Bernese GPS Software Version 5.0 - Bernese GNSS Software

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16. Antenna Phase Center Offsets and Variations 16.2.2 Satellite Antenna Phase Center The information related to the satellite antenna phase center model is contained in two files: • The second part of the satellite information file (description in Section 22.4.5, example in Figure 22.7). • The phase center eccentricity file (description in Section 22.4.4, example in Figure 22.5 and 22.6). The mean phase center offset for the satellite antenna with respect to the center of mass of the satellite is given in the satellite information file. The phase center eccentricity file contains the (azimuth- and) nadir-dependent part of the antenna model. The constant offsets in the first part of the phase center eccentricity file are not used for satellite antennas and thus set to zero. For a given PRN and time window the satellite name listed in column SATELLITE NAME in the second part of the satellite information file has to match a corresponding name in the phase center eccentricity file (column ANTENNA TYPE). This name starts with MW TRANSM to identify a microwave transmitter followed by the GNSS block type (e.g., II or IIR-A for GPS resp. S or S-M for GLONASS) and the SVN of the satellite (not PRN) to allow for an unambiguous identification for the entire constellation history. GNSS satellite antenna offsets are applied according to the nominal attitude of the satellite. If a Block II or IIA satellite passes through the Earth’s shadow (for up to 55 minutes), however, it cannot orient itself correctly with respect to the Sun [Bar-Sever, 1996] and the resulting mis-orientation leads to biases in the geometrical distance (up to about 10 cm for very long baselines). This situation may persist up to 30 minutes after reentering into sunlight. There is also a dynamical effect caused by this mis-orientation: the solar-panelaxis is no longer perpendicular to the direction Sun-satellite and the solar radiation pressure force becomes very difficult to model. Both effects, the geometrical and the dynamical, are not taken into account by the software. To apply the antenna phase center positions from the satellite information file it is necessary to know if the satellite positions (given in precise orbit file) represent the center of mass (which is the normal case) or directly the positions of the antenna phase center. The user has to specify this in the option “Apply antenna offset” in panel “ORBGEN 3.1: Options” when running program ORBGEN (”Menu>Orbits/EOP>Create standard orbits”). CODE and IGS orbits always refer to the center of mass of the satellite. SLR Observations Only the offset of the retroreflector with respect to the satellite’s center of mass needs to be considered for ranging measurements. It is given in the satellite information file. The SATELLITE NAME starts with SLR REFL to identify the sensor type. Entries for SLR retroreflectors also need to be included in the phase center eccentricity file even though they are usually zero (but may accommodate variations of the optical center). Page 330 AIUB
16.2.3 Receiver Antenna Phase Center 16.2 Antenna Phase Center Corrections in the Bernese GPS Software The receiver antenna phase center model is defined in the phase center eccentricity file only (description in Section 22.4.4). An example can be found in Figure 22.5 and 22.6. The antenna is selected according to the antenna name and the antenna number. Both are taken from the observation file header. The radome code is included in the last four characters of the 20-character antenna name. In the first part of the file the phase center offset ∆r is given (north, east, and up components) for each frequency. It is mandatory in the Bernese GPS Software to use numeric antenna numbers for all receiver antennas. In the phase center eccentricity file, ranges are specified for antenna numbers. The antenna entry with a range from 0 to 999999 is the generic entry, i.e., the values are applied for all antennas of the same antenna type (see also Figure 22.5). Individually calibrated antennas are explicitly numbered, e.g., from 512 to 512. The Bernese GPS Software uses the first matching entry for a receiver antenna. Individually calibrated antennas have thus to be listed above the generic antenna entry. 1 MODEL NAME: IGS_01 PHASE CENTER VARIATIONS 23-JUN-06 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- I01.ATX ANTENNA TYPE ANTENNA S/N FREQ PHASE CENTER OFFSETS (M) FROM TO L* NORTH EAST UP FMT ******************** ****** ****** * **.**** **.**** **.**** * ... AOAD/M_T NONE 512 512 1 0.0012 -0.0005 0.1104 0 2 -0.0003 0.0011 0.1273 AOAD/M_T NONE 0 999999 1 0.0000 0.0000 0.1100 0 2 0.0000 0.0000 0.1280 ... The format flag (FMT) indicates whether FMT = 0 : no variations for the antenna phase center are given, FMT = 1 : zenith angle dependent phase center variations are given in the same line behind (not used today anymore), or FMT = 2 : the antenna phase center variation model is given in the second part of the file as shown in Figure 22.6. In this case the model with piece-wise linear functions is used (TYP=1). A step in azimuth D(A) of 360 o means that no azimuth dependence is considered. 1 Please be aware, that this concept was developed for small receiver antenna calibration campaigns. It is not robust enough for a routine processing using individual calibrated antennas. Only to illustrate this circumstance with two examples: The integer numbers to identify the individual antennas cannot be used to identify an unannounced change of the receiver antenna indicated by a different string in the header of the RINEX observation file. The range used for the generic antenna prevents to identify a missing individual calibrated antenna in the phase center eccentricity file. Bernese GPS Software Version 5.0 Page 331
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Bernese GPS Software Version 5.0 Ed
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Bernese GPS Software Version 5.0 As
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Contents 2.3.6.1 Ionosphere-Free Li
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Contents 6.3.3 Kinematic Stations .
