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Table 4-22M: Energy Intensity of Light Duty Vehicles and Motorcycles1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 (R) 2009 2010Vehicle-kilometers (millions)Light duty vehicle, short wheel base a,b 944,685 1,163,556 1,475,768 1,664,062 1,789,591 2,006,852 2,265,956 2,185,489 2,208,020 2,212,848 2,262,738 2,314,237 2,365,736 2,418,844 2,494,483 2,525,061 2,575,412 2,618,991 2,669,055 2,690,770 2,735,708 2,749,437 2,720,651 3,386,729 3,258,531 3,243,977 3,259,559Light duty vehicle, long wheel base b N N 197,949 323,478 468,319 629,254 925,373 1,044,464 1,137,806 1,200,571 1,231,148 1,271,382 1,314,834 1,369,552 1,396,911 1,450,019 1,485,519 1,516,991 1,554,681 1,583,627 1,653,060 1,675,410 1,742,099 944,071 974,388 993,824 1,001,435Motorcycle a U U 4,828 9,012 16,415 14,645 15,450 14,806 15,450 15,933 16,415 15,772 15,933 16,254 16,576 17,059 16,848 15,502 15,372 15,411 16,290 16,825 19,392 34,434 33,492 33,510 29,712Passenger-kilometers (millions)Light duty vehicle, short wheel base a,b 1,842,699 2,245,035 2,817,961 3,144,658 3,238,000 3,369,966 3,672,523 3,540,557 3,553,432 3,561,478 3,621,024 3,680,570 3,761,037 3,844,723 3,965,424 4,015,313 4,094,907 4,114,258 4,217,107 4,251,702 4,322,419 4,344,110 4,298,629 5,351,032 5,148,478 4,507,134 4,528,783Light duty vehicle, long wheel base b N N 363,712 584,192 838,468 1,107,229 1,609,344 1,797,637 1,934,431 2,016,508 2,042,258 2,021,336 2,088,929 2,177,442 2,222,504 2,306,190 2,361,976 2,701,851 2,695,316 2,745,706 2,865,873 2,904,621 3,020,240 1,636,715 1,689,275 1,327,699 1,337,868Motorcycle a U U 4,828 9,656 19,312 19,312 19,312 19,312 19,312 19,312 19,312 17,703 17,703 17,703 17,703 19,312 18,533 18,925 19,523 19,574 20,689 21,367 24,628 43,731 42,534 36,094 32,003Average occupancy rateLight duty vehicle, short wheel base a,b 1.95 1.93 1.91 1.89 1.81 1.68 1.62 1.62 1.61 1.61 1.60 1.59 1.59 1.59 1.59 1.59 1.59 1.57 1.58 1.58 1.58 1.58 1.58 1.58 1.58 1.39 1.39Light duty vehicle, long wheel base b N N 1.84 1.81 1.79 1.76 1.74 1.72 1.70 1.68 1.66 1.59 1.59 1.59 1.59 1.59 1.59 1.78 1.73 1.73 1.73 1.73 1.73 1.73 1.73 1.34 1.34Motorcycle a U U 1.00 1.07 1.18 1.32 1.25 1.30 1.25 1.21 1.18 1.12 1.11 1.09 1.07 1.13 1.10 1.22 1.27 1.27 1.27 1.27 1.27 1.27 1.27 1.08 1.08Fuel consumed (million liters)Light duty vehicle, short wheel base a,b 155,849 188,222 256,723 280,650 264,911 270,725 263,344 243,466 247,702 253,804 256,931 257,681 262,030 264,570 271,395 277,406 276,582 278,450 285,690 285,627 285,427 293,061 283,940 339,085 323,991 324,249 326,455Light duty vehicle, long wheel base b N N 46,610 72,229 90,078 103,580 134,802 144,667 154,933 162,209 166,982 172,634 179,254 186,954 191,019 200,093 200,395 202,602 209,031 229,994 240,060 222,844 229,719 139,721 132,207 135,179 136,778Motorcycle a U U 227 428 772 689 723 697 723 750 776 742 750 765 780 801 793 730 723 725 766 717 837 1,798 1,853 1,826 1,611Energy intensity (Kilojoules/passenger-kilometer) bLight duty vehicle, short wheel base a,b 2,947 2,921 3,174 3,109 2,850 2,799 2,498 2,396 2,429 2,483 2,472 2,439 2,427 2,397 2,384 2,407 2,353 2,358 2,360 2,341 2,301 2,350 2,301 2,208 2,192 2,506 2,511Light duty vehicle, long wheel base b N N 4,465 4,308 3,743 3,259 2,918 2,804 2,790 2,803 2,849 2,975 2,990 2,991 2,994 3,023 2,956 2,612 2,702 2,918 2,918 2,673 2,650 2,974 2,727 3,547 3,562Motorcycle a U U 1,639 1,543 1,393 1,243 1,304 1,257 1,304 1,352 1,400 1,460 1,475 1,505 1,535 1,446 1,490 1,343 1,291 1,291 1,291 1,170 1,184 1,432 1,517 1,762 1,754KEY: Btu = British thermal unit; N = data do not exist; R = revised; U = data are unavailable.aMotorcycle was included in Light duty vehicle, short wheel base (previously Passenger car ) in 1960 and 1965.b 1960-99 data are for Passenger car and Other 2-axle, 4-tire vehicles , respectively. The data from 1960-2006 are not comparable to the data from 2007-10.c Energy Intensity (Kilojoules/passenger-kilometer) is calculated by converting the fuel consumption in liters to the energy equivalent Kilojoule units and dividing by the passenger-kilometers. The