Bernese GPS Software Version 5.0 - Bernese GNSS Software

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8. Initial Phase Ambiguities and Ambiguity Resolution Table 8.1: The most important GPS ambiguity resolution strategies supported by the Bernese GPS Software Version 5.0 . Case Baseline length Occupation “P”-code Ambiguity resolution (AR) time available? strategy 1A short (< 20–40 km) > 1hr no SIGMA: L1&L2 or L1 or L2 1B short (< 5–10 km) ca. 1–5 min no SEARCH : L1&L2, no TRP estimation alternatively SEARCH : L1, in reoccupation modea 2b c medium >2–4 hr no (0) Ambiguity float (network) (< 100-200 km) solution: NONE: L3, estimate/save CRD and TRP (1) Wide-lane ambiguity resolution: SIGMA: L5, introduce (fix) CRD, TRP, and ION; save wide-lane ambiguities (2) Narrow-lane ambiguity resolution: SIGMA: L3, introduce wide-lane ambiguities; estimate CRD and TRPd ; save narrow-lane ambiguities 3A b e long (< 6000 km) >8–24 hr yes (1) Wide-lane ambiguity resolution: SIGMA: MELWUEBB f , introduce P1–C1 DCBs g ; save wide-lane ambiguities (2) Narrow-lane ambiguity resolution: SIGMA: L3, introduce wide-lane ambiguities; estimate CRD and TRP d ; 3B b c long (< 1000–2 000 km) save narrow-lane ambiguities >8–24 hr no QIF: L1&L2, estimate SIPs h , CRD and TRP d ; introduce (or estimate) ION save L1/L2 ambiguities a Two (or more) baseline sessions (separated by more than 1 hr) must be processed together b Use of precise orbits required c Use of deterministic ionosphere (ION) models recommended d Introduction of TRP results coming from ambiguity-float network solution possible, if not recommended e No assumption concerning ionosphere necessary f Phase must be processed together with code tracking data g P1–C1 differential code bias (DCB) information required in case of a mixture of receiver tracking tech- nologies h (Epoch-specific) stochastic ionosphere parameters (SIPs) must be pre-eliminated every epoch Page 182 AIUB
9. Combination of Solutions 9.1 Motivation The increasing number of permanent GPS stations all over the world and the associated big number of observations to be processed ask for sequential processing methods. A conventional processing of all observations in one step using, e.g., GPSEST may be appropriate for small campaigns (a few days with 24 hour sessions of about 20-30 sites). The computing power available today does not allow to go far beyond this limit. The program ADDNEQ2 (”Menu>Processing>Normal equation stacking”) was developed to compute multi-session solutions from the (statistically correct) combination of a set of single-session solutions. It replaces the program ADDNEQ that was distributed up to Version 4.2 of the Bernese GPS Software. The theory of combining sequential solutions is well-known in geodesy since [Helmert, 1872]. Sequential adjustment techniques are in general independent of the observation types of the individual solutions. This implies, e.g., that even results from different techniques (terrestrial geodetic techniques or space techniques GNSS, SLR, VLBI, DORIS) might be combined. Here, we focus on the combination of GNSS results, only. Normal equations may be stored by the programs GPSEST and ADDNEQ2 for a sequence of solutions including a large number of parameter types (coordinates, troposphere, orbit parameters, etc.). The parameters supported by ADDNEQ2 are listed in Table 1.1. GPSEST is in general used to process individual sessions while combination of different sessions is done with ADDNEQ2. The special features of normal equation stacking methods allow for an extremely rapid and flexible computation of many solution types, without going back to the original observations. These features include a new definition of the geodetic datum, the setup of station velocities as unknowns, the modification of a priori sigmas for different parameters types, the change of physical models such as the number of troposphere parameters, and different parameter pre-elimination options. Some unique options are offered only by ADDNEQ2 and are not available in GPSEST such as a sophisticated definition of the geodetic datum or estimation of site velocities. This chapter first presents the basics of sequential least-squares estimation (Section 9.2) and normal equation manipulations (Section 9.3). Section 9.4 describes the use of ADDNEQ2 and Section 9.5 suggests a few typical applications. Bernese GPS Software Version 5.0 Page 183
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Bernese GPS Software Version 5.0 Ed
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Bernese GPS Software Version 5.0 As
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Contents 2.3.6.1 Ionosphere-Free Li
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Contents 6.3.3 Kinematic Stations .