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Contents 9.4.4 Pre-Elimination Opti
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Contents 13.2 How to Correct P1-P2
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Contents 18.3.2 Command Bar . . . .
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Contents 20.4 Description of the Pr
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Contents 22.8.2 Station Abbreviatio
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Contents Page XVI AIUB
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List of Figures 5.1 Flow diagram of
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List of Figures 13.3 P1-C1 code bia
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List of Figures 22.20 Tabular orbit
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List of Tables 12.2 Influences of t
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1. Introduction and Overview • bu
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1. Introduction and Overview Table
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1. Introduction and Overview • Th
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1. Introduction and Overview The Be
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1. Introduction and Overview for Ca
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2. Fundamentals 2.1.1 GPS System De
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2. Fundamentals Table 2.2: Componen
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2. Fundamentals Clock correction [n
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2. Fundamentals Figure 2.5: GLONASS
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2. Fundamentals Table 2.6: GLONASS
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2. Fundamentals In contrast to the
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2. Fundamentals 2.2 GNSS Satellite
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2. Fundamentals 2.2.2.1 The Kepleri
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2. Fundamentals Table 2.9: Perturbi
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2. Fundamentals R.A. of Ascending N
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2. Fundamentals where aROCK is the
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2. Fundamentals By taking the deriv
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2. Fundamentals δi error of satell
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2. Fundamentals Ionospheric refract
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2. Fundamentals 2.3.6.1 Ionosphere-
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2. Fundamentals Table 2.10: Linear
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3. Campaign Setup variable to the f
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3. Campaign Setup Figure 3.1: Examp
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3. Campaign Setup In this section w
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3. Campaign Setup 3.5 Processing Ov
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4. Import and Export of External Fi
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5. Preparation of Earth Orientation
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6. Data Preprocessing Preprocessing
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6. Data Preprocessing (a) AS turned
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6. Data Preprocessing 6.2.4 Code Sm
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6. Data Preprocessing is set to 2.
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6. Data Preprocessing 6.3.2 Preproc
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6. Data Preprocessing RMS of kin. s
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6. Data Preprocessing The ambiguiti
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6. Data Preprocessing GAR small pie
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6. Data Preprocessing -------------
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6. Data Preprocessing automated pro
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6. Data Preprocessing 6.6.2 Generat
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6. Data Preprocessing 6.6.3 Detect
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6. Data Preprocessing (6) If the to
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6. Data Preprocessing Page 138 AIUB
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7. Parameter Estimation p u × 1 ve
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7. Parameter Estimation The two bas
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7. Parameter Estimation contains a
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7. Parameter Estimation The binary
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7. Parameter Estimation 7.5.2 Piece
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7. Parameter Estimation The equatio
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7. Parameter Estimation 7.5.4.4 Fix
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7. Parameter Estimation where Q 11
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7. Parameter Estimation consequence
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7. Parameter Estimation are address
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7. Parameter Estimation ... ! Pre-p
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7. Parameter Estimation The RINEX m
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7. Parameter Estimation In a succes
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7. Parameter Estimation Page 166 AI
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8. Initial Phase Ambiguities and Am
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9. Combination of Solutions 9.2 Seq
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9. Combination of Solutions Substit
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9. Combination of Solutions We may
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9. Combination of Solutions files a
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9. Combination of Solutions x x 1 t
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9. Combination of Solutions Both re
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9. Combination of Solutions 9.4 The
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9. Combination of Solutions 9.4.2 G
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9. Combination of Solutions Excepti
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9. Combination of Solutions As alre
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9. Combination of Solutions Table 9
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9. Combination of Solutions The poi
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9. Combination of Solutions (2) Tra
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9. Combination of Solutions Step 1:
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10. Station Coordinates and Velocit
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11. Troposphere Modeling and Estima
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12. Ionosphere Modeling and Estimat
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Page 338 and 339: 15. Estimation of Satellite Orbits
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18. The Menu System Keyword values
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19. Bernese Processing Engine (BPE)
