Bernese GPS Software Version 5.0 - Bernese GNSS Software

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11. Troposphere Modeling and Estimation system (see Section 9.3.10). As a result the output troposphere file will contain no troposphere values or an incomplete set for these stations. CODE daily troposphere estimates in the form of Bernese troposphere files are available through anonymous ftp (http://www.aiub.unibe.ch/download/BSWUSER50/ATM/) for all the global sites processed by CODE. 11.5.2 Files Containing Meteorological Data As already mentioned in Section 11.4.1 the input values for the troposphere a priori model may stem from meteorological measurements (instead of using a standard atmosphere model). These values must be introduced into the software in the form of so called meteo files. You may either prepare these files manually (e.g., by using an ASCII editor) or they may be converted from RINEX meteo files using program RXMBV3 (see Section 4.10). One file contains the information for a single station. There are three different types of meteo files supported by the Bernese GPS Software Version 5.0 (see Section 22.9.3, Figures 22.48–22.49). The first type contains pressure, temperature, and humidity values; the second contains pressure, and dry and wet temperature; the last type is somewhat different because it contains no surface meteorological measurements per se but directly the total tropospheric zenith delays (e.g., as obtained from Water Vapor Radiometers). Be aware, that if meteo files of type 3 are introduced, no a priori troposphere model is used and the tropospheric delay in Eqns. (2.34) will be simply the value given in the files (interpolated for the current epoch) divided by cos z as mapping function. Note that troposphere result files cannot be re-introduced if the a priori model is based on introduced meteorological data. 11.5.3 Troposphere SINEX Files This format is internationally adopted and may be used to exchange station-related total zenith delay estimates and, optionally, the station coordinates the delay values are based on. This option is a clear indicator for the high correlation between both parameter types. The corresponding format specifications are available at ftp://ftp.igs.org/igscb/data/ format/sinex_tropo.txt (see also Section 22.9.2 and [Kouba et al., 1996]). Troposphere SINEX files may be written by programs GPSEST and ADDNEQ2 (do not forget to choose the correct SINEX header file in the “General Files” panel). To write a troposphere SINEX file you have to define the offset and time resolution you want to use for the parameters written to the file (option “EXTRACTION OF PARAMETERS FOR TROPOSPHERE SINEX FILE” in “GPSEST 6.3.1: Site-Specific Troposphere Parameters 1” and in “ADDNEQ2 9: Options for Atmospheric Parameters”, respectively). The offset and time resolution specified is independent of the offset and spacing of the parameters. This options simply define at what epochs the piece-wise function shall be evaluated. In the Bernese GPS Software Version 5.0 the troposphere SINEX format is an output file format, only. There is no way to directly introduce troposphere SINEX files. Page 250 AIUB
11.6 Remarks and Hints on Troposphere Estimation 11.6 Remarks and Hints on Troposphere Estimation Let us close the troposphere chapter with some general remarks and recommendations concerning the troposphere estimation in the Bernese GPS Software: (1) It is recommended to always estimate site-specific troposphere parameters. Usually the dry part of the troposphere is accounted for by the a priori model (DRY NIELL) and the remaining wet part is estimated and mapped with an appropriate function (WET NIELL). A time resolution of 1 or 2 hours is reasonable for standard analyses. (2) The only exception to the previous point are “rapid static” scenarios with short observation times (below 1 hour). In this case it may be best to just use an a priori model (NIELL) to account for both, the dry and wet part, of the troposphere. (3) The estimation of horizontal troposphere gradients is recommended, even in small networks. An exception may be the processing of single baselines. Usually the time resolution for gradients is much smaller than for zenith path delay parameters (e.g., one set of gradients per day). For the estimation of reasonable gradient parameters, data gathered at low elevations is absolutely essential. (4) The use of low elevation data (below 10 o ) is strongly recommended to decorrelate troposphere estimates and station heights (particularly in small local campaigns). (5) For parameter intervals longer than, let us say, 1 hour, it is usually not necessary to impose relative constraints. If kinematic coordinates are estimated relative troposphere constraints may be necessary also for longer time intervals. (6) For small local campaigns it makes sense to estimate troposphere parameters for all but one station (due to strong correlations between the troposphere parameters of the stations included). Another possibility is to absolutely constrain the parameters for one station. (7) If tropospheric delays from global solutions are available for some stations (e.g., from CODE, see input files in previous section), it may be a good idea to introduce these values in your processing and estimate troposphere corrections only for the remaining stations. When making consistent use of the CODE coordinates, orbits, Earth orientation parameters, and troposphere estimates for the IGS stations included in your network, you are able to get results that are almost identical to those you would obtain by processing your (local) network data together with the global data set. 1 Of course the few points above are generalized and not universally valid. As always it is left to the user to figure out the options which work best for his needs. Consult Section 7.7.2 for a description of the troposphere handling for the processing of SLR observations. 1 Since GPS week 1400 (2006-Nov-05; day of year 309) CODE is using the GMF (Global Mapping Function; see [Boehm et al., 2006]) for its processing. Because GMF is not available in Version 5.0 of Bernese GPS Software it is not possible to introduce CODE troposphere estimates after this date. Bernese GPS Software Version 5.0 Page 251
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Bernese GPS Software Version 5.0 Ed
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Bernese GPS Software Version 5.0 As
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Contents 2.3.6.1 Ionosphere-Free Li
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Contents 6.3.3 Kinematic Stations .
