Forest Certification in Developing and Transitioning ... - UTas ePrints

forest certification in indonesia
57
Table 9
Certification’s effects in Indonesia
Element of Good Governance
Of Pyramid Mayers
[Tier-5]. Verification of SFM:
[Tier -4]. Extension:
[Tier-3]. Instrument:
[Tier-2]. Policies:
[Tier-1]. Roles:
Foundations
Current Conditions in Indonesia
Certification has become a credible verification tool of
what SFM would look like in the Indonesian context.
The Joint Certification Scheme Program between FSC
and LEI is a catalyst to promote and acknowledge the
Indonesian certification scheme to the international market.
By being certified, PT. DRT received special treatment by
being allowed to log Ramin (Gonystilus bancanus).
However, law enforcement of forest policy is weak, leading
to illegal logging, land conversion and conflicts, which are
an economic disincentive.
ITTO, FSC, PEFC, and LEI have issued SFM standard.
However, there is still a gap between SFM standards and
government policy (see Figure 2), especially with respect to
property rights and land tenure-related problems. To date,
certification has not contributed toward substantial
government policy change.
Certification has facilitated negotiations between interested
stakeholders, and stimulated concessionaires to pay
more attention to the role of local communities through
community development program.
Not so many changes in the (tier-1) and (tier-2) level,
leaving many of the underlying problems unsolved,
contributing to unconducive investment environment in
the long term for forestry business especially in the era of
transition to decentralization.
Power
Certification has altered subtly the balance of power between various groups, including
government, local communities and business.
Government
In 1970, the Indonesian government issued a regulation (PP No. 21/1970) covering the
forest concession and the Forest Product Harvesting Rights. The forest area allocated to
production under this regulation is based only on the limited consideration of timber
volume and landscape condition, with less attention paid to property rights and tenure
problems in the area. Lately it has been recognized that there are many land use-related
conflicts in such concession areas. No fundamental changes in government policy
concerning forest management have been made recently, however, even though after
the ITTO declaration in Bali in 1990, the government issued policies intended to
improve the current standard and criteria of SFM.
yale school of forestry & environmental studies