heat equivalent factor used for kilojoule conversion is34,839.537 Kilojoules/liter.NOTESData for 2007-09 were calculated using a new methodology developed by FHWA. Data for these years are based on new categories and are not comparable to previous years. The new category Light duty vehicle, short wheel base includespassenger cars, light trucks, vans and sport utility vehicles with a wheelbase (WB) equal to or less than 121 inches. The new category Light duty vehicle, long wheel base includes large passenger cars, vans, pickup trucks, and sport/utility vehicleswith wheelbases (WB) larger than 121 inches.In 1995, the U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration revised its vehicle type categories for 1993 and later data. These new categories include passenger car, other 2-axle 4-tire vehicle, single-unit 2-axle 6-tire or more truck,and combination truck. Other 2-axle 4-tire vehicle includes vans, pickup trucks, and sport utility vehicles. In previous years, some minivans and sport utility vehicles were included in the passenger car category. Single-unit 2-axle 6-tire or more trucksare on a single frame with at least 2 axles and 6 tires. Pre-1993 data have been reassigned to the closest available category.For 1970-94, the unrevised motorcycle fuel consumed is subtracted from the combined passenger car and motorcycle fuel consumed from VM-201A.Vehicle-kilometers and Passenger-kilometers data for 1960 through 1999 have been rounded to the nearest billion miles.1 mile = 1.609344 kilometers1 gallon = 3.785412 liters1 Btu = 1.055056 kilojoules.SOURCESVehicle-miles:Passenger car:1960-94: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Highway Statistics Summary to 1995, table VM-201A, available at http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policyinformation/statistics.cfm as of Oct. 6, 2011.1995-2006: Ibid., Highway Statistics (Washington, DC: Annual Issues), table VM-1, available at http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policyinformation/statistics.cfm as of Oct. 6, 2011.Light duty vehicle, short wheel base:2007-2010: Ibid., Highway Statistics (Washington, DC: Annual Issues), table VM-1, available at http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policyinformation/statistics.cfm as of Mar. 14, 2012.Other 2-axle 4-tire vehicle:1970-94: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Highway Statistics Summary to 1995, table VM-201A, available at http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policyinformation/statistics.cfm as of Oct. 6, 2011.1995-2006: Ibid., Highway Statistics (Washington, DC: Annual Issues), table VM-1, available at http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policyinformation/statistics.cfm as of Oct. 6, 2011.Light duty vehicle, long wheel base:2007-2010: Ibid., Highway Statistics (Washington, DC: Annual Issues), table VM-1, available at http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policyinformation/statistics.cfm as of Mar. 14, 2012.Motorcycle:1970-94: Ibid., Highway Statistics, Summary to 1985 (Washington, DC: 1986), table VM-201A.For 1970-94, the unrevised motorcycle vehicle-miles are subtracted from the combined passenger car and motorcycle vehicle-miles from VM-201A.1995-2010: Ibid., Highway Statistics (Washington, DC: Annual Issues), table VM-1, available at http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policyinformation/statistics.cfm as of Mar. 14, 2012.Passenger-miles:1960-97: Vehicle-miles multiplied by vehicle occupancy rates.1998-2010: Ibid., Highway Statistics (Washington, DC: Annual Issues), table VM-1, available at http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policyinformation/statistics.cfm as of Mar. 14, 2012.Fuel consumed:1960-94: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Highway Statistics Summary to 1995, FHWA-PL-97-009 (Washington, DC: July 1997), table VM-201A.1995-2010: Ibid., Highway Statistics (Washington, DC: Annual Issues), table VM-1, available at http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policyinformation/statistics.cfm as of Mar. 14, 2012.
