Bernese GPS Software Version 5.0 - Bernese GNSS Software

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7. Parameter Estimation consequence, e.g., sensor offsets (in the inertial frame) are computed based on attitude information and no site displacements due to tides or tropospheric corrections are applied. For CHAMP the corresponding section in the file looks like TYPE 005: HANDLING STATION TYPES -------------------------------- STATION NAME FLG FROM TO MARKER TYPE ... **************** *** YYYY MM DD HH MM SS YYYY MM DD HH MM SS ************ ... CHAM L06 001 2000 07 15 00 00 00 2099 12 31 00 00 00 SPACEBORNE • The satellite has to be listed in both sections of the satellite information file (e.g., ${X}/GEN/SATELLIT.I05, description in Section 22.4.5). The LEO satellite requires a PRN number between 901 and 999. The attitude flag has to be specified in the first section of the file (description at end of the file), satellite name – the same as the name in the station information file – as well as the sensor offsets, boresight and azimuth vectors in the satellite-fixed frame have to be specified in the second section (definition at end of the file). Some of the LEOs equipped with GPS receivers are already included in the satellite information file that may be downloaded from CODE (http://www.aiub.unibe.ch/download/BSWUSER50/GEN, see Section 4.12.1). • The phase center file (description in Section 22.4.4) must contain the antenna specified in the RINEX file or in section TYPE 002: STATION INFORMATION of the station information file. Frequency dependent phase center patterns (if available) and phase center offsets are taken from this file. Sensor offsets, on the other hand, are taken from the satellite information file. We refer to Section 16.2.4 for more details. • The receiver together with the corresponding code tracking information has to be included in the receiver information file (${X}/GEN/RECEIVER., description in Section 22.4.3). • Due to technical reasons the coordinate file needs to contain an entry for the satellite (with the same name as in all other files). The coordinates may be zero. A coordinate file used, e.g., for CHAMP may thus look like COORDINATE FILE FOR CHAMP DATA SIMULATION 03-MAY-04 09:21 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- LOCAL GEODETIC DATUM: IGS00 EPOCH: 2004-05-01 12:00:00 NUM STATION NAME X (M) Y (M) Z (M) FLAG ... 321 CHAM L06 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 ... • Before starting the LEO data processing, the parameter MAXAMB in ${I}/P GPSEST.f90 and ${I}/M MAXDIM.f90 should be increased. Due to the fast changing constellation seen by a LEO, the number of ambiguities per day is much larger than for ground stations. We recommend to set at least MAXAMB = 600 to process a data set of 24 hours. This requires a complete compilation of the software using the COMPLINK command (see Sections 23.2.6 and 23.1.5). Page 156 AIUB
7.7.1.2 Processing LEO Data 7.7 Special Applications GPSEST allows the computation of dynamic, reduced-dynamic, and kinematic orbits for LEOs in both, zero-difference and double-difference mode [Bock, 2004], [Jäggi, 2006]. For most applications we recommend a PPP-style processing. Just like for ground stations zerodifference observation files are processed introducing precise high-rate GPS clock corrections which may, e.g., be downloaded from CODE (see Section 4.12.1). These clocks have to be consistent with the GNSS satellite orbits and the used Earth orientation parameters. PPP for ground stations is described in Section 10.5. Sensor offsets are applied using the satellite’s attitude information which may stem from an attitude file (see Sections 22.7.13 and 7.7.1.3), or they are computed based on the attitude flag specified in the satellite information file. Since each LEO mission provides the satellite attitude information in a different file format we will describe the procedure how these files may be used within the Bernese GPS Software, Version 5.0 in Section 7.7.1.3. Some programs have an option to explicitly activate the LEO data processing. In general, this option can be found in the top panel of the corresponding programs (e.g., “GPSEST 1.1: Input Files 1”, “LEO data processing”). Tropospheric refraction is automatically disabled for a spaceborne receiver in all processing programs. At LEO altitudes, the ionosphere has in general a still significant effect on the signal propagation. This effect needs to be eliminated by analyzing the ionosphere-free linear combination. Usually the elevation cutoff angle can be set to a very low value or even to zero. An elevation-dependent weighting may be appropriate if significant multipath is present. The processing steps for a LEO orbit determination are the following: (1) The import of a LEO RINEX file is done with program RXOBV3 (see Section 4.2.3). (2) An initial orbit may be generated based on code observations using program CODSPP in kinematic mode (see Section 6.3.3). Within this CODSPP run the receiver clock is synchronized to GPS system time, too. Although no files are available to be selected for “LEO standard orbit” in panel “CODSPP 1.2: LEO Files”, the checkbox “LEO files” has to be activated in panel “CODSPP 1: Filenames”. (3) The resulting kinematic coordinate file (description in Section 22.8.9) has to be converted to a precise orbit file (description in Section 4.4.1) with program KINPRE. This program is not accessible through the menu and has to be executed using the RUNGPS command (see Section 18.8). (4) From the precise file a standard orbit is computed using programs PRETAB and ORBGEN, following the instructions in Section 5.4. The orbit integration has to be based on a recent gravity field model (e.g., ${X}/GEN/EIGEN2.) with a degree and order exceeding 70. Select an integration step size of at least 0.05 hours (3 minutes) for the equation of motion in panel “ORBGEN 3.2: Options”, option “EQUATION OF MO- TION: Length of interval”. You have to pay attention to set the integration step size to the same value for all subsequent ORBGEN runs for the Low Earth Orbiter. In order to have the possibility for an orbit improvement, a “Radiation pressure coeff.” file has to be specified in panel “ORBGEN 2: Result and Output Files”). You may set up all dynamical parameters in panel “ORBGEN 4: Parameter Selection”. The dynamical parameters Bernese GPS Software Version 5.0 Page 157
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Bernese GPS Software Version 5.0 Ed
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Bernese GPS Software Version 5.0 As
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Contents 2.3.6.1 Ionosphere-Free Li
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Contents 6.3.3 Kinematic Stations .
