Forest Certification in Developing and Transitioning ... - UTas ePrints

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222 forest certification in developing and transitioning countries Scientific Research Forests Violation of Forest Laws the reaction to certification Forest Policy Community and Stakeholders The attitude expressed by both WWF Latvia and the Latvian Forest Certification Council (LFCC) is that the initial reaction to certification by the forest sector was neutral at best, but that over time, the overall attitude toward certification has improved. Within the Latvian government, the attitude toward certification has progressed significantly. Whereas in 1995 there was not sufficient momentum to sustain a working group on certification, less than a decade later, fully 100 percent of state forests in Latvia have been certified. This focus on FSC has not come without a cost: as Skaidrīte Albertiņa of the Forest Owners’ Association claims, the government has continually ignored the efforts of the PEFC movement. However, Baiba Rotberga of the State Forest Service asserts (2004) that this agency has maintained a neutral position toward both certification organizations. Both PEFC and FSC advocates agree that public awareness of forest certification remains low. Rozītis acknowledges, “If I were to ask 100 people on the street in Riga whether it is important to manage forests more environmentally, and if FSC certification might be used toward this goal, then I think responses would be entirely positive. Until now very little attention has been paid to educating the public about the meaning of certification. This has begun to change within the past year.” In other words, most people would say they are in favor of better forest management, and would therefore be in favor of certification if they were told that this would lead to better forest management, but ultimately the average person is not well-informed about what certification actually means or what it accomplishes. According to Albertiņa, certification is more of a “professional question,” while the general public is concerned on a more basic level with issues of logging, or what she terms “forest robbery”— that is, perceived excessive logging. She suggests that the public sees trees being cut down as negative, but does not connect that with the economic realities of forestry. A timber industry representative (anonymous interview 2004) complains that while the demand for certified timber has increased, the consumer still does not really know what exactly he or she is demanding. Guntars Lagūns of the LFCC (Lagūns 2004) offers the explanation that the public’s attitudes and thinking are changing gradually, in parallel with improvements in the standard of living. He sees increasing affluence and overall development of the country as positive steps toward the expansion of certification, as well. In general, the Latvian environmental NGO community remains strongly supportive of FSC certification. yale school of forestry & environmental studies
forest certification in latvia 223 Forest Owners There seems to be a general consensus that forest owners are beginning to realize the potential benefits of certification, but that few have yet reaped any actual benefits. Certification is generally seen as something that definitely can’t hurt, and that may indeed prove essential for the future of the forest sector economy. The fact that the state forests have been certified may lend credibility to the process, but many private owners are not yet willing or able to spend their own money on certification, without any guarantee of its profitability. Current Status of Forestland Certification As of 2005, 100 percent of Latvia’s State Forests (under the management of LVM) were certified under FSC. State lands make up the vast majority of the 1,687,996 ha certified under FSC, but municipal and private lands may also receive certification. FSC certification can be obtained as through 15 accredited FSC organizations for direct certification. Most certification in Latvia is carried out by SGS Qualifor and SmartWood: ● ● ● 9 forest management certificates (1,687,996 ha); 80 Chain of Custody certificates through 2 certification groups (Forest Owners Consulting Center 2004); 14 members with a combined area of 6128 ha. Currently, the PEFC group in Latvia has 190 members, with a combined certified area of 37,860 hectares. PEFC certification can be obtained through one certification organization (SO Vides kvalitāte) accredited in Latvia for direct certification: ● ● ● 2 forest management certificates (7,150 ha); 13 Chain of Custody certificates through one regional certification group; 190 members with a combined area of 37,860 ha. The Riga municipal forests are split into industrial forests (56,000 ha), which are certified under FSC, and city forests (primarily for recreation, no logging – 4,000 ha), which are certified under PEFC. Current Status of the Certified Marketplace There has been steady growth in the certified wood market in Latvia. In 2003 1.64 million m 3 of FSC-certified timber were produced to meet the demands of the certified market. In addition, the appearance of consulting firms such as Forest 2000 indicates that there is a market for services related to the certification process. yale school of forestry & environmental studies
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Yale F&ES Publication Series Report
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Table of Contents foreword 1 James
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foreword 1 Foreword James Gustave S
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acknowledgements 3 Acknowledgements
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acknowledgements 5 We are also grat
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introduction 7 Introduction: Forest
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introduction 9 Figure 1 Number of h
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introduction 11 Following this sect
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introduction 13 Members play an imp
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introduction 15 Pan-European Forest
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introduction 17 Table 1 Different c
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introduction 19 These also happen t
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introduction 21 While it proved rel
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introduction 23 Luthiers Mercantile
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egional overview: asia-pacific 27 i
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egional overview: asia-pacific 29 W
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Forest certification itself comes w
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forest certification in indonesia 3
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36 forest certification in developi
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102 forest certification in develop
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egional overview: eastern europe an
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Page 179 and 180: forest certification in estonia 173
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egional overview: sub-saharan afric
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conclusion 561 Conclusion Benjamin
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conclusion 563 considerable and gro
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conclusion 565 to participate in a
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conclusion 567 despite their strong
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conclusion 569 Country Dominant for
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conclusion 571 While forest certifi
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conclusion 577 Sub-Saharan Africa T
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conclusion 579 culminating in LEI
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conclusion 581 spending more time o
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conclusion 583 supervision and moni
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conclusion 585 previously weak oper
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conclusion 587 notes that certifica
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conclusion 589 operations, which of
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conclusion 591 This volume has reve
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author biographies 593 Author Biogr
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author biographies 595 Gerard Boutt
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author biographies 597 Fred Gale le
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author biographies 599 both from Co
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author biographies 601 Markets: For
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author biographies 603 Lifetime Ach
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