Table 4-23M: Average Fuel Efficiency of U.S. Light Duty Vehicles1980 1985 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 (R) 2010 2011Average U.S. passenger car fuel efficiency (kmpl) (calendar year)Light duty vehicle, short wheel base a,b 6.8 7.4 8.6 9.0 8.9 8.8 8.8 9.0 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.1 9.3 9.4 9.3 9.4 9.6 9.4 9.6 9.7 10.1 10.1 U ULight duty vehicle, long wheel base a 5.2 6.1 6.9 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.3 7.3 7.3 7.2 7.4 7.5 7.4 6.9 6.9 7.5 7.6 7.3 7.4 7.4 U UNew vehicle fuel efficiency (kmpl) c (model year)Light-duty vehiclePassenger car 10.3 11.7 11.9 12.1 11.9 12.1 12.0 12.2 12.1 12.2 12.2 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.5 12.5 12.9 12.8 13.3 13.4 14.0 14.4 14.4Domestic 9.6 11.2 11.4 11.6 11.5 11.8 11.7 11.8 11.9 11.8 12.2 11.9 12.2 12.2 12.4 12.4 12.7 13.0 12.9 13.0 13.3 13.6 14.1 13.8Imported 12.6 13.4 12.7 12.8 12.4 12.6 12.6 12.9 12.6 12.8 12.4 12.3 12.0 12.3 12.2 12.7 12.2 12.7 12.6 13.7 13.5 14.4 15.0 15.0Light truck (
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NationalTransportationStatistics
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AcknowledgmentsU.S. Department of T
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Table of ContentsINTRODUCTIONTable
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1-56 U.S. Waterborne Freight (Updat
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SECTION E. RAILROAD2-39 Railroad an
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3-35 Transportation Expenditures by
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4-51 Air Pollution Trends in Select
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IntroductionCompiled and published
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SOURCESU.S. resident population, ag
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Table 1-1: System Mileage Within th
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Table 1-3: Number of U.S. Airports
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Table 1-5: U.S. Public Road and Str
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Table 1-7: Number of Stations Serve
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Table 1-9: ADA-Accessible Rail Tran
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Section BVehicle, Aircraft, andVess
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Table 1-12: U.S. Sales or Deliverie
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Table 1-14: U.S. Automobile and Tru
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Table 1-16: Retail a New Passenger
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Table 1-18: Retail Sales of New Car
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Table 1-20: Period Sales, Market Sh
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Table 1-22: Number of Trucks by Wei
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Taiwan U U U 116 132 124 101 113 11
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Section CCondition
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Table 1-26: Average Age of Automobi
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Table 1-28: Condition of U.S. Highw
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Table 1-30: Condition of Urban Bus
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Table 1-32: Class I Railroad Locomo
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Table 1-34: U.S. Flag Vessels by Ty
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Table 1-36: Roadway Vehicle-Miles T
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Table 1-38: Average Length of Haul,
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Table 1-40: U.S. Passenger-Miles (M
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Table 1-42: Long-Distance Travel in
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Table 1-43: Long-Distance Travel in
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Table 1-45: Air Passenger Travel Ar
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Section DTravel and GoodsMovement
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Table 1-48: U.S.-Mexican Border Lan
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Table 1-50: U.S. Ton-Miles of Freig
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Table 1-52: U.S.-Canadian Border La
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Table 1-54: U.S.-Mexican Border Lan
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Table 1-56: U.S. Waterborne Freight
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Table 1-58: Freight Activity in the
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Table 1-60: Value of U.S. Land Expo
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Table 1-61M: Crude Oil and Petroleu
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Table 1-63: U.S. Hazardous Material
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Table 1-64: Passengers Boarded and
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Table 1-66: Flight Operations Arriv
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Table 1-68: Major U.S. Air Carrier
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Table 1-69: Annual Person-Hours of
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Table 1-70: Travel Time IndexShort-
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Table 1-71: Annual Roadway Congesti
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Table 1-73: Amtrak On-Time Performa
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Table 2-1: Transportation Fatalitie
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Table 2-3: Transportation Accidents
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Table 2-5: Highway-Rail Grade-Cross
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Table 2-7: Transportation-Related O
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Section BAir
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Table 2-10: U.S. Commuter Air Carri
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Table 2-12: U.S. Commuter Air Carri
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Table 2-14: U.S. General Aviation a
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Table 2-16b: Prohibited Items Inter
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Section CHighway
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Table 2-18: Motor Vehicle Fatalitie
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Table 2-20: Occupant and Nonmotoris
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Table 2-22: Motorcycle Rider Safety
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Table 2-24: Bