Forest Certification in Developing and Transitioning ... - UTas ePrints

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368 forest certification in developing and transitioning countries with largely uncontrolled logging in the Petén and its negative repercussions on forest conservation did not convince CONAP that sustainable forest management could be ensured by granting concessions. Against this backdrop, the OLAFO community development project, executed by the Tropical Agricultural Research and Higher Education Center (CATIE), facilitated an extensive process of conceptualization and negotiation, but it was not until 1994 that the first concession (San Miguel La Palotada) was granted. It was anticipated that now the concession process would rapidly gain momentum. Yet CONAP continued to be concerned about the potentially adverse effects of forest management, slowing down the granting of further concessions in the MUZ. Finally, the process was revitalized in 1996 on the basis of the positive forest management experiences gained in the San Miguel concession in the MUZ and the community forest of the Bethel Cooperative in the buffer zone. In the same year, CONAP entered into a collaborative project with CATIE (funded by USAID) to streamline the concession-granting process. As a result, less bureaucratic regulations for granting the concessions in the MUZ were promulgated in 1999. In addition, mandatory forest certification was established as a formal requirement for both industrial and community concessions. Structural Features Ownership and Tenure 7 It remains unclear to what extent this variation is due to real changes in area and/or to differences in the methodological approaches. The name Guatemala derives from guauhtemallan in the Nahuatl language, meaning “Land of Trees.” Forests cover 3.90 million hectares or 35.7 percent of the land surface, including 2.24 million ha of broadleaved forests (57.6 percent), 1.07 million ha of fragmented forests associated with agricultural land (27.6 percent), 459,960 ha of mixed forests (11.8 percent), 101,650 ha of coniferous forests (2.6 percent), and 17,730 ha of mangrove forests (0.5 percent) (FAO 2003). Guatemala is a centrally organized, constitutional democratic republic, with its forest resources being administered by CONAP and the National Forestry Institute (INAB). CONAP is in charge of the protected areas, which harbor 51.4 percent of the remaining forests (Figure 1), including most of the country’s broadleaved forests (71.5 percent). The majority of coniferous forests, mixed forests, and forests associated with agricultural land (75.6 percent) are found outside protected areas and, hence, are administered by INAB. An estimated 700,000 hectares are subject to some type of forest management scheme. Two thirds of this area is under concession or licensed by CONAP, and the remaining area is controlled by operations with permits or licenses granted by INAB or delegates in the municipalities. Some 265,000 hectares of coniferous and mixed forests are considered as having productive potential (FAO 2003). Forest ownership types in Guatemala are (in order of descending area): private, national, and municipal-communal. Notably, recent figures derived from the National Forest Inventory Pilot Project 2002-2003 (FAO/INAB 2004) show marked differences in terms of total forest area as compared to earlier assessments by FAO (2003) (Table 1). 7 yale school of forestry & environmental studies
forest certification in guatemala 369 Table 1 Forest cover in Guatemala according to ownership type Type of ownership Area Percentage (ha) (%) Private 1,531,133 38 National 1,367,732 34 Municipal-Communal * 934,630 23 Other ** 212,521 5 Total 3,111,386 100 Source: Preliminary results of the National Forest Inventory Pilot Project 2002-2003 (FAO/INAB 2004) * Includes registered communal and municipal farms, non-registered communal farms, and farms encroached on by communities ** Areas lacking clear ownership rights due to conflicts or encroachment Figure 1 Map of forest cover in Guatemala (INAB 2004) Caribbean Sea yale school of forestry & environmental studies
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Yale F&ES Publication Series Report
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Table of Contents foreword 1 James
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foreword 1 Foreword James Gustave S
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acknowledgements 3 Acknowledgements
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acknowledgements 5 We are also grat
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introduction 7 Introduction: Forest
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introduction 9 Figure 1 Number of h
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introduction 11 Following this sect
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introduction 13 Members play an imp
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introduction 15 Pan-European Forest
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introduction 17 Table 1 Different c
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introduction 19 These also happen t
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introduction 21 While it proved rel
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introduction 23 Luthiers Mercantile
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egional overview: asia-pacific 27 i
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egional overview: asia-pacific 29 W
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Forest certification itself comes w
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forest certification in indonesia 3
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36 forest certification in developi
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102 forest certification in develop
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egional overview: eastern europe an
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forest certification in estonia 173
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214 Discussion of forest certificat
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South Egypt forest certification in
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egional overview: sub-saharan afric
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conclusion 561 Conclusion Benjamin
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conclusion 563 considerable and gro
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conclusion 565 to participate in a
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conclusion 567 despite their strong
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conclusion 569 Country Dominant for
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conclusion 571 While forest certifi
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conclusion 577 Sub-Saharan Africa T
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conclusion 579 culminating in LEI
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conclusion 581 spending more time o
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conclusion 583 supervision and moni
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conclusion 585 previously weak oper
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conclusion 587 notes that certifica
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conclusion 589 operations, which of
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conclusion 591 This volume has reve
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author biographies 593 Author Biogr
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author biographies 595 Gerard Boutt
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author biographies 597 Fred Gale le
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author biographies 599 both from Co
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author biographies 601 Markets: For
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author biographies 603 Lifetime Ach
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