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Contents 9.4.4 Pre-Elimination Opti
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Contents 13.2 How to Correct P1-P2
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Contents 18.3.2 Command Bar . . . .
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Contents 20.4 Description of the Pr
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Contents 22.8.2 Station Abbreviatio
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Contents Page XVI AIUB
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List of Figures 5.1 Flow diagram of
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List of Figures 13.3 P1-C1 code bia
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List of Figures 22.20 Tabular orbit
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List of Tables 12.2 Influences of t
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1. Introduction and Overview • bu
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1. Introduction and Overview Table
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1. Introduction and Overview • Th
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1. Introduction and Overview The Be
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1. Introduction and Overview for Ca
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2. Fundamentals 2.1.1 GPS System De
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2. Fundamentals Table 2.2: Componen
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2. Fundamentals Clock correction [n
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2. Fundamentals Figure 2.5: GLONASS
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2. Fundamentals Table 2.6: GLONASS
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2. Fundamentals In contrast to the
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2. Fundamentals 2.2 GNSS Satellite
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2. Fundamentals 2.2.2.1 The Kepleri
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2. Fundamentals Table 2.9: Perturbi
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2. Fundamentals R.A. of Ascending N
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2. Fundamentals where aROCK is the
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2. Fundamentals By taking the deriv
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2. Fundamentals δi error of satell
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2. Fundamentals Ionospheric refract
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2. Fundamentals 2.3.6.1 Ionosphere-
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2. Fundamentals Table 2.10: Linear
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3. Campaign Setup variable to the f
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3. Campaign Setup Figure 3.1: Examp
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3. Campaign Setup In this section w
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3. Campaign Setup 3.5 Processing Ov
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4. Import and Export of External Fi
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5. Preparation of Earth Orientation
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6. Data Preprocessing Preprocessing
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6. Data Preprocessing (a) AS turned
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6. Data Preprocessing 6.2.4 Code Sm
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6. Data Preprocessing is set to 2.
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6. Data Preprocessing 6.3.2 Preproc
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6. Data Preprocessing RMS of kin. s
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6. Data Preprocessing The ambiguiti
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6. Data Preprocessing no loss of si
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6. Data Preprocessing This epoch-di
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6. Data Preprocessing result in lar
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6. Data Preprocessing (e.g., from C
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6. Data Preprocessing The second pa
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6. Data Preprocessing GAR small pie
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6. Data Preprocessing -------------
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6. Data Preprocessing automated pro
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6. Data Preprocessing 6.6.2 Generat
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6. Data Preprocessing 6.6.3 Detect
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6. Data Preprocessing (6) If the to
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6. Data Preprocessing Page 138 AIUB
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7. Parameter Estimation p u × 1 ve
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7. Parameter Estimation The two bas
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7. Parameter Estimation contains a
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7. Parameter Estimation The binary
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7. Parameter Estimation 7.5.2 Piece
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7. Parameter Estimation The equatio
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7. Parameter Estimation 7.5.4.4 Fix
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7. Parameter Estimation where Q 11
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7. Parameter Estimation consequence
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7. Parameter Estimation are address
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7. Parameter Estimation ... ! Pre-p
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7. Parameter Estimation The RINEX m
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7. Parameter Estimation In a succes
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7. Parameter Estimation Page 166 AI
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8. Initial Phase Ambiguities and Am
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9. Combination of Solutions 9.2 Seq
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9. Combination of Solutions Substit
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9. Combination of Solutions We may
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9. Combination of Solutions files a
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9. Combination of Solutions x x 1 t
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9. Combination of Solutions Both re
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9. Combination of Solutions 9.4 The
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9. Combination of Solutions 9.4.2 G
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14. Clock Estimation cessed if CCRN
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14. Clock Estimation RINEX files th
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14. Clock Estimation the clock valu
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14. Clock Estimation SINGLE POINT P
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15. Estimation of Satellite Orbits
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16. Antenna Phase Center Offsets an
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17. Data Simulation Tool GPSSIM 17.
