Software Version 5.0 Ed
Page 3:
Bernese GPS Software Version 5.0 As
Page 6 and 7:
Contents 2.3.6.1 Ionosphere-Free Li
Page 8 and 9:
Contents 6.3.3 Kinematic Stations .
Page 10 and 11:
Contents 9.4.4 Pre-Elimination Opti
Page 12 and 13:
Contents 13.2 How to Correct P1-P2
Page 14 and 15:
Contents 18.3.2 Command Bar . . . .
Page 16 and 17:
Contents 20.4 Description of the Pr
Page 18 and 19:
Contents 22.8.2 Station Abbreviatio
Page 20 and 21:
Contents Page XVI AIUB
Page 22 and 23:
List of Figures 5.1 Flow diagram of
Page 24 and 25:
List of Figures 13.3 P1-C1 code bia
Page 26 and 27:
List of Figures 22.20 Tabular orbit
Page 28 and 29:
List of Tables 12.2 Influences of t
Page 30 and 31:
1. Introduction and Overview • bu
Page 32 and 33:
1. Introduction and Overview Table
Page 34 and 35:
1. Introduction and Overview • Th
Page 36 and 37:
1. Introduction and Overview The Be
Page 38 and 39:
1. Introduction and Overview for Ca
Page 40 and 41:
2. Fundamentals 2.1.1 GPS System De
Page 42 and 43:
2. Fundamentals Table 2.2: Componen
Page 44 and 45:
2. Fundamentals Clock correction [n
Page 46 and 47:
2. Fundamentals Figure 2.5: GLONASS
Page 48 and 49:
2. Fundamentals Table 2.6: GLONASS
Page 50 and 51:
2. Fundamentals In contrast to the
Page 52 and 53:
2. Fundamentals 2.2 GNSS Satellite
Page 54 and 55:
2. Fundamentals 2.2.2.1 The Kepleri
Page 56 and 57:
2. Fundamentals Table 2.9: Perturbi
Page 58 and 59:
2. Fundamentals R.A. of Ascending N
Page 60 and 61:
2. Fundamentals where aROCK is the
Page 62 and 63:
2. Fundamentals By taking the deriv
Page 64 and 65:
2. Fundamentals δi error of satell
Page 66 and 67:
2. Fundamentals Ionospheric refract
Page 68 and 69:
2. Fundamentals 2.3.6.1 Ionosphere-
Page 70 and 71:
2. Fundamentals Table 2.10: Linear
Page 72 and 73:
3. Campaign Setup variable to the f
Page 74 and 75:
3. Campaign Setup Figure 3.1: Examp
Page 76 and 77:
3. Campaign Setup In this section w
Page 78 and 79:
3. Campaign Setup 3.5 Processing Ov
Page 80 and 81:
4. Import and Export of External Fi
Page 82 and 83:
Page 84 and 85:
Page 86 and 87:
Page 88 and 89:
Page 90 and 91:
Page 92 and 93:
Page 94 and 95:
Page 96 and 97:
Page 98 and 99:
Page 100 and 101:
Page 102 and 103:
Page 104 and 105:
Page 106 and 107:
Page 108 and 109:
Page 110 and 111:
Page 112 and 113:
5. Preparation of Earth Orientation
Page 114 and 115:
Page 116 and 117:
Page 118 and 119:
Page 120 and 121:
Page 122 and 123:
Page 124 and 125:
Page 126 and 127:
Page 128 and 129:
Page 130 and 131: 6. Data Preprocessing Preprocessing
Page 132 and 133: 6. Data Preprocessing (a) AS turned
Page 134 and 135: 6. Data Preprocessing 6.2.4 Code Sm
Page 136 and 137: 6. Data Preprocessing is set to 2.
