Forest Certification in Developing and Transitioning ... - UTas ePrints

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492 forest certification in developing and transitioning countries Current Status of Forestland Certification There are currently 19 Forest Management FSC certificates issued in South Africa representing 1,088,071 ha (or more than 80 percent of plantation area). Eighteen percent of forestry operations are certified under both FSC and ISO 14001 (FSA 2004). In the case of SAPPI Forests the company obtained ISO 14001 certification first and then FSC certification. The ISO certification assisted them in getting their plantation operations ready for FSC certification. Table 4 presents a list of the Forest Management certificates issued in South Africa. Table 4 Forest management certificates issued in South Africa 4 A central element of South Africa’s apartheid system was the creation of Black Homelands from the 1950s onwards. The territories, essentially based upon the socalled Black Areas identified in the 1913 Black Land Act, were set aside for occupation by members of a particular language group. Originally known as reserves, they were given as a measure of selfgovernment by apartheid theorists intent on removing all Africans from white South Africa and using the Homelands simply as pools of migrant labour. Four of these areas later chose independence (recognised only by South Africa) while six others became self-administrating territories within RSA. The system was scrapped in 1994. Company AFC – Amatola Forestry Company (Pty) Ltd. African Environmental Services Group Certification Scheme (AES) Amatola Forestry Company (Pty) Department of Water Affairs and Forestry Directorate: Indigenous Forest Management - Southern Cape Global Forest Products Pty Ltd. Komatiland Forests (Pty) Ltd. Masonite (Africa) Ltd. Mondi Forests - Lowveld, Komati, Piet Retief, Natal and Zululand MTO Forestry (Pty) Ltd Western Cape Region NCT Forestry Co-operative Ltd. NCT SLIMF Northern Timbers SAPPI Forest Products SAPPI Forests Pty Ltd. Singisi Forest Products (Pty) Ltd. – Glen Garry Forests Singisi Forest Products (Pty.) Ltd. – Baziya Singisi Forest Products Pty (Ltd) Siyaqhubeka Pty Ltd. Steinhoff Southern Cape (Pty) Ltd. Source: FSC 2004 Certificate Number SGS-FM/COC-0123 SGS-FM/COC-1337 SGS-FM/COC-0885 SGS-FM/COC-1231 SGS-FM/COC-0809 SGS-FM/COC-0068 SGS-FM/COC-1015 SGS-FM/COC-0084 SGS-FM/COC-0133 SGS-FM/COC-0348 SGS-FM/COC-1598 SGS-FM/COC-0561 SGS-FM/COC-0442 SA-FM/COC-1230 SGS-FM/COC-1544 SGS-FM/COC-1503 SGS-FM/COC-0780 SGS-FM/COC-0870 SGS-FM/COC-1143 Except for the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry certificate, all certificates are for plantation forests. The DWAF certificate is the only one covering natural closed canopy forests. Government-managed plantations in the former homelands 4 are included in the 20 percent of plantations that have not been certified yet. These plantations are in a very poor state of management due to decades of bad management by homeland administrations. During the process of privatisation of state forest assets, many of these plantations were taken over by private timber companies and it is the responsibility of these companies to bring them up to standard. Approximately yale school of forestry & environmental studies
forest certification in south africa 493 85,000 ha of state plantations still remain under government control and would require substantial efforts to bring them to a management level where they could be assessed for certification. Some of the earlier certificates were issued in 1997 and these operations have already been re-certified. As discussed previously, it is still very difficult for small scale operations to be certified due to the high costs associated with the certification process and the intensive levels of administration and management required from mostly illiterate forest owners. Current Status of the Certified Marketplace Dunne (2000) reported that FSC currently has no following among South African retailers and that the manufacturers of primary or secondary timber products are involved either directly or indirectly in the export market. I tested his statement by contacting ten hardware stores in and around the city of Cape Town and asking them for FSC-certified building timber. One of the stores could supply FSC timber, three knew about it but did not stock FSC timber, and the remaining six stores had never heard about FSC before. Despite the low demand for certified timber in South Africa, 113 primary and secondary processing companies have Chain of Custody (CoC) certification (FSC 2004). The supply chain for certified timber products can be summarized as follows (Figure 1): ● ● ● Timber from a certified plantation is processed at a sawmill with a chain of custody certificate. It is then either exported or sold to local secondary processors, also with a chain of custody certificate. The secondary processors manufacture products such as knock down furniture from certified timber and export it to retailers in countries such as the UK, Germany or the USA. In some instances certified timber is sold unspecified by primary processors to local wholesalers/retailers as there is a demand for timber but no specific demand for certified timber (personal observation at sawmill in KwaZulu-Natal). With 80 percent of South Africa’s plantations certified, there is a very good chance of buying unmarked certified timber in hardware stores in South Africa (unknowingly, the ten hardware stores that I consulted could have had FSC timber in stock). yale school of forestry & environmental studies
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Yale F&ES Publication Series Report
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Table of Contents foreword 1 James
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foreword 1 Foreword James Gustave S
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acknowledgements 3 Acknowledgements
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acknowledgements 5 We are also grat
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introduction 7 Introduction: Forest
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introduction 9 Figure 1 Number of h
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introduction 11 Following this sect
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introduction 13 Members play an imp
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introduction 15 Pan-European Forest
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introduction 17 Table 1 Different c
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introduction 19 These also happen t
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introduction 21 While it proved rel
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introduction 23 Luthiers Mercantile
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egional overview: asia-pacific 27 i
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egional overview: asia-pacific 29 W
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Forest certification itself comes w
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forest certification in indonesia 3
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36 forest certification in developi
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102 forest certification in develop
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egional overview: eastern europe an
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forest certification in estonia 173
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214 Discussion of forest certificat
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South Egypt forest certification in
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egional overview: sub-saharan afric
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conclusion 561 Conclusion Benjamin
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conclusion 563 considerable and gro
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conclusion 565 to participate in a
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conclusion 567 despite their strong
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conclusion 569 Country Dominant for
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conclusion 571 While forest certifi
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conclusion 577 Sub-Saharan Africa T
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conclusion 579 culminating in LEI
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conclusion 581 spending more time o
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conclusion 583 supervision and moni
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conclusion 585 previously weak oper
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conclusion 587 notes that certifica
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conclusion 589 operations, which of
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conclusion 591 This volume has reve
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author biographies 593 Author Biogr
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author biographies 595 Gerard Boutt
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author biographies 597 Fred Gale le
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author biographies 599 both from Co
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author biographies 601 Markets: For
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author biographies 603 Lifetime Ach
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