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382 forest certification in developing and transitioning countries Table 4 Certified forest management units in Guatemala, as of February 2004 Organization Area Population Year of Certification (ha) benefiting certification status Community Suchitan 12,217 191 1998 Certified concessions San Miguel 7,039 145 1999 Certified La Pasadita 18,217 386 1999 Suspended Carmelita 53,797 388 2000 Certified Uaxactún 83,558 688 2001 Certified San Andrés 51,940 1,015 2001 Certified Arbol Verde 64,973 7,452 2002 Certified Laborantes del Bosque 19,390 392 2003 Certified El Esfuerzo 25,328 250 2004 Certified Custosel 21,176 423 2004 Certified Sub-Total 357,635 11,330 Industrial GIBOR 64,869 n.a. 2001 Certified concessions Baren Comercial 66,458 n.a. 2003 Certified Sub-Total 131,327 Cooperatives La Técnica 4,607 298 1999 Certified and municipal Bethel 4,149 523 1999 Suspended Ejidos Unión Maya Itzá 5,924 1,059 2001 Certified Ejido Sayaxché 7,419 5,000 2002 Certified Sub-Total 22,099 6,880 Plantations Ecoforest S.A. 2,242 n.a. 2003 Certified Los Alamos 1,120 n.a. 2003 Certified Sub-Total 3,362 Total 514,423 Source: Author’s elaboration based on FSC (2004) Note: n.a. = not applicable Additionally, seven chain-of-custody certificates have been granted, three of which belong to the two certified industrial concessions. However, these enterprises buy only small volumes of certified wood from the community concessions, due largely to problems with quality, prices and timely delivery. Current Status of the Certified Marketplace For the time being, demand for certified wood on the domestic market is virtually nonexistent. Almost the entirety of certified wood is exported to the USA, Mexico, and to a lesser extent, Europe. All exports of certified products must go through the handful of enterprises that have chain-of-custody certification. Despite the large area certified, annually harvested volume is low. The annual harvested area is less than 10,000 ha, with less than 2.5 m3 harvestable volume per hectare. In 2002, this translated into an annual cut of approximately 20,000 m3 (CONAP 2003). Less than half of this timber is being sold as certified sawn wood, principally mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla) and some secondary species such as santa maría (Callophyllum brasiliense), manchiche (Lonchocarpus castilloi) and pucté (Bucida buceras) (Table 5). Based on timber extraction in ten community concessions in 2000, Ortiz et l. (2002) yale school of forestry & environmental studies
forest certification in guatemala 383 conclude that mahogany was by far the most important species (49.6 percent of extracted volume), followed by tropical cedar (12.8 percent), manchiche (12.3 percent), santa maria (10.3 percent), and pucté (5.5 percent). Table 5 Timber sales by certified community forest management units, 2003 Sawn wood (board feet) Management Unit Mahogany Secondary Total Distribution Channel species Arbol Verde 331,003 178,200 509,203 With chain of custody Uaxactún 105,559 92,938 198,497 With chain of custody San Andrés 96,639 199,340 295,979 With chain of custody Carmelita 195,740 61,382 257,122 With chain of custody Sub-total 728,941 531,860 1 260,801 Suchitecos 145,340 192,203 337,543 Without chain of custody Laborantes del Bosque 156,000 135,750 291,750 Without chain of custody Custosel 183,470 125,882 309,352 Without chain of custody El Esfuerzo 231,868 283,411 515,279 Without chain of custody Sub-total 716,678 737,246 1 453,924 Total 1 445,619 1 269,106 2 714,725 Logs (Doyle feet) Management Unit Mahogany Secondary Total Distribution Channel species La Pasadita 75,000 68,668 143,668 Without chain of custody San Miguel 9,926 152,530 162,456 Without chain of custody La Unión Maya Itzá n.a. n.a. n.a. Without chain of custody Bethel n.a. n.a. n.a. Without chain of custody La Técnica n.a. n.a. n.a. Without chain of custody Sayaxhe n.a. n.a. n.a. Without chain of custody Sub-total ≥ 84,926 ≥ 221,198 ≥ 306,124 Source: Unpublished data provided by Chemonics Note: n.a. = not available The majority of certified timber entering the market was purchased by the US-based company Rex Lumber involving a local broker. The UK-based company John Bode Timber purchased Carmelita's production in a transaction mediated by the NGO Mundo Justo. A smaller portion was purchased by the Guatemalan company CAOBA S.A., which manufactures doors and windows for Home Depot in the United States. Apart from low production levels, it is evident that the distribution channels through which community groups sell their wood are not operating adequately, due mainly to the following factors: ● The supply of certified timber is not efficiently reaching the demand due to a lack of communication mechanisms. Several initiatives are in place to mitigate this, for example by creating regional networks of certified timber. Organizations promoting trade in certified timber include the CATIEbased Center for the Competitiveness of Ecoenterprises, with its bilingual website “EcoNegocios Forestales – Forest Eco-Business” (www.catie.ac.cr/ yale school of forestry & environmental studies
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Yale F&ES Publication Series Report
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Table of Contents foreword 1 James
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foreword 1 Foreword James Gustave S
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acknowledgements 3 Acknowledgements
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acknowledgements 5 We are also grat
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introduction 7 Introduction: Forest
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introduction 9 Figure 1 Number of h
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introduction 11 Following this sect
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introduction 13 Members play an imp
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introduction 15 Pan-European Forest
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introduction 17 Table 1 Different c
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introduction 19 These also happen t
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introduction 21 While it proved rel
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introduction 23 Luthiers Mercantile
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egional overview: asia-pacific 27 i
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egional overview: asia-pacific 29 W
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Forest certification itself comes w
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forest certification in indonesia 3
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36 forest certification in developi
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forest certification in papua new g
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102 forest certification in develop
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forest certification in solomon isl
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egional overview: eastern europe an
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forest certification in estonia 173
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214 Discussion of forest certificat
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forest certification in russia 263
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South Egypt forest certification in
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Page 337 and 338: forest certification in bolivia 331
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forest certification in mexico 433
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egional overview: sub-saharan afric
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forest certification in gabon 443 F
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conclusion 561 Conclusion Benjamin
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conclusion 563 considerable and gro
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conclusion 565 to participate in a
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conclusion 567 despite their strong
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conclusion 569 Country Dominant for
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conclusion 571 While forest certifi
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conclusion 577 Sub-Saharan Africa T
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conclusion 579 culminating in LEI
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conclusion 581 spending more time o
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conclusion 583 supervision and moni
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conclusion 585 previously weak oper
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conclusion 587 notes that certifica
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conclusion 589 operations, which of
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conclusion 591 This volume has reve
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author biographies 593 Author Biogr
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author biographies 595 Gerard Boutt
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author biographies 597 Fred Gale le
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author biographies 599 both from Co
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author biographies 601 Markets: For
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author biographies 603 Lifetime Ach
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Yale School of Forestry & Environme
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