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20. Processing Examples inspect the
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20. Processing Examples 20.3.1 How
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20. Processing Examples • (option
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20. Processing Examples PID 111 PRE
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20. Processing Examples appears in
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20. Processing Examples PID 313 MPR
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20. Processing Examples Further rea
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20. Processing Examples # # Create
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20. Processing Examples PID 101 GPS
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20. Processing Examples The RINEX n
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20. Processing Examples # # Preproc
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20. Processing Examples the loop, d
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20. Processing Examples PID 903 CLK
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20. Processing Examples and IGS 00B
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20. Processing Examples • Save th
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20. Processing Examples PID 321 GPS
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20. Processing Examples PID 301 CLK
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21. Program Structure $C / %C% PGM
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21. Program Structure (program GPSE
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21. Program Structure ! -----------
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22. Data Structure "Program" Area $
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22. Data Structure Table 22.1: List
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22. Data Structure 22.4.2 Geodetic
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22. Data Structure 22.4.4 Antenna P
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Page 484 AIUB ANTENNA PHASE CENTER
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22. Data Structure 22.4.5 Satellite
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22. Data Structure 22.4.6 Satellite
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22. Data Structure DIFFERENCE OF GP
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22. Data Structure 22.4.9 Subdaily
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22. Data Structure EGM96 EGM96, VER
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22. Data Structure SINEX : OPTION I
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22. Data Structure 22.4.16 Panel Up
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22. Data Structure 22.6.2 Header an
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22. Data Structure 15 Antenna type(
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22. Data Structure SVN-NUMBER= 2 ME
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22. Data Structure -1 2 1 5 TITLE :
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22. Data Structure Used by: ORBGEN
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22. Data Structure 53064.00 53065.0
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22. Data Structure CODE’S MONTHLY
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22. Data Structure Table 22.4: Stat
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22. Data Structure (3) TYPE 003: HA
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22. Data Structure 22.8.4 Station P
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22. Data Structure Remarks: • Eac
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22. Data Structure The following st
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22. Data Structure Table 22.7: List
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22. Data Structure AJAC $$ FES2004
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22. Data Structure Station sigma fi
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22. Data Structure GOPE 11502M002 Z
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22. Data Structure 22.8.18 Receiver
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22. Data Structure CODE RAPID 3-DAY
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22. Data Structure 22.9.3 Meteo and
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22. Data Structure IONOSPHERE MODEL
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22. Data Structure 22.10 Miscellane
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22. Data Structure 22.10.4 Variance
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22. Data Structure 22.10.5 Normal E
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22. Data Structure 22.10.7 Observat
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22. Data Structure Created by: Each
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22. Data Structure ----------------
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22. Data Structure 22.10.17 BPE log
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23. Installation Guide 23.1.2 Conte
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23. Installation Guide 23.1.3.2 Ins
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23. Installation Guide BERN50 : $C
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23. Installation Guide If you have
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23. Installation Guide To make the
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23. Installation Guide List of Inst
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23. Installation Guide 23.2.4 Confi
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23. Installation Guide Configure me
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23. Installation Guide ${P}/EXAMPLE
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23. Installation Guide To recompile
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23. Installation Guide Page 574 AIU
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24. The Step from Version 4.2 to Ve
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Bock, H. (2004), Effic
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Janes, H. W., R. B. La
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Schaer, S. (1998), COD
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Page 588 AIUB
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INDEX OF PROGRAMS NEQ2ASC, 207, 541
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Index of Program Panels CODSPP 2: I
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Index of Program Panels MKCLUS 3: R
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INDEX OF KEYWORDS Antenna verificat
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INDEX OF KEYWORDS Cluster definitio
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INDEX OF KEYWORDS variance-covarian
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INDEX OF KEYWORDS orbit products, 1
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INDEX OF KEYWORDS Multi-session sol
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INDEX OF KEYWORDS Orbital elements
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INDEX OF KEYWORDS Receiver antenna
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INDEX OF KEYWORDS orbit modeling, 9
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INDEX OF KEYWORDS WGS-84, 19, 88, 2
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