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Table 3-17: Average Cost of Owning and Operating an Automobile a (Assuming 15,000 Vehicle-Miles per Year)1975 1980 1985 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010Average total cost per mile (current ¢) 14.4 21.2 23.2 33.0 37.3 38.8 38.7 39.4 41.2 42.6 44.8 46.1 47.0 49.1 51.0 50.2 51.7 56.2 52.2 52.2 54.1 54.0 56.6 58.5Gas b 4.8 5.9 5.6 5.4 6.6 5.9 5.9 5.6 5.8 5.6 6.6 6.2 5.6 6.9 7.9 5.9 7.2 6.5 9.5 8.9 11.7 10.1 11.4 12.3Gas as a percent of total cost b 33.4 27.9 24.0 16.4 17.7 15.2 15.2 14.2 14.1 13.1 14.7 13.5 11.9 14.1 15.5 11.7 13.9 11.6 18.2 17.1 21.6 18.7 20.1 21.1Maintenance c 1.0 1.1 1.2 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.8 2.8 3.1 3.3 3.6 3.9 4.1 4.1 5.4 4.9 4.9 4.6 4.6 4.5 4.4Tires 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 1.0Average total cost per 15,000 miles (current $) 2,154 3,176 3,484 4,954 5,601 5,824 5,804 5,916 6,185 6,389 6,723 6,908 7,050 7,363 7,654 7,533 7,754 8,431 7,834 7,823 8,121 8,095 8,487 8,776Variable cost 968 1,143 1,113 1,260 1,455 1,350 1,380 1,365 1,440 1,440 1,620 1,605 1,590 1,829 2,040 1,770 1,965 1,890 2,265 2,175 2,545 2,313 2,511 2,662Fixed cost d 1,186 2,033 2,371 3,694 4,146 4,474 4,424 4,551 4,745 4,949 5,103 5,303 5,460 5,534 5,614 5,764 5,789 6,541 5,569 5,648 5,576 5,783 5,976 6,114a All figures reflect the average cost of operating a vehicle 15,000 miles per year in stop and go conditions.b Prior to 2004, data include oil cost.cBeginning in 2004, data include oil cost.dFixed costs (ownership costs) include insurance, license, registration, taxes,depreciation, and finance charges.NOTESChanges in methodology have been made in 1985 and 2004, and thus costs may not be comparable before and after those years.In 2004, the American Automobile Association adopted a new method for calculating vehicle operating costs that represent the real-world personaluse of a vehicle over a five-year and 75,000-mile ownership period. The total cost of owning and operating an automobile include fuel,Maintenance , Tires , insurance, license, registration and taxes, depreciation, and finance.Prior to 1985, the cost figures are for a mid-sized, current model, American car equipped with a variety of standard and optional accessories. After1985, the cost figures represent a composite of three current model American cars. The 2004 fuel costs are based on average late-2003 U.S.prices from AAA's Fuel Gauge Report: www.fuelgaugereport.com. Insurance figures are based on a full-coverage policy for a married 47-year-oldmale with a good driving record living in a small city and commuting three to ten miles daily to work. The policy includes $100,000/$300,000 levelcoverage with a $500 deductible for collision coverage and a $100 deductible for comprehensive coverage. Depreciation costs are based on thedifference between new-vehicle purchase price and its estimated trade-in-value at the end of five years. American Automobile Association analysiscovers vehicles equipped with standard and optional accessories including automatic transmission, air conditioning, power steering, power discbrakes, AM/FM stereo, driver- and passenger-side air bags, anti-lock brakes, cruise control, tilt steering wheel, tinted glass, emissions equipment,and rear-window defogger.The sum of Variable and Fixed costs may not add to totals due to rounding.SOURCEAmerican Automobile Association, Your Driving Costs (Heathrow, FL: Annual Issues), available at http://www.aaapublicaffairs.com/Main/ as of Apr.13, 2011.