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Contents 9.4.4 Pre-Elimination Opti
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Contents 13.2 How to Correct P1-P2
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Contents 18.3.2 Command Bar . . . .
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Contents 20.4 Description of the Pr
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Contents 22.8.2 Station Abbreviatio
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Contents Page XVI AIUB
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List of Figures 5.1 Flow diagram of
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List of Figures 13.3 P1-C1 code bia
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List of Figures 22.20 Tabular orbit
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List of Tables 12.2 Influences of t
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1. Introduction and Overview • bu
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1. Introduction and Overview Table
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1. Introduction and Overview • Th
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1. Introduction and Overview The Be
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1. Introduction and Overview for Ca
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2. Fundamentals 2.1.1 GPS System De
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2. Fundamentals Table 2.2: Componen
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2. Fundamentals Clock correction [n
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2. Fundamentals Figure 2.5: GLONASS
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2. Fundamentals Table 2.6: GLONASS
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2. Fundamentals In contrast to the
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2. Fundamentals 2.2 GNSS Satellite
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2. Fundamentals 2.2.2.1 The Kepleri
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2. Fundamentals Table 2.9: Perturbi
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2. Fundamentals R.A. of Ascending N
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2. Fundamentals where aROCK is the
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2. Fundamentals By taking the deriv
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2. Fundamentals δi error of satell
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2. Fundamentals Ionospheric refract
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2. Fundamentals 2.3.6.1 Ionosphere-
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2. Fundamentals Table 2.10: Linear
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3. Campaign Setup variable to the f
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3. Campaign Setup Figure 3.1: Examp
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3. Campaign Setup In this section w
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3. Campaign Setup 3.5 Processing Ov
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4. Import and Export of External Fi
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5. Preparation of Earth Orientation
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6. Data Preprocessing Preprocessing
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6. Data Preprocessing (a) AS turned
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6. Data Preprocessing 6.2.4 Code Sm
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6. Data Preprocessing is set to 2.
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6. Data Preprocessing 6.3.2 Preproc
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6. Data Preprocessing RMS of kin. s
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6. Data Preprocessing The ambiguiti
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6. Data Preprocessing no loss of si
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6. Data Preprocessing This epoch-di
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6. Data Preprocessing result in lar
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6. Data Preprocessing (e.g., from C
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6. Data Preprocessing The second pa
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6. Data Preprocessing GAR small pie
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6. Data Preprocessing -------------
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6. Data Preprocessing automated pro
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Page 168 and 169: 7. Parameter Estimation p u × 1 ve
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Page 196 and 197: 8. Initial Phase Ambiguities and Am
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10. Station Coordinates and Velocit
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11. Troposphere Modeling and Estima
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12. Ionosphere Modeling and Estimat
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13. Differential Code Biases Promin
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13. Differential Code Biases Figure
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13. Differential Code Biases Figure
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13. Differential Code Biases ======
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13. Differential Code Biases Page 2
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14. Clock Estimation τ (BRUS-PTBB)
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14. Clock Estimation Here the limit
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14. Clock Estimation to zero. All c
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14. Clock Estimation #OBS : Number
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14. Clock Estimation 14.3 Clock RIN
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14. Clock Estimation cessed if CCRN
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14. Clock Estimation RINEX files th
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14. Clock Estimation the clock valu
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14. Clock Estimation SINGLE POINT P
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14. Clock Estimation Page 308 AIUB
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15. Estimation of Satellite Orbits
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16. Antenna Phase Center Offsets an
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17. Data Simulation Tool GPSSIM 17.
