Forest Certification in Developing and Transitioning ... - UTas ePrints

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forest certification in developing and transitioning countries
Table 2 Factors affecting the emergence of forest certification in Eastern Europe and Russia
Country Dominant forestry Forest Land ownership Market orientation Effect on
problems policy response patterns certification
Estonia Poor forestry regulation and Separation of regulation 40 percent state; 39 percent Rapidly growing timber FSC certification of all state
planning; over-harvesting; from management; private; 20 percent still industry; European forests. Notable specific
illegal logging. discussion of best undetermined; private market was significant, changes in forestry practices
practices; growing ownership very small but internal development as a result of FSC standard
involvement of NGOs. and fragmented. also important. setting process. Much of the
political debate on forestry
took place in the context of
the FSC standard setting
process.
Latvia Need to satisfy green buyer Radical reform of 50 percent state; 42 percent Need to keep green FSC certification of state
demands; illegal logging; socialist structure private; 8 percent other; buyers. enterprises: certification has
low transparency; socialist 1999-2000; division into private ownership small and become a forum for national
structure. policy making, oversight, fragmented. policy discussions.
and management
functions.
Poland Access to western European Consolidation of state 80 percent publicly owned, Western European FSC certification quickly
markets; coordination with forestry agency control; and the great majority of that markets key to viability adopted, but PEFC effort now
EU policies; challenge to vigorous efforts to managed by the State Forests of Polish forestry also taking root.
traditional state manage- demonstrate best Agency. industry; exports include
ment system. practices; rejection of both finished and raw
privatization. wood products.
Russia Economic restructuring, Continual restructuring; Complete federal ownership; Rapidly expanding; FSC certification growing
ineffective state policy; adoption of a leasing undefined but often respected European market is fairly relatively quickly in western
illegal logging. system; growing role of local rights to NTFPs. controlled, Asian very Russia; much more tentative
NGOs as external critics. powerful and turbulent. elsewhere in the country;
prospects of other
certification systems unclear.
yale school of forestry & environmental studies