Table 3-18: Average Passenger Fares (Current dollars)1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008Air carrier, domestic, scheduled service 33.01 34.13 40.65 53.64 84.60 92.53 (R)107.96 (R)106.82 (R)103.97 (R)110.30 (R)103.71 (R)107.14 (R)110.79 (R)114.18 (R)114.45 (R)115.09 (R)121.29 111.60 (R)101.68 106.77 (R)105.14 106.48 114.39 114.10 120.57Class I bus, intercity a 2.46 2.73 3.81 5.46 10.57 11.98 20.22 21.86 21.15 21.32 19.77 20.10 22.85 20.83 23.14 26.16 29.46 30.27 30.11 U U U U U UTransit, all modes b (unlinked) 0.14 0.16 0.22 0.27 0.30 0.53 0.67 0.70 0.72 0.77 0.85 0.88 0.93 0.90 0.91 0.90 0.93 0.92 0.90 0.96 1.01 1.03 1.26 1.07 1.11Commuter rail 0.64 0.71 0.84 1.04 1.41 2.85 2.90 3.01 3.09 3.09 3.19 3.13 3.25 3.30 3.29 3.30 3.33 3.43 3.49 3.79 3.90 4.08 4.22 4.32 4.58Intercity rail / Amtrak c 4.22 3.92 3.19 12.96 17.72 26.15 39.59 41.19 40.78 40.11 39.10 39.92 43.31 45.26 44.75 46.85 49.61 51.58 55.15 50.68 50.04 51.47 56.45 58.94 60.52KEY: R = revised; U = data are unavailable.a Regular route Intercity service.b Prior to 1984, excludes Commuter rail , automated guideway, urban ferryboat, demand responsive, and most rural and smaller systems.c Amtrak began operations in 1971.SOURCESAir carrier, domestic, scheduled service:1960: Civil Aeronautics Board, Handbook of Airline Statistics, 1969 (Washington, DC: February 1970), part III, table 2 (enplanements);part IV, table 2 (passenger revenue).1965-70: Ibid. Handbook of Airline Statistics, 1973 (Washington, DC: March 1974), part III, table 2 (enplanements); part IV, table 2(passenger revenue).1975-80: Ibid. Air Carrier Financial Statistics (Washington, DC: Annual December issues), p. 1, line 3; and Air Carrier Traffic Statistics( Washington, DC: Annual December Issues), p. 2, line 16 (passenger revenue / revenue passenger enplanements).1985: U.S. Department of Transportation, Bureau of Transportation Statistics, Office of Airline Information, Air Carrier Financial Statistics(Washington, DC: Annual December Issues); and Air Carrier Traffic Statistics (Washington, DC: Annual December Issues) (passengerrevenue / revenue passenger enplanements).1990-2010: U.S. Department of Transportation, Research and Innovative Technology Administration, Bureau of Transportation Statistics,Office of Airline Information, TranStats Database, T1: U.S. Air Carrier Traffic and Capacity Summary by Service Class, available athttp://www.transtats.bts.gov/DL_SelectFields.asp?Table_ID=264&DB_Short_Name=Air%20Carrier%20Summary as of Feb. 29, 2012, andAir Carrier Financial Reports , Schedule P-11 and Schedule P-12, available athttp://www.transtats.bts.gov/databases.asp?Mode_ID=1&Mode_Desc=Aviation&Subject_ID2=0 as of Feb. 29, 2012.Class I bus, intercity:1960-93: Interstate Commerce Commission, Transport Statistics in the United States, Motor Carriers (Washington, DC: Annual Issues),part 2.1994-2002: U.S. Department of Transportation, Bureau of Transportation Statistics, Selected Earnings Data, Class I Motor Carriers ofPassengers (Washington, DC: Annual Issues) (operating revenue / revenue passengers).Transit and commuter rail:1960-2001: American Public Transportation Association, Public Transportation Fact Book Appendix A: Historical Tables (Washington, DC:Annual Issues), table 43, and similar tables in earlier editions (passenger fares / passenger trips).2002-10: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Transit Administration, National Transit Database, Data Tables (Washington, D.C.:Annual Reports), table 26, available at http://www.ntdprogram.gov/ntdprogram/data.htm as of Feb. 28, 2012.Intercity rail / Amtrak:1960-70: Association of American Railroads, Railroad Facts (Washington, DC: Annual Issues).1975-80: National Passenger Rail Corporation (Amtrak), State and Local Affairs Department and Public Affairs Department, personalcommunication.1985-96: National Passenger Rail Corporation (Amtrak), Amtrak Annual Report , Statistical Appendix (Washington, DC: Annual Issues)(transportation revenues / Amtrak system passenger trips).1997-2010: National Passenger Rail Corporation (Amtrak), Amtrak Annual Report (Washington, DC: Annual Issues) (ticket revenue perpassenger mile multiplied by average trip length of passengers), p. 67, available athttp://www.amtrak.com/servlet/ContentServer?c=Page&pagename=am%2FLayout&cid=1241245669222 as of Feb. 28, 2012.