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17. Data Simulation Tool GPSSIM The
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17. Data Simulation Tool GPSSIM The
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17. Data Simulation Tool GPSSIM Res
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18. The Menu System 18.2 Starting t
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18. The Menu System 18.3.1 Menu Bar
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18. The Menu System 18.3.5 Panel Co
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18. The Menu System the menu the ne
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18. The Menu System Table 18.1: Pre
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18. The Menu System 18.5.3 System E
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18. The Menu System 18.7 Change Opt
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18. The Menu System 18.9 Technical
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18. The Menu System ... ! Environme
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18. The Menu System The keyword ENV
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18. The Menu System ! List of Remai
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18. The Menu System The MENUAUX-mec
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18. The Menu System Keyword values
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19. Bernese Processing Engine (BPE)
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20. Processing Examples inspect the
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20. Processing Examples 20.3.1 How
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20. Processing Examples • (option
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20. Processing Examples PID 111 PRE
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20. Processing Examples 20.4.1.5 Ta
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20. Processing Examples 20.4.1.7 Cr
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20. Processing Examples appears in
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20. Processing Examples PID 313 MPR
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20. Processing Examples Further rea
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20. Processing Examples # # Create
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20. Processing Examples PID 101 GPS
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20. Processing Examples The RINEX n
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20. Processing Examples # # Preproc
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20. Processing Examples the loop, d
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20. Processing Examples PID 903 CLK
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20. Processing Examples and IGS 00B
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20. Processing Examples • Save th
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20. Processing Examples PID 321 GPS
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20. Processing Examples PID 301 CLK
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21. Program Structure $C / %C% PGM
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21. Program Structure (program GPSE
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21. Program Structure continued fro
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21. Program Structure continued fro
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21. Program Structure ! -----------
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22. Data Structure "Program" Area $
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22. Data Structure Table 22.1: List
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22. Data Structure 22.4.2 Geodetic
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22. Data Structure 22.4.4 Antenna P
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Page 484 AIUB ANTENNA PHASE CENTER
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22. Data Structure 22.4.5 Satellite
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22. Data Structure 22.4.6 Satellite
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22. Data Structure DIFFERENCE OF GP
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22. Data Structure 22.4.9 Subdaily
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22. Data Structure EGM96 EGM96, VER
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22. Data Structure SINEX : OPTION I
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22. Data Structure 22.4.16 Panel Up
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22. Data Structure 22.6.2 Header an
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22. Data Structure 15 Antenna type(
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22. Data Structure SVN-NUMBER= 2 ME
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22. Data Structure -1 2 1 5 TITLE :
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22. Data Structure Used by: ORBGEN
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22. Data Structure 53064.00 53065.0
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22. Data Structure CODE’S MONTHLY
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22. Data Structure Table 22.4: Stat
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22. Data Structure (3) TYPE 003: HA
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22. Data Structure 22.8.4 Station P
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22. Data Structure Remarks: • Eac
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22. Data Structure The following st
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22. Data Structure Table 22.7: List
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22. Data Structure AJAC $$ FES2004
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22. Data Structure Station sigma fi
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22. Data Structure GOPE 11502M002 Z
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22. Data Structure 22.8.18 Receiver
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22. Data Structure CODE RAPID 3-DAY
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22. Data Structure 22.9.3 Meteo and
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22. Data Structure IONOSPHERE MODEL
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22. Data Structure 22.10 Miscellane
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22. Data Structure 22.10.4 Variance
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22. Data Structure 22.10.5 Normal E
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22. Data Structure 22.10.7 Observat
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22. Data Structure Created by: Each
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22. Data Structure ----------------
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22. Data Structure 22.10.17 BPE log
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23. Installation Guide 23.1.2 Conte
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23. Installation Guide 23.1.3.2 Ins
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23. Installation Guide BERN50 : $C
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23. Installation Guide If you have
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23. Installation Guide To make the
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23. Installation Guide List of Inst
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23. Installation Guide 23.2.4 Confi
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23. Installation Guide Configure me
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23. Installation Guide ${P}/EXAMPLE
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23. Installation Guide To recompile
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23. Installation Guide Page 574 AIU
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24. The Step from Version 4.2 to Ve
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Bock, H. (2004), Effic
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Janes, H. W., R. B. La
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Schaer, S. (1998), COD
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Page 588 AIUB
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INDEX OF PROGRAMS NEQ2ASC, 207, 541
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Index of Program Panels CODSPP 2: I
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Index of Program Panels MKCLUS 3: R
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INDEX OF KEYWORDS Antenna verificat
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INDEX OF KEYWORDS Cluster definitio
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INDEX OF KEYWORDS variance-covarian
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INDEX OF KEYWORDS orbit products, 1
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INDEX OF KEYWORDS Multi-session sol
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INDEX OF KEYWORDS Orbital elements
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INDEX OF KEYWORDS Receiver antenna
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INDEX OF KEYWORDS orbit modeling, 9
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INDEX OF KEYWORDS WGS-84, 19, 88, 2
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