Forest Certification in Developing and Transitioning ... - UTas ePrints

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514 forest certification in developing and transitioning countries fined or prosecuted. Area Forest Managers take the lead in implementation of forest activities in place of DFOs in the new NFA structure. Under the NFA timber tracking initiatives piloted at Kalinzu Central Forest Reserve, area managers, sector managers and field supervisors have specific codes on their stamps defining the forest zone, supervisor, and forest codes on top of the block, species and licensee codes. Four classes are used to charge royalties of trees that are felled in a forest or plantation (Table 2). Table 2 Timber classes used to charge royalty in Uganda Class Royalty (U Shs M -3 ) Examples of Tree Species 1A 100,000/= Elgon teak (Olea capensis) Mahoganies (Entandrophragama spp ie E. utile, E. cylindricum, E. angolense, E. excelsum, Khaya spp. i.e. K. anthotheca & K. grandifoliola), Nkoba (Lovoa trichilioides) Mvule (Milicia excelsa) 1B 45,000/= Cordia sp. 2 28,100/= Musizi (Maesopsis eminii) Musambya (Markhamia lutea) 3 17,000/= Eucalyptus spp, Antiaris toxicaria The classification is based on the scarcity of species, mechanical properties, and the rotation time. The royalties for threatened species are hiked to encourage use of alternatives. However, royalties are not paid for the timber that is sourced from private land. Moreover, registered timber dealers desire that the timber-monitoring unit becomes more effective to ensure price stability. Prices are normally unstable mainly due to illegal timber trade. Applications (by saw millers) for licenses to harvest are addressed to the Minister of Water, Lands, and Environment, who then forwards them for consideration by the Licensing Committee in the Ministry. Approved applications are given licenses on payment of a statutory fee. The license has conditions, which the licensee accepts by signing. The conditions cover legal, technical, administrative and social aspects that deal with responsible harvesting and conversion of timber. A copy of the license is sent to the AFM, who in turn gives copies to the district leaders. The license is normally valid for one year subject to revision unless the licensee contravenes the conditions of the license and the law established. Harvesting in natural high forests is done by pit-sawing. At present, there is only one sawmill (Budongo saw mill) operating in natural forest harvesting, mainly Cynometra alexandrii for floor parquets. Its operation is at a very small scale. The same licensing procedure used in sawmilling applies to the pit sawyer except that the pit sawyers apply through the Local Council authorities. Pit sawyers provide timber for industries. Sometimes saw millers are licensed to plant trees. Nileply is a big company that makes plywood and flash doors. The company has also planted its own trees, yale school of forestry & environmental studies
forest certification in uganda 515 approximately 300 ha in Jinja. They are also managing Mutai Forest Reserve (287 ha of Eucalyptus spp.) whereby they pay forest dues annually and harvest the trees themselves. Apart from saw millers and pit sawyers, there are also private tree farmers who ask for licenses to practice forestry in forest reserves. A list of such individuals is given in Table 3. Table 3 Private tree farmers that are licensed to practice forestry in Forest Reserves Company Forest/district Area (ha) Area planted Species planted (ha) BAT 3 FRs in Apach 70 70 Eucalyptus spp. Busingye Jack Bushenyi 127 127 Pinus spp. (RIP) Uganda Tobacco Kalinzu ND ND Eucalyptus spp. Growers Co. Busoga Forest Bukaleba 5,000 700 Pinus spp. Company Saudi Marble South Busoga 2,400 ND Broadleaved woods for timber Nileply Kagoma ND Approx. 300 Pinus spp. ND Nsuube 277 230 Eucalyptus spp. ND: No data available. Source: Forest Produce Monitoring Unit 2002 The current process of stamping timber is helpful in curbing illegal timber activities but is so far hardly effective for encouraging sustainable forest management principles and serves more towards curtailing illegal activities. Limited funding for the monitoring activities has resulted in poor surveillance mechanisms limiting control of illegal activities. There have been cases of imported timber being stamped as local produce, and timber from private landowners is assessed for payment of taxes only. However, if well funded and the staff well motivated, it is a good intentioned process that may contribute towards SFM. Structural Features Ownership and Tenure The management and ownership of the forest estate in Uganda falls under gazetted (protected) areas managed by government parastatals, and private or communal ownership managed by individuals or communities. The Forest Inspectorate Division (FID) among others duties monitors, regulates and provides guidelines for SFM across all sectors in the country. The gazetted forests are managed by the Uganda Wildlife Authority (UWA) or the National Forest Authority. yale school of forestry & environmental studies
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Yale F&ES Publication Series Report
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Table of Contents foreword 1 James
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foreword 1 Foreword James Gustave S
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acknowledgements 3 Acknowledgements
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acknowledgements 5 We are also grat
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introduction 7 Introduction: Forest
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introduction 9 Figure 1 Number of h
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introduction 11 Following this sect
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introduction 13 Members play an imp
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introduction 15 Pan-European Forest
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introduction 17 Table 1 Different c
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introduction 19 These also happen t
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introduction 21 While it proved rel
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introduction 23 Luthiers Mercantile
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egional overview: asia-pacific 27 i
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egional overview: asia-pacific 29 W
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Forest certification itself comes w
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forest certification in indonesia 3
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36 forest certification in developi
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102 forest certification in develop
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egional overview: eastern europe an
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forest certification in estonia 173
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214 Discussion of forest certificat
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South Egypt forest certification in
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egional overview: sub-saharan afric
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forest certification in gabon 443 F
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Page 567 and 568: conclusion 561 Conclusion Benjamin
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conclusion 565 to participate in a
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conclusion 567 despite their strong
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conclusion 569 Country Dominant for
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conclusion 571 While forest certifi
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conclusion 577 Sub-Saharan Africa T
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conclusion 579 culminating in LEI
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conclusion 581 spending more time o
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conclusion 583 supervision and moni
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conclusion 585 previously weak oper
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conclusion 587 notes that certifica
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conclusion 589 operations, which of
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conclusion 591 This volume has reve
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author biographies 593 Author Biogr
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author biographies 595 Gerard Boutt
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author biographies 597 Fred Gale le
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author biographies 599 both from Co
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author biographies 601 Markets: For
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author biographies 603 Lifetime Ach
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