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Contents 9.4.4 Pre-Elimination Opti
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Contents 13.2 How to Correct P1-P2
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Contents 18.3.2 Command Bar . . . .
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Contents 20.4 Description of the Pr
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Contents 22.8.2 Station Abbreviatio
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Contents Page XVI AIUB
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List of Figures 5.1 Flow diagram of
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List of Figures 13.3 P1-C1 code bia
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List of Figures 22.20 Tabular orbit
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List of Tables 12.2 Influences of t
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1. Introduction and Overview • bu
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1. Introduction and Overview Table
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1. Introduction and Overview • Th
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1. Introduction and Overview The Be
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1. Introduction and Overview for Ca
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2. Fundamentals 2.1.1 GPS System De
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2. Fundamentals Table 2.2: Componen
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2. Fundamentals Clock correction [n
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2. Fundamentals Figure 2.5: GLONASS
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2. Fundamentals Table 2.6: GLONASS
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2. Fundamentals In contrast to the
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2. Fundamentals 2.2 GNSS Satellite
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2. Fundamentals 2.2.2.1 The Kepleri
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2. Fundamentals Table 2.9: Perturbi
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2. Fundamentals R.A. of Ascending N
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2. Fundamentals where aROCK is the
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2. Fundamentals By taking the deriv
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2. Fundamentals δi error of satell
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2. Fundamentals Ionospheric refract
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2. Fundamentals 2.3.6.1 Ionosphere-
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2. Fundamentals Table 2.10: Linear
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3. Campaign Setup variable to the f
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3. Campaign Setup Figure 3.1: Examp
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3. Campaign Setup In this section w
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3. Campaign Setup 3.5 Processing Ov
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4. Import and Export of External Fi
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5. Preparation of Earth Orientation
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6. Data Preprocessing Preprocessing
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6. Data Preprocessing (a) AS turned
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9. Combination of Solutions The poi
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9. Combination of Solutions (2) Tra
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9. Combination of Solutions Step 1:
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10. Station Coordinates and Velocit
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Page 220 AIUB Station coordinates a
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11. Troposphere Modeling and Estima
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12. Ionosphere Modeling and Estimat
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13. Differential Code Biases Promin
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13. Differential Code Biases Figure
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13. Differential Code Biases Figure
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13. Differential Code Biases ======
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13. Differential Code Biases Page 2
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14. Clock Estimation τ (BRUS-PTBB)
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14. Clock Estimation Here the limit
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14. Clock Estimation to zero. All c
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14. Clock Estimation #OBS : Number
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14. Clock Estimation 14.3 Clock RIN
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14. Clock Estimation cessed if CCRN
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14. Clock Estimation RINEX files th
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14. Clock Estimation the clock valu
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14. Clock Estimation SINGLE POINT P
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15. Estimation of Satellite Orbits
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16. Antenna Phase Center Offsets an
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17. Data Simulation Tool GPSSIM 17.
