Forest Certification in Developing and Transitioning ... - UTas ePrints

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336 forest certification in developing and transitioning countries FAO FSC FTPP GTZ HCVF HIVOS ITTO MHNNKM NGOs PANFOR SENMA SIDA SLIMF SNV TCA TCO TNC TRD USAID WCS WWF Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Forest Stewardship Council Forest Trees and People Program Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit/German Organization for Technical Cooperation High Conservation Value Forests Humanistic Cooperation for Development Cooperation International Tropical Timber Organization Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado (Noel Kempff Mercado Natural History Museum) Non-governmental organizations Pando Forestal (Pando Forestry) Secretaría Nacional del Medio Ambiente (National Secretariat for the Environment) Swedish International Development Agency Small and Low Intensity Managed Forests Netherlands Development Organization Tratado de Cooperación Amazónica (Amazon Cooperation Treaty) Tierras Comunitarias de Origen (Originally Community Lands) The Nature Conservancy Tropical Research and Development US Agency for International Development Wildlife Conservation Society World Wide Fund for Nature yale school of forestry & environmental studies
forest certification in brazil 337 Forest Certification in Brazil Peter May* abstract This case study reviews the Brazilian experience since the mid-1990s with certification of natural and plantation forests at corporate and community levels. Discriminating world markets, corporate social responsibility, and image concerns stimulated certification by the plantation segment. Initial certifications were carried out according to FSC standards, using criteria adopted by a national tripartite working group. A separate national certification scheme (CERFLOR) was recognized in 2002 by the PEFC. Over 1.2 million hectares (ha) in plantations and associated natural reserves had been certified by May 2004 under both schemes, of which about 80 percent was certified according to FSC criteria. Only about 500,000 ha of natural forests had been certified, although Brazil is simultaneously the world’s largest producer and consumer of tropical timber. Deforestation and illegal extraction in the Amazon continue to flood the domestic market. Government policy affirms that voluntary certification is an important means to internalize socio-environmental costs but does not supplant national regulation, which in some local cases has imposed additional burdens on those who have adopted certification. Concessions in public forests and forest family partnerships may draw regulatory norms and certification criteria closer together. The case study concludes, however, that certification has made an impact in Brazil where it is perceived as being key to market access, even where there is no substantial price premium. Where certified firms must compete with rampant disorder and illegality, as in the Amazon region, certification’s impact has remained limited and oriented toward specialized niches, and as such has not raised the bar on industry-wide practice. Future development of the certified forest industry in Brazil will depend on adoption of more flexible standards for certification of outgrowers and community forest managers, and on a more congenial accommodation of government regulators and certified enterprise. Peter May, Ph.D. Executive Secretary, Brazilian Agroforestry Network – REBRAF Professor, Graduate Program in Development, Agriculture and Society at the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro peter@rebraf.org.br yale school of forestry & environmental studies
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Yale F&ES Publication Series Report
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Table of Contents foreword 1 James
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foreword 1 Foreword James Gustave S
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acknowledgements 3 Acknowledgements
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acknowledgements 5 We are also grat
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introduction 7 Introduction: Forest
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introduction 9 Figure 1 Number of h
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introduction 11 Following this sect
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introduction 13 Members play an imp
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introduction 15 Pan-European Forest
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introduction 17 Table 1 Different c
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introduction 19 These also happen t
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introduction 21 While it proved rel
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introduction 23 Luthiers Mercantile
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egional overview: asia-pacific 27 i
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egional overview: asia-pacific 29 W
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Forest certification itself comes w
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forest certification in indonesia 3
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36 forest certification in developi
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102 forest certification in develop
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forest certification in solomon isl
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egional overview: eastern europe an
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forest certification in estonia 173
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214 Discussion of forest certificat
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forest certification in russia 263
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South Egypt forest certification in
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egional overview: sub-saharan afric
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conclusion 561 Conclusion Benjamin
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conclusion 563 considerable and gro
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conclusion 565 to participate in a
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conclusion 567 despite their strong
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conclusion 569 Country Dominant for
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conclusion 571 While forest certifi
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conclusion 577 Sub-Saharan Africa T
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conclusion 579 culminating in LEI
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conclusion 581 spending more time o
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conclusion 583 supervision and moni
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conclusion 585 previously weak oper
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conclusion 587 notes that certifica
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conclusion 589 operations, which of
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conclusion 591 This volume has reve
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author biographies 593 Author Biogr
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author biographies 595 Gerard Boutt
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author biographies 597 Fred Gale le
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author biographies 599 both from Co
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author biographies 601 Markets: For
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author biographies 603 Lifetime Ach
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Yale School of Forestry & Environme
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