Bernese GPS Software Version 5.0 - Bernese GNSS Software

2. Fundamentals
Table 2.6: GLONASS constellation status (25-Jan-2007).
Plane PRN SVN Frq. Launch Operating since Remark
I 1 796 7 2004-12-26 2005-02-06
2 794 1 2003-12-10 2004-02-02
3 789 12 2001-12-01 2002-01-04 a
4 795 6 2003-12-10 2004-01-29
5 711 7 2001-12-01 2003-02-13 b
6 701 1 2003-12-10 2004-12-08 GLONASS-M
7 712 4 2004-12-26 2005-10-07 GLONASS-M
8 797 6 2004-12-26 2005-02-06
II 9
10 717 2006-12-25 GLONASS-M c
11
12
13
14 715 2006-12-25 GLONASS-M c
15 716 2006-12-25 GLONASS-M c
16
III 17 787 5 2000-10-13 2000-11-04 b
18 783 10 2000-10-13 2005-01-01
19 798 3 2005-12-25 2006-01-22
20 793 11 2002-12-25 2003-01-31 former PRN 23 b
21 792 5 2002-12-25 2003-01-31
22 791 10 2002-12-25 2003-01-21 a
23 714 3 2005-12-25 2006-08-31 GLONASS-M
24 713 2 2005-12-25 2006-08-31 GLONASS-M
a Even if the satellites are currently not officially active, several receivers in the
IGS network track them.
b These satellites are currently not active.
c These satellites are still in the commissioning phase.
in favor of the GLONASS is no longer valid because SA has been deactivated for the GPS
as of May 2, 2000.
Currently several geodetic type receivers are available on the market tracking GPS and
GLONASS satellites simultaneously on both frequencies, in particular the Ashtech Z18 receiver
and the TPS (Topcon Positioning Systems) Legacy receivers. New receivers from Leica
Geosystems (GRX1200 GG Pro) and Trimble (e.g., TRIMBLE NETR5) became available
during the year 2006.
Unlike the GPS the GLONASS uses Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) technology
to discriminate the signals at the antenna, whereas the signals of the GPS satellites are
distinguished by different modulated codes (Code Division Multiple Access, CDMA). All
GLONASS satellites transmit the same C/A- and P-codes, but each satellite has slightly
different carrier frequencies.
The nominal carrier frequencies for the L1 and L2 signals may be written as follows:
f n 1 = f0 1
f n 2 = f0 2
+ n · ∆f1
(2.5a)
+ n · ∆f2
(2.5b)
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