Bernese GPS Software Version 5.0 - Bernese GNSS Software

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15. Estimation of Satellite Orbits and Earth Orientation Parameters Page 326 AIUB
16. Antenna Phase Center Offsets and Variations 16.1 Introduction When introducing the observation equations in Section 2.3 the term ̺i k was denoted as the “geometric distance between satellite i (at signal emission time t − τ) and receiver k (at signal reception time t)”. The points with respect to which the geometrical distance ̺i k should be measured have of course to be specified precisely. These points are called antenna phase centers. GNSS signals from individual satellites arrive at the receiver antenna from different directions. The position of the antenna phase center depends on this direction. This directiondependence is what we call antenna phase center variations. We also have to take into account that the antenna phase center offset (with respect to the antenna reference point) and the antenna phase center variations (with respect to the mean antenna phase center) are not identical for L1 and L2 carriers. Furthermore, radomes that are used at many stations to protect the GNSS receiver antennas from multipath and environmental effects have an impact on the antenna phase center variations. If highest accuracy is required each individual antenna has to be calibrated to obtain its phase center corrections which then have to be applied in the analysis. For most applications it can be assumed that antenna phase center variations depend only on antenna and radome type. Nevertheless the effect has to be carefully modeled, especially if different antenna/radome combinations with individual characteristics are used simultaneously. Ignoring the antenna phase center corrections relative station height error may reach values of up to 10 cm – independent of the baseline length. If only antennas of the same type are used, the main effect is a scale factor in the network of up to about 0.015 ppm due to the fact that antennas ”see” the same satellite under different elevation angles for long distances. For the transmitting antennas of the satellites of course a similar antenna phase center variation is expected. The nadir angles of the lines of sight from one satellite to the individual stations in a large scale network are different. Analogous to receiver antennas a scale factor for the network solution is thus expected. Relative antenna phase center models have been used within the IGS for a long time to account for this effect (model name: IGS 01). One antenna type (AOAD/M T without radome) has been assumed to represent a “perfect” antenna without any direction dependence of the antenna phase center. All other antenna types were calibrated relative to this Bernese GPS Software Version 5.0 Page 327
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Bernese GPS Software Version 5.0 Ed
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Bernese GPS Software Version 5.0 As
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Contents 2.3.6.1 Ionosphere-Free Li
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Contents 6.3.3 Kinematic Stations .
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Contents 9.4.4 Pre-Elimination Opti
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Contents 13.2 How to Correct P1-P2
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Contents 18.3.2 Command Bar . . . .
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Contents 20.4 Description of the Pr
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Contents 22.8.2 Station Abbreviatio
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Contents Page XVI AIUB
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List of Figures 5.1 Flow diagram of
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List of Figures 13.3 P1-C1 code bia
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List of Figures 22.20 Tabular orbit
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List of Tables 12.2 Influences of t
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1. Introduction and Overview • bu
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1. Introduction and Overview Table
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1. Introduction and Overview • Th
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1. Introduction and Overview The Be
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1. Introduction and Overview for Ca
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2. Fundamentals 2.1.1 GPS System De
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2. Fundamentals Table 2.2: Componen
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2. Fundamentals Clock correction [n
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2. Fundamentals Figure 2.5: GLONASS
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2. Fundamentals Table 2.6: GLONASS
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2. Fundamentals In contrast to the
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2. Fundamentals 2.2 GNSS Satellite
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2. Fundamentals 2.2.2.1 The Kepleri
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2. Fundamentals Table 2.9: Perturbi
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2. Fundamentals R.A. of Ascending N
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2. Fundamentals where aROCK is the
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2. Fundamentals By taking the deriv
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2. Fundamentals δi error of satell
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2. Fundamentals Ionospheric refract
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2. Fundamentals 2.3.6.1 Ionosphere-
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2. Fundamentals Table 2.10: Linear
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3. Campaign Setup variable to the f
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3. Campaign Setup Figure 3.1: Examp
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3. Campaign Setup In this section w
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3. Campaign Setup 3.5 Processing Ov
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4. Import and Export of External Fi
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5. Preparation of Earth Orientation
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6. Data Preprocessing Preprocessing
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6. Data Preprocessing (a) AS turned
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6. Data Preprocessing 6.2.4 Code Sm
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6. Data Preprocessing is set to 2.
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6. Data Preprocessing 6.3.2 Preproc
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6. Data Preprocessing RMS of kin. s
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6. Data Preprocessing The ambiguiti
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6. Data Preprocessing no loss of si
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6. Data Preprocessing This epoch-di
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6. Data Preprocessing result in lar
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6. Data Preprocessing (e.g., from C
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6. Data Preprocessing The second pa
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6. Data Preprocessing GAR small pie
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6. Data Preprocessing -------------
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6. Data Preprocessing automated pro
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6. Data Preprocessing 6.6.2 Generat
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6. Data Preprocessing 6.6.3 Detect
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6. Data Preprocessing (6) If the to
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6. Data Preprocessing Page 138 AIUB
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7. Parameter Estimation p u × 1 ve
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7. Parameter Estimation The two bas
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7. Parameter Estimation contains a
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7. Parameter Estimation The binary
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7. Parameter Estimation 7.5.2 Piece
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7. Parameter Estimation The equatio
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7. Parameter Estimation 7.5.4.4 Fix
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7. Parameter Estimation where Q 11
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7. Parameter Estimation consequence
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7. Parameter Estimation are address
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7. Parameter Estimation ... ! Pre-p
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7. Parameter Estimation The RINEX m
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7. Parameter Estimation In a succes
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7. Parameter Estimation Page 166 AI
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8. Initial Phase Ambiguities and Am
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9. Combination of Solutions 9.2 Seq
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9. Combination of Solutions Substit
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9. Combination of Solutions We may
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9. Combination of Solutions files a
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9. Combination of Solutions x x 1 t
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9. Combination of Solutions Both re
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9. Combination of Solutions 9.4 The
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9. Combination of Solutions 9.4.2 G
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9. Combination of Solutions Excepti
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9. Combination of Solutions As alre
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9. Combination of Solutions Table 9
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9. Combination of Solutions The poi
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9. Combination of Solutions (2) Tra
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9. Combination of Solutions Step 1:
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10. Station Coordinates and Velocit
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Page 220 AIUB Station coordinates a
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11. Troposphere Modeling and Estima
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12. Ionosphere Modeling and Estimat
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Page 304 and 305: 12. Ionosphere Modeling and Estimat
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Page 318 and 319: 14. Clock Estimation τ (BRUS-PTBB)
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Page 326 and 327: 14. Clock Estimation 14.3 Clock RIN
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Page 338 and 339: 15. Estimation of Satellite Orbits
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Page 384 and 385: 18. The Menu System 18.2 Starting t
Page 386 and 387: 18. The Menu System 18.3.1 Menu Bar
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18. The Menu System ! List of Remai
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18. The Menu System The MENUAUX-mec
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18. The Menu System Keyword values
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19. Bernese Processing Engine (BPE)
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20. Processing Examples inspect the
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20. Processing Examples 20.3.1 How
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20. Processing Examples • (option
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20. Processing Examples PID 111 PRE
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20. Processing Examples 20.4.1.4 Co
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20. Processing Examples 20.4.1.5 Ta
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20. Processing Examples 20.4.1.7 Cr
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20. Processing Examples 20.4.2.1 Co
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20. Processing Examples appears in
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20. Processing Examples PID 313 MPR
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20. Processing Examples Further rea
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20. Processing Examples # # Create
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20. Processing Examples PID 101 GPS
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20. Processing Examples The RINEX n
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20. Processing Examples # # Preproc
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20. Processing Examples the loop, d
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20. Processing Examples PID 903 CLK
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20. Processing Examples and IGS 00B
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20. Processing Examples • Save th
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20. Processing Examples PID 321 GPS
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20. Processing Examples PID 301 CLK
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21. Program Structure $C / %C% PGM
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21. Program Structure (program GPSE
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21. Program Structure continued fro
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21. Program Structure continued fro
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21. Program Structure ! -----------
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22. Data Structure "Program" Area $
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22. Data Structure Table 22.1: List
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22. Data Structure 22.4.2 Geodetic
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22. Data Structure 22.4.4 Antenna P
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Page 484 AIUB ANTENNA PHASE CENTER
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22. Data Structure 22.4.5 Satellite
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22. Data Structure 22.4.6 Satellite
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22. Data Structure DIFFERENCE OF GP
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22. Data Structure 22.4.9 Subdaily
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22. Data Structure EGM96 EGM96, VER
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22. Data Structure SINEX : OPTION I
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22. Data Structure 22.4.16 Panel Up
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22. Data Structure 22.6.2 Header an
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22. Data Structure 15 Antenna type(
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22. Data Structure SVN-NUMBER= 2 ME
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22. Data Structure -1 2 1 5 TITLE :
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22. Data Structure Used by: ORBGEN
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22. Data Structure 53064.00 53065.0
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22. Data Structure CODE’S MONTHLY
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22. Data Structure Table 22.4: Stat
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22. Data Structure (3) TYPE 003: HA
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22. Data Structure 22.8.4 Station P
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22. Data Structure Remarks: • Eac
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22. Data Structure The following st
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22. Data Structure Table 22.7: List
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22. Data Structure AJAC $$ FES2004
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22. Data Structure Station sigma fi
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22. Data Structure GOPE 11502M002 Z
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22. Data Structure 22.8.18 Receiver
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22. Data Structure CODE RAPID 3-DAY
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22. Data Structure 22.9.3 Meteo and
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22. Data Structure IONOSPHERE MODEL
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22. Data Structure 22.10 Miscellane
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22. Data Structure 22.10.4 Variance
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22. Data Structure 22.10.5 Normal E
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22. Data Structure 22.10.7 Observat
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22. Data Structure Created by: Each
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22. Data Structure ----------------
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22. Data Structure 22.10.17 BPE log
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23. Installation Guide 23.1.2 Conte
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23. Installation Guide 23.1.3.2 Ins
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23. Installation Guide BERN50 : $C
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23. Installation Guide If you have
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23. Installation Guide To make the
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23. Installation Guide List of Inst
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23. Installation Guide 23.2.4 Confi
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23. Installation Guide Configure me
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23. Installation Guide ${P}/EXAMPLE
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23. Installation Guide To recompile
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23. Installation Guide Page 574 AIU
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24. The Step from Version 4.2 to Ve
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Bock, H. (2004), Effic
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Janes, H. W., R. B. La
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Schaer, S. (1998), COD
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Page 588 AIUB
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INDEX OF PROGRAMS NEQ2ASC, 207, 541
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Index of Program Panels CODSPP 2: I
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Index of Program Panels MKCLUS 3: R
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INDEX OF KEYWORDS Antenna verificat
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INDEX OF KEYWORDS Cluster definitio
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INDEX OF KEYWORDS variance-covarian
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INDEX OF KEYWORDS orbit products, 1
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INDEX OF KEYWORDS Multi-session sol
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INDEX OF KEYWORDS Orbital elements
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INDEX OF KEYWORDS Receiver antenna
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INDEX OF KEYWORDS orbit modeling, 9
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INDEX OF KEYWORDS WGS-84, 19, 88, 2
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