Page 1:
NationalTransportationStatistics
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AcknowledgmentsU.S. Department of T
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Table of ContentsINTRODUCTIONTable
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1-56 U.S. Waterborne Freight (Updat
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SECTION E. RAILROAD2-39 Railroad an
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3-35 Transportation Expenditures by
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4-51 Air Pollution Trends in Select
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IntroductionCompiled and published
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SOURCESU.S. resident population, ag
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Table 1-1: System Mileage Within th
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Table 1-3: Number of U.S. Airports
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Table 1-5: U.S. Public Road and Str
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Table 1-7: Number of Stations Serve
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Table 1-9: ADA-Accessible Rail Tran
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Section BVehicle, Aircraft, andVess
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Table 1-12: U.S. Sales or Deliverie
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Table 1-14: U.S. Automobile and Tru
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Table 1-16: Retail a New Passenger
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Table 1-18: Retail Sales of New Car
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Table 1-20: Period Sales, Market Sh
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Table 1-22: Number of Trucks by Wei
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Taiwan U U U 116 132 124 101 113 11
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Section CCondition
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Table 1-26: Average Age of Automobi
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Table 1-28: Condition of U.S. Highw
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Table 1-30: Condition of Urban Bus
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Table 1-32: Class I Railroad Locomo
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Table 1-34: U.S. Flag Vessels by Ty
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Table 1-36: Roadway Vehicle-Miles T
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Table 1-38: Average Length of Haul,
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Table 1-40: U.S. Passenger-Miles (M
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Table 1-42: Long-Distance Travel in
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Table 1-43: Long-Distance Travel in
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Table 1-45: Air Passenger Travel Ar
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Section DTravel and GoodsMovement
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Table 1-48: U.S.-Mexican Border Lan
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Table 1-50: U.S. Ton-Miles of Freig
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Table 1-52: U.S.-Canadian Border La
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Table 1-54: U.S.-Mexican Border Lan
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Table 1-56: U.S. Waterborne Freight
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Table 1-58: Freight Activity in the
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Table 1-60: Value of U.S. Land Expo
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Table 1-61M: Crude Oil and Petroleu
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Table 1-63: U.S. Hazardous Material
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Table 1-64: Passengers Boarded and
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Table 1-66: Flight Operations Arriv
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Table 1-68: Major U.S. Air Carrier
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Table 1-69: Annual Person-Hours of
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Table 1-70: Travel Time IndexShort-
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Table 1-71: Annual Roadway Congesti
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Table 1-73: Amtrak On-Time Performa
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Table 2-1: Transportation Fatalitie
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Table 2-3: Transportation Accidents
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Table 2-5: Highway-Rail Grade-Cross
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Table 2-7: Transportation-Related O
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Section BAir
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Table 2-10: U.S. Commuter Air Carri
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Table 2-12: U.S. Commuter Air Carri
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Table 2-14: U.S. General Aviation a
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Table 2-16b: Prohibited Items Inter
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Section CHighway
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Table 2-18: Motor Vehicle Fatalitie
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Table 2-20: Occupant and Nonmotoris
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Table 2-22: Motorcycle Rider Safety
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Table 2-24: Bus Occupant Safety Dat
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Table 2-26: Fatalities by Highest B
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Table 2-28: Motor Vehicle Fatal Cra
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Table 2-30: Safety Belt and Motorcy
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Section DTransit