Page 138 and 139: 6. Data Preprocessing 6.3.2 Preproc
Page 140 and 141: 6. Data Preprocessing RMS of kin. s
Page 142 and 143: 6. Data Preprocessing The ambiguiti
Page 144 and 145: 6. Data Preprocessing no loss of si
Page 146 and 147: 6. Data Preprocessing This epoch-di
Page 148 and 149: 6. Data Preprocessing result in lar
Page 150 and 151: 6. Data Preprocessing (e.g., from C
Page 152 and 153: 6. Data Preprocessing The second pa
Page 154 and 155: 6. Data Preprocessing GAR small pie
Page 156 and 157: 6. Data Preprocessing -------------
Page 158 and 159: 6. Data Preprocessing automated pro
Page 160 and 161: 6. Data Preprocessing 6.6.2 Generat
Page 162 and 163: 6. Data Preprocessing 6.6.3 Detect
Page 164 and 165: 6. Data Preprocessing (6) If the to
Page 166 and 167: 6. Data Preprocessing Page 138 AIUB
Page 168 and 169: 7. Parameter Estimation p u × 1 ve
Page 170 and 171: 7. Parameter Estimation The two bas
Page 172 and 173: 7. Parameter Estimation contains a
Page 174 and 175: 7. Parameter Estimation The binary
Page 176 and 177: 7. Parameter Estimation 7.5.2 Piece
Page 178 and 179: 7. Parameter Estimation The equatio
Page 182 and 183: 7. Parameter Estimation where Q 11
Page 184 and 185: 7. Parameter Estimation consequence
Page 186 and 187: 7. Parameter Estimation are address
Page 188 and 189: 7. Parameter Estimation ... ! Pre-p
Page 190 and 191: 7. Parameter Estimation The RINEX m
Page 192 and 193: 7. Parameter Estimation In a succes
Page 194 and 195: 7. Parameter Estimation Page 166 AI
Page 196 and 197: 8. Initial Phase Ambiguities and Am
Page 212 and 213: 9. Combination of Solutions 9.2 Seq
Page 214 and 215: 9. Combination of Solutions Substit
Page 216 and 217: 9. Combination of Solutions We may
Page 218 and 219: 9. Combination of Solutions files a
Page 220 and 221: 9. Combination of Solutions x x 1 t
Page 222 and 223: 9. Combination of Solutions Both re
Page 224 and 225: 9. Combination of Solutions 9.4 The
Page 226 and 227: 9. Combination of Solutions 9.4.2 G
Page 228 and 229: 9. Combination of Solutions Excepti
Page 230 and 231:
9. Combination of Solutions As alre
Page 232 and 233:
9. Combination of Solutions Table 9
Page 234 and 235:
9. Combination of Solutions The poi
Page 236 and 237:
9. Combination of Solutions (2) Tra
Page 238 and 239:
9. Combination of Solutions Step 1:
Page 240 and 241:
10. Station Coordinates and Velocit
Page 242 and 243:
Page 244 and 245:
Page 246 and 247:
Page 248 and 249:
Page 220 AIUB Station coordinates a
Page 250 and 251:
Page 252 and 253:
Page 254 and 255:
Page 256 and 257:
Page 258 and 259:
Page 260 and 261:
Page 262 and 263:
Page 264 and 265:
Page 266 and 267:
Page 268 and 269:
11. Troposphere Modeling and Estima
Page 270 and 271:
Page 272 and 273:
Page 274 and 275:
Page 276 and 277:
Page 278 and 279:
Page 280 and 281:
Page 282 and 283:
12. Ionosphere Modeling and Estimat
Page 284 and 285:
Page 286 and 287:
Page 288 and 289:
Page 290 and 291:
Page 292 and 293:
Page 294 and 295:
Page 296 and 297:
Page 298 and 299:
Page 300 and 301:
Page 302 and 303:
Page 304 and 305:
Page 306 and 307:
Page 308 and 309:
13. Differential Code Biases Promin
Page 310 and 311:
13. Differential Code Biases Figure
Page 312 and 313:
13. Differential Code Biases Figure
Page 314 and 315:
13. Differential Code Biases ======
Page 316 and 317:
13. Differential Code Biases Page 2
Page 318 and 319:
14. Clock Estimation τ (BRUS-PTBB)
Page 320 and 321:
14. Clock Estimation Here the limit
Page 322 and 323:
14. Clock Estimation to zero. All c
Page 324 and 325:
14. Clock Estimation #OBS : Number
Page 326 and 327:
14. Clock Estimation 14.3 Clock RIN
Page 328 and 329:
14. Clock Estimation cessed if CCRN
Page 330 and 331:
14. Clock Estimation RINEX files th
Page 332 and 333:
14. Clock Estimation the clock valu
Page 334 and 335:
14. Clock Estimation SINGLE POINT P
Page 336 and 337:
14. Clock Estimation Page 308 AIUB
Page 338 and 339:
15. Estimation of Satellite Orbits
Page 340 and 341:
Page 342 and 343:
Page 344 and 345:
Page 346 and 347:
Page 348 and 349:
Page 350 and 351:
Page 352 and 353:
Page 354 and 355:
Page 356 and 357:
16. Antenna Phase Center Offsets an
Page 358 and 359:
Page 360 and 361:
Page 362 and 363:
Page 364 and 365:
Page 366 and 367:
Page 368 and 369:
Page 370 and 371:
Page 372 and 373:
Page 374 and 375:
Page 376 and 377:
17. Data Simulation Tool GPSSIM 17.
Page 378 and 379:
17. Data Simulation Tool GPSSIM The
Page 380 and 381:
17. Data Simulation Tool GPSSIM The
Page 382 and 383:
17. Data Simulation Tool GPSSIM Res
Page 384 and 385:
18. The Menu System 18.2 Starting t
Page 386 and 387:
18. The Menu System 18.3.1 Menu Bar
Page 388 and 389:
18. The Menu System 18.3.5 Panel Co
Page 390 and 391:
18. The Menu System the menu the ne
Page 392 and 393:
18. The Menu System Table 18.1: Pre
Page 394 and 395:
18. The Menu System 18.5.3 System E
Page 396 and 397:
18. The Menu System 18.7 Change Opt
Page 398 and 399:
18. The Menu System 18.9 Technical
Page 400 and 401:
18. The Menu System ... ! Environme
Page 402 and 403:
18. The Menu System The keyword ENV
Page 404 and 405:
18. The Menu System ! List of Remai
Page 406 and 407:
18. The Menu System The MENUAUX-mec
Page 408 and 409:
18. The Menu System Keyword values
Page 410 and 411:
19. Bernese Processing Engine (BPE)
Page 412 and 413:
Page 414 and 415:
Page 416 and 417:
Page 418 and 419:
Page 420 and 421:
Page 422 and 423:
Page 424 and 425:
Page 426 and 427:
Page 428 and 429:
Page 430 and 431:
Page 432 and 433:
Page 434 and 435:
Page 436 and 437:
Page 438 and 439:
Page 440 and 441:
Page 442 and 443:
Page 444 and 445:
Page 446 and 447:
Page 448 and 449:
Page 450 and 451:
Page 452 and 453:
20. Processing Examples inspect the
Page 454 and 455:
20. Processing Examples 20.3.1 How
Page 456 and 457:
20. Processing Examples • (option
Page 458 and 459:
20. Processing Examples PID 111 PRE
Page 460 and 461:
20. Processing Examples 20.4.1.4 Co
Page 462 and 463:
20. Processing Examples 20.4.1.5 Ta
Page 464 and 465:
20. Processing Examples 20.4.1.7 Cr
Page 466 and 467:
20. Processing Examples 20.4.2.1 Co
Page 468 and 469:
20. Processing Examples appears in
Page 470 and 471:
20. Processing Examples PID 313 MPR
Page 472 and 473:
20. Processing Examples Further rea
Page 474 and 475:
20. Processing Examples # # Create
Page 476 and 477:
20. Processing Examples PID 101 GPS
Page 478 and 479:
20. Processing Examples The RINEX n
Page 480 and 481:
20. Processing Examples # # Preproc
Page 482 and 483:
20. Processing Examples the loop, d
Page 484 and 485:
20. Processing Examples PID 903 CLK
Page 486 and 487:
20. Processing Examples and IGS 00B
Page 488 and 489:
20. Processing Examples • Save th
Page 490 and 491:
20. Processing Examples PID 321 GPS
Page 492 and 493:
20. Processing Examples PID 301 CLK
Page 494 and 495:
21. Program Structure $C / %C% PGM
Page 496 and 497:
21. Program Structure (program GPSE
Page 498 and 499:
21. Program Structure continued fro
Page 500 and 501:
21. Program Structure continued fro
Page 502 and 503:
21. Program Structure ! -----------
Page 504 and 505:
22. Data Structure "Program" Area $
Page 506 and 507:
22. Data Structure Table 22.1: List
Page 508 and 509:
22. Data Structure 22.4.2 Geodetic
Page 510 and 511:
22. Data Structure 22.4.4 Antenna P
Page 512 and 513:
Page 484 AIUB ANTENNA PHASE CENTER
Page 514 and 515:
22. Data Structure 22.4.5 Satellite
Page 516 and 517:
22. Data Structure 22.4.6 Satellite
Page 518 and 519:
22. Data Structure DIFFERENCE OF GP
Page 520 and 521:
22. Data Structure 22.4.9 Subdaily
Page 522 and 523:
22. Data Structure EGM96 EGM96, VER
Page 524 and 525:
22. Data Structure SINEX : OPTION I
Page 526 and 527:
22. Data Structure 22.4.16 Panel Up
Page 528 and 529:
22. Data Structure 22.6.2 Header an
Page 530 and 531:
22. Data Structure 15 Antenna type(
Page 532 and 533:
22. Data Structure SVN-NUMBER= 2 ME
Page 534 and 535:
22. Data Structure -1 2 1 5 TITLE :
Page 536 and 537:
22. Data Structure Used by: ORBGEN
Page 538 and 539:
22. Data Structure 53064.00 53065.0
Page 540 and 541:
22. Data Structure CODE’S MONTHLY
Page 542 and 543:
22. Data Structure Table 22.4: Stat
Page 544 and 545:
22. Data Structure (3) TYPE 003: HA
Page 546 and 547:
22. Data Structure 22.8.4 Station P
Page 548 and 549:
22. Data Structure Remarks: • Eac
Page 550 and 551:
22. Data Structure The following st
Page 552 and 553:
22. Data Structure Table 22.7: List
Page 554 and 555:
22. Data Structure AJAC $$ FES2004
Page 556 and 557:
22. Data Structure Station sigma fi
Page 558 and 559:
22. Data Structure GOPE 11502M002 Z
Page 560 and 561:
22. Data Structure 22.8.18 Receiver
Page 562 and 563:
22. Data Structure CODE RAPID 3-DAY
Page 564 and 565:
22. Data Structure 22.9.3 Meteo and
Page 566 and 567:
22. Data Structure IONOSPHERE MODEL
Page 568 and 569:
22. Data Structure 22.10 Miscellane
Page 570 and 571:
22. Data Structure 22.10.4 Variance
Page 572 and 573:
22. Data Structure 22.10.5 Normal E
Page 574 and 575:
22. Data Structure 22.10.7 Observat
Page 576 and 577:
22. Data Structure Created by: Each
Page 578 and 579:
22. Data Structure ----------------
Page 580 and 581:
22. Data Structure 22.10.17 BPE log
Page 582 and 583:
23. Installation Guide 23.1.2 Conte
Page 584 and 585:
23. Installation Guide 23.1.3.2 Ins
Page 586 and 587:
23. Installation Guide BERN50 : $C
Page 588 and 589:
23. Installation Guide If you have
Page 590 and 591:
23. Installation Guide To make the
Page 592 and 593:
23. Installation Guide List of Inst
Page 594 and 595:
23. Installation Guide 23.2.4 Confi
Page 596 and 597:
23. Installation Guide Configure me
Page 598 and 599:
23. Installation Guide ${P}/EXAMPLE
Page 600 and 601:
23. Installation Guide To recompile
Page 602 and 603:
23. Installation Guide Page 574 AIU
Page 604 and 605:
24. The Step from Version 4.2 to Ve
Page 606 and 607:
Page 608 and 609:
Page 610 and 611:
BIBLIOGRAPHY Bock, H. (2004), Effic
Page 612 and 613:
BIBLIOGRAPHY Janes, H. W., R. B. La
Page 614 and 615:
BIBLIOGRAPHY Schaer, S. (1998), COD
Page 616 and 617:
BIBLIOGRAPHY Page 588 AIUB
Page 618 and 619:
INDEX OF PROGRAMS NEQ2ASC, 207, 541
Page 620 and 621:
Index of Program Panels CODSPP 2: I
Page 622 and 623:
Index of Program Panels MKCLUS 3: R
Page 624 and 625:
INDEX OF KEYWORDS Antenna verificat
Page 626 and 627:
INDEX OF KEYWORDS Cluster definitio
Page 628 and 629:
INDEX OF KEYWORDS variance-covarian
Page 630 and 631:
INDEX OF KEYWORDS orbit products, 1
Page 632 and 633:
INDEX OF KEYWORDS Multi-session sol
Page 634 and 635:
INDEX OF KEYWORDS Orbital elements
Page 636 and 637:
INDEX OF KEYWORDS Receiver antenna
Page 638 and 639:
INDEX OF KEYWORDS orbit modeling, 9
Page 640:
INDEX OF KEYWORDS WGS-84, 19, 88, 2
show all

Bernese GPS Software Version 5.0 - Bernese GNSS Software

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?