Forest Certification in Developing and Transitioning ... - UTas ePrints

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220 forest certification in developing and transitioning countries protection, and social interests.” In addition to compliance with the Latvian Forest Law and related regulations, the PEFC standards prescribe a set of guidelines that are based on the Helsinki Criteria of Sustainable Forest Management, the Pan-European Indicators for Sustainable Forest Management, and the Pan-European Recommendations for Sustainable Forest Management. (PEFC Latvia Council 2001). The PEFC standards are divided into three main categories — Forestry; Social Interests; and Environment and Cultural Values. Table 6 Comparison of FSC and PEFC standards Latvian FSC Standard Gathering and analysis of information about forest management ecological indicators Evaluation of planned activities’ relevance to stated management goals, and written documentation and explanation of unforeseen activities Assessment of economic activities’ impact on other forest resource utilization Calculation of sustainable yields of all forest products to be harvested Use of most appropriate technology for each planned forest management activity Plan for minimizing or eliminating illegal activities in forest management Economic Requirements Ecological Requirements Management and reforestation of coniferous stands to preserve at least 10 percent deciduous trees during final felling, if permitted by growing conditions Wastewater compost used only on low- productivity, sandy soil, reclaimed quarries, plantations and reforestation of abandoned agricultural lands Protocol for identifying rare, threatened or endangered species in the management area Protocol and schedule for inventory and documentation of forest biotopes During final felling, an average of 10 living trees preserved per ha (as compared to 5 as stated in Latvian forest legislation) Natural regeneration used in areas where it ensures timely, economically justifiable and high-quality forest regeneration Latvian PEFC Standard Mosaic-style grouping of various tree species promoted during precommercial thinning Minimization of risk of contamination by fuels and oils (e.g. cleaning of machinery away from groundwater recharge or porous soil areas) yale school of forestry & environmental studies
forest certification in latvia 221 At least 7 percent of the total forest area in a management territory set aside for protection Soil preparation without use of chemicals Fertilization with wood ash only Storage of fuels and oils to minimize damage to human health and environment Protocol for collection, storage and disposal of industrial wastes Priority given to employment of qualified local residents Plan for workplace quality control, including job safety measures Outreach to local community about forest management and its social effects, and identifying employees to serve as consultants Written documentation of all conflicts and resolution processes involving forest managers and local community Social Requirements Source: FSC/PEFC standard comparison — www.wwf.lv Stand management to preserve landscapes for recreation and culture, e.g.: size and shape of clearcuts that maintain natural stand boundaries Asymmetrical plantings along roadsides Collection of logging wastes along roadsides Of all the many laws and regulations governing the forest sector in Latvia, the Forest Law of 2000 is perhaps most comparable to the certification standards. The stated goal of the Forest Law is “to regulate the sustainable management of all of Latvia’s forests, to guarantee equal rights, protection of property rights, economic freedom, and equal responsibilities for all forest owners or legal custodians.” Regulations for various categories of protected areas are delineated in a separate document – “Regulations for Nature Protection in Forest Management” (Ministru kabineta noteikumi nr. 189, 2001). The Forest Law (Republic of Latvia 2000) contains the following sections: Access to the Forest Cutting of Trees Non-Timber Forest Products Forest Reproductive Material Forest Regeneration and Reforestation Forest Protection Information about the Forest and Forest Management Plans Nature Protection in the Forest Issuing of Forest Permits Transformation of Forest Land Government Oversight of Forests yale school of forestry & environmental studies
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Yale F&ES Publication Series Report
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Table of Contents foreword 1 James
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foreword 1 Foreword James Gustave S
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acknowledgements 3 Acknowledgements
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acknowledgements 5 We are also grat
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introduction 7 Introduction: Forest
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introduction 9 Figure 1 Number of h
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introduction 11 Following this sect
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introduction 13 Members play an imp
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introduction 15 Pan-European Forest
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introduction 17 Table 1 Different c
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introduction 19 These also happen t
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introduction 21 While it proved rel
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introduction 23 Luthiers Mercantile
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egional overview: asia-pacific 27 i
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egional overview: asia-pacific 29 W
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Forest certification itself comes w
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forest certification in indonesia 3
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36 forest certification in developi
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forest certification in papua new g
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102 forest certification in develop
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forest certification in solomon isl
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egional overview: eastern europe an
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Page 220 and 221: 214 Discussion of forest certificat
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forest certification in russia 271
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forest certification in bolivia 305
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forest certification in brazil 337
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forest certification in mexico 409
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egional overview: sub-saharan afric
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forest certification in gabon 443 F
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conclusion 561 Conclusion Benjamin
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conclusion 563 considerable and gro
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conclusion 565 to participate in a
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conclusion 567 despite their strong
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conclusion 569 Country Dominant for
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conclusion 571 While forest certifi
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conclusion 577 Sub-Saharan Africa T
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conclusion 579 culminating in LEI
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conclusion 581 spending more time o
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conclusion 583 supervision and moni
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conclusion 585 previously weak oper
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conclusion 587 notes that certifica
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conclusion 589 operations, which of
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conclusion 591 This volume has reve
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author biographies 593 Author Biogr
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author biographies 595 Gerard Boutt
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author biographies 597 Fred Gale le
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author biographies 599 both from Co
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author biographies 601 Markets: For
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author biographies 603 Lifetime Ach
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Yale School of Forestry & Environme
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