Page 160 and 161: Table 2-33: Transit Safety Data by
Page 162 and 163: d The number of Unlinked passenger
Page 164 and 165: Table 2-36: Transit and Grade-Cross
Page 166 and 167: Table 2-38: Reports of Violent Crim
Page 168: KEY: N = data do not exist.a The ki
Page 172 and 173: Table 2-39: Railroad and Grade-Cros
Page 174 and 175: Table 2-41: Train Fatalities, Injur
Page 176 and 177: Table 2-43: Railroad System Safety
Page 178: Section FWater
Page 181 and 182: Table 2-46: Waterborne Transportati
Page 183 and 184: Table 2-48: Personal Watercraft Saf
Page 186: Section GPipeline
Page 190: Chapter 3Transportation andthe Econ
Page 193 and 194: Table 3-2: U.S. Gross Domestic Prod
Page 195 and 196: Table 3-4: U.S. Gross Domestic Prod
Page 197 and 198: Table 3-6: U.S. Gross Domestic Dema
Page 199 and 200: Table 3-8: Contributions to Gross D
Page 201 and 202: Table 3-10: National Transportation
Page 204 and 205: Table 3-11: Sales Price of Transpor
Page 206 and 207: Table 3-13: Producer Price Indices
Page 208 and 209: Table 3-15: Personal Expenditures b
Page 212: Table 3-19: Average Passenger Fares
Page 216 and 217: Table 3-20: Average Passenger Reven
Page 218 and 219: Table 3-22: Total Operating Revenue
Page 220 and 221: Table 3-24: Employment in Transport
Page 222 and 223: Table 3-26: Median Weekly Earnings
Page 224: Table 3-28: Labor Productivity Indi
Page 228 and 229: Table 3-29: Federal, State, and Loc
Page 230 and 231: Table 3-31: Summary of Transportati
Page 232 and 233: Table 3-33: Transportation Revenues
Page 234 and 235: Table 3-35: Transportation Expendit
Page 236 and 237: Table 3-37: Federal Transportation
Page 239: Chapter 4Transportation, Energy,and
Page 242 and 243: Table 4-2: U.S. Consumption of Ener
Page 245: Section BTransportation EnergyConsu
Page 248 and 249: Table 4-5: Fuel Consumption by Mode
Page 250 and 251: Table 4-7: Domestic Demand for Gaso
Page 252 and 253: Table 4-9: Motor Vehicle Fuel Consu
Page 254 and 255: Table 4-11: Light Duty Vehicle, Sho
Page 256 and 257: Table 4-13: Single-Unit 2-Axle 6-Ti
Page 258 and 259: Table 4-15: Bus Fuel Consumption an
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Table 4-17: Class I Rail Freight Fu
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Table 4-19: U.S. Government Energy
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Table 4-20: Energy Intensity of Pas
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Table 4-22: Energy Intensity of Lig
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Table 4-24: Energy Intensity of Tra
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Table 4-26: Energy Intensity of Amt
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Table 4-28: Annual Wasted Fuel Due
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Table 4-29: Annual Wasted Fuel Per
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Section DAir Pollution
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Table 4-31: Federal Exhaust Emissio
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1968-Table 4-33: Federal Exhaust Em
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KEY: CO = carbon monoxide; HC = hyd
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KEY: CO = carbon monoxide; g = gram
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KEY: bhp = brake horsepower; bhph =
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Table 4-42: Tier 2 Federal Exhaust
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Table 4-44: Estimated National Aver
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Table 4-46: Estimated National Emis
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Monmouth-Ocean, NJ 5 21 4 41 34 31
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Table 4-52: Areas in Nonattainment
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Section EWater Pollution, Noise,and
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Table 4-55: Leaking Underground Sto
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Table 4-57: Number of People Residi
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appendix aMetric ConversionTables
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Table 1-4M: Kilometers of Public Ro
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Table 1-35M: U.S. Vehicle-Kilometer
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Table 1-38M: Average Length of Haul
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a Includes freight, express, and ma
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Table 1-56M: U.S. Waterborne Freigh
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Table 4-3M: Domestic Demand for Ref
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Table 4-6M: Energy Consumption by M
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Table 4-8M: Certificated Air Carrie
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Table 4-11M: Light Duty Vehicle, Sh
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Table 4-13M: Single-Unit 2-Axle 6-T
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Table 4-15M: Bus Fuel Consumption a
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Table 4-17M: Class I Rail Freight F
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Table 4-19M: U.S. Government Energy
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Table 4-21M: Energy Intensity of Ce
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Table 4-23M: Average Fuel Efficienc
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Table 4-25M: Energy Intensity of Cl
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Appendix B: GlossaryAIR CARRIER: A
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Appendix B: GlossaryCOLLISION WITH
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Appendix B: GlossaryFEDERAL ENERGY
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Appendix B: GlossaryINJURY (Rail):
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Appendix B: GlossaryMOTOR BUS (Tran