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17. Data Simulation Tool GPSSIM The
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17. Data Simulation Tool GPSSIM The
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17. Data Simulation Tool GPSSIM Res
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18. The Menu System 18.2 Starting t
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18. The Menu System 18.3.1 Menu Bar
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18. The Menu System 18.3.5 Panel Co
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18. The Menu System the menu the ne
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18. The Menu System Table 18.1: Pre
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18. The Menu System 18.5.3 System E
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18. The Menu System 18.7 Change Opt
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18. The Menu System 18.9 Technical
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18. The Menu System ... ! Environme
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18. The Menu System The keyword ENV
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18. The Menu System ! List of Remai
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18. The Menu System The MENUAUX-mec
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18. The Menu System Keyword values
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19. Bernese Processing Engine (BPE)
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20. Processing Examples inspect the
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20. Processing Examples 20.3.1 How
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20. Processing Examples • (option
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20. Processing Examples PID 111 PRE
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20. Processing Examples 20.4.1.5 Ta
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20. Processing Examples 20.4.1.7 Cr
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20. Processing Examples appears in
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20. Processing Examples PID 313 MPR
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20. Processing Examples Further rea
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20. Processing Examples # # Create
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20. Processing Examples PID 101 GPS
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20. Processing Examples The RINEX n
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20. Processing Examples # # Preproc
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20. Processing Examples the loop, d
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20. Processing Examples PID 903 CLK
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20. Processing Examples and IGS 00B
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20. Processing Examples • Save th
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20. Processing Examples PID 321 GPS
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20. Processing Examples PID 301 CLK
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21. Program Structure $C / %C% PGM
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21. Program Structure (program GPSE
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21. Program Structure continued fro
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21. Program Structure ! -----------
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22. Data Structure "Program" Area $
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22. Data Structure Table 22.1: List
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22. Data Structure 22.4.2 Geodetic
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22. Data Structure 22.4.4 Antenna P
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Page 484 AIUB ANTENNA PHASE CENTER
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22. Data Structure 22.4.5 Satellite
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22. Data Structure 22.4.6 Satellite
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22. Data Structure DIFFERENCE OF GP
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22. Data Structure 22.4.9 Subdaily
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22. Data Structure EGM96 EGM96, VER
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22. Data Structure SINEX : OPTION I
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22. Data Structure 22.4.16 Panel Up
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22. Data Structure 22.6.2 Header an
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22. Data Structure 15 Antenna type(
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22. Data Structure SVN-NUMBER= 2 ME
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22. Data Structure -1 2 1 5 TITLE :
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22. Data Structure Used by: ORBGEN
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22. Data Structure 53064.00 53065.0
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22. Data Structure CODE’S MONTHLY
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22. Data Structure Table 22.4: Stat
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22. Data Structure (3) TYPE 003: HA
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22. Data Structure 22.8.4 Station P
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22. Data Structure Remarks: • Eac
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22. Data Structure The following st
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22. Data Structure Table 22.7: List
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22. Data Structure AJAC $$ FES2004
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22. Data Structure Station sigma fi
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22. Data Structure GOPE 11502M002 Z
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22. Data Structure 22.8.18 Receiver
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22. Data Structure CODE RAPID 3-DAY
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22. Data Structure 22.9.3 Meteo and
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22. Data Structure IONOSPHERE MODEL
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22. Data Structure 22.10 Miscellane
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22. Data Structure 22.10.4 Variance
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22. Data Structure 22.10.5 Normal E
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22. Data Structure 22.10.7 Observat
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22. Data Structure Created by: Each
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22. Data Structure ----------------
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22. Data Structure 22.10.17 BPE log
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23. Installation Guide 23.1.2 Conte
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23. Installation Guide 23.1.3.2 Ins
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23. Installation Guide BERN50 : $C
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23. Installation Guide If you have
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23. Installation Guide To make the
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23. Installation Guide List of Inst
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23. Installation Guide 23.2.4 Confi
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23. Installation Guide Configure me
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23. Installation Guide ${P}/EXAMPLE
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23. Installation Guide To recompile
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23. Installation Guide Page 574 AIU
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24. The Step from Version 4.2 to Ve
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Bock, H. (2004), Effic
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Janes, H. W., R. B. La
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Schaer, S. (1998), COD
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Page 588 AIUB
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INDEX OF PROGRAMS NEQ2ASC, 207, 541
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Index of Program Panels CODSPP 2: I
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Index of Program Panels MKCLUS 3: R
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INDEX OF KEYWORDS Antenna verificat
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INDEX OF KEYWORDS Cluster definitio
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INDEX OF KEYWORDS variance-covarian
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INDEX OF KEYWORDS orbit products, 1
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INDEX OF KEYWORDS Multi-session sol
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INDEX OF KEYWORDS Orbital elements
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INDEX OF KEYWORDS Receiver antenna
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INDEX OF KEYWORDS orbit modeling, 9
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INDEX OF KEYWORDS WGS-84, 19, 88, 2
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