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17. Data Simulation Tool GPSSIM The
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17. Data Simulation Tool GPSSIM The
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17. Data Simulation Tool GPSSIM Res
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18. The Menu System 18.2 Starting t
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18. The Menu System 18.3.1 Menu Bar
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18. The Menu System 18.3.5 Panel Co
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18. The Menu System the menu the ne
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18. The Menu System Table 18.1: Pre
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18. The Menu System 18.5.3 System E
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18. The Menu System 18.7 Change Opt
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18. The Menu System 18.9 Technical
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18. The Menu System ... ! Environme
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18. The Menu System The keyword ENV
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18. The Menu System ! List of Remai
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18. The Menu System The MENUAUX-mec
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18. The Menu System Keyword values
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19. Bernese Processing Engine (BPE)
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20. Processing Examples inspect the
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20. Processing Examples 20.3.1 How
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20. Processing Examples • (option
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20. Processing Examples PID 111 PRE
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20. Processing Examples 20.4.1.4 Co
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20. Processing Examples 20.4.1.5 Ta
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20. Processing Examples 20.4.1.7 Cr
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20. Processing Examples 20.4.2.1 Co
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20. Processing Examples appears in
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20. Processing Examples PID 313 MPR
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20. Processing Examples Further rea
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20. Processing Examples # # Create
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20. Processing Examples PID 101 GPS
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20. Processing Examples The RINEX n
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20. Processing Examples # # Preproc
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20. Processing Examples the loop, d
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20. Processing Examples PID 903 CLK
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20. Processing Examples and IGS 00B
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20. Processing Examples • Save th
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20. Processing Examples PID 321 GPS
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20. Processing Examples PID 301 CLK
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21. Program Structure $C / %C% PGM
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21. Program Structure (program GPSE
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21. Program Structure continued fro
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21. Program Structure ! -----------
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22. Data Structure "Program" Area $
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22. Data Structure Table 22.1: List
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22. Data Structure 22.4.2 Geodetic
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22. Data Structure 22.4.4 Antenna P
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Page 484 AIUB ANTENNA PHASE CENTER
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22. Data Structure 22.4.5 Satellite
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22. Data Structure 22.4.6 Satellite
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22. Data Structure DIFFERENCE OF GP
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22. Data Structure 22.4.9 Subdaily
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22. Data Structure EGM96 EGM96, VER
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22. Data Structure SINEX : OPTION I
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22. Data Structure 22.4.16 Panel Up
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22. Data Structure 22.6.2 Header an
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22. Data Structure 15 Antenna type(
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22. Data Structure SVN-NUMBER= 2 ME
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22. Data Structure -1 2 1 5 TITLE :
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22. Data Structure Used by: ORBGEN
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22. Data Structure 53064.00 53065.0
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22. Data Structure CODE’S MONTHLY
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22. Data Structure Table 22.4: Stat
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22. Data Structure (3) TYPE 003: HA
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22. Data Structure 22.8.4 Station P
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22. Data Structure Remarks: • Eac
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22. Data Structure The following st
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22. Data Structure Table 22.7: List
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22. Data Structure AJAC $$ FES2004
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22. Data Structure Station sigma fi
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22. Data Structure GOPE 11502M002 Z
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22. Data Structure 22.8.18 Receiver
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22. Data Structure CODE RAPID 3-DAY
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22. Data Structure 22.9.3 Meteo and
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22. Data Structure IONOSPHERE MODEL
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22. Data Structure 22.10 Miscellane
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22. Data Structure 22.10.4 Variance
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22. Data Structure 22.10.5 Normal E
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22. Data Structure 22.10.7 Observat
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22. Data Structure Created by: Each
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22. Data Structure ----------------
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22. Data Structure 22.10.17 BPE log
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23. Installation Guide 23.1.2 Conte
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23. Installation Guide 23.1.3.2 Ins
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23. Installation Guide BERN50 : $C
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23. Installation Guide If you have
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23. Installation Guide To make the
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23. Installation Guide List of Inst
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23. Installation Guide 23.2.4 Confi
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23. Installation Guide Configure me
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23. Installation Guide ${P}/EXAMPLE
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23. Installation Guide To recompile
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23. Installation Guide Page 574 AIU
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24. The Step from Version 4.2 to Ve
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Bock, H. (2004), Effic
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Janes, H. W., R. B. La
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Schaer, S. (1998), COD
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Page 588 AIUB
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INDEX OF PROGRAMS NEQ2ASC, 207, 541
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Index of Program Panels CODSPP 2: I
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Index of Program Panels MKCLUS 3: R
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INDEX OF KEYWORDS Antenna verificat
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INDEX OF KEYWORDS Cluster definitio
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INDEX OF KEYWORDS variance-covarian
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INDEX OF KEYWORDS orbit products, 1
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INDEX OF KEYWORDS Multi-session sol
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INDEX OF KEYWORDS Orbital elements
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INDEX OF KEYWORDS Receiver antenna
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INDEX OF KEYWORDS orbit modeling, 9
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INDEX OF KEYWORDS WGS-84, 19, 88, 2
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