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Appendix B: GlossaryPERSONAL BUSINE
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Appendix B: GlossarySUBCOMPACT CAR:
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appendix cAcronyms and InitialismsA
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appendix dModal Profiles
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Air Carrier Profile continuedPerfor
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Air Carrier Profile continuedPerfor
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Highway ProfileFINANCIAL 1960 1970
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General Aviation ProfileINVENTORY 1
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Motorcycle f f f f 50 50 50 50 50 5
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KEY: R = revised; U = data are unav
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Transit ProfileFINANCIAL 1960 1970
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161960-2006: Fatalities and Injured
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SAFETY d,9Number of fatalities, rai
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SAFETYFatalities in waterborne tran
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Natural Gas Pipeline ProfileFINANCI
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appendix eSource andAccuracy Statem
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agencies receiving funds through th
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solicitations of all federally regu
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Passenger Car, Truck, Bus, and Recr
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Highway, Total (registered vehicles
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after 1996. Some jurisdictions fail
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adherence to federal guidelines reg
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year. Also, expansion factors are u
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PassengerAir CarrierThe U.S. Depart
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The data are from Waterborne Commer
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The Transborder Surface Freight Dat
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A second data source for air-carrie
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Appendix EData Source and Accuracy
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when data are entered, they are che
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vehicles, and 15 were deleted becau
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TABLE 2-4. Distribution of Transpor
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BEA personal consumption expenditur
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Transportation-related government p
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information on their data collectio
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AccuracyAs in all surveys, the accu
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The American Public Transit Associa
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Government EmploymentThe Office of
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specifications or equations, should
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As mentioned above, the Highway Rev
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Highway ExpendituresFederal Highway
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consistency between the different m
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when data are entered, they are che
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vehicles, and 15 were deleted becau
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TABLE 2-4. Distribution of Transpor
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agencies receiving funds through th
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solicitations of all federally regu
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Passenger Car, Truck, Bus, and Recr
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Highway, Total (registered vehicles
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after 1996. Some jurisdictions fail
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adherence to federal guidelines reg
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year. Also, expansion factors are u
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PassengerAir CarrierThe U.S. Depart
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The data are from Waterborne Commer
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The Transborder Surface Freight Dat
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A second data source for air-carrie
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If transportation had been reviewed
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Alternative FuelsIn addition to oxy
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RailThe data are from Railroad Fact
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multiplied by the average peak peri
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In general, lead emissions are esti
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The number of the people exposed to
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If transportation had been reviewed
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Alternative FuelsIn addition to oxy
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RailThe data are from Railroad Fact
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multiplied by the average peak peri
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In general, lead emissions are esti
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The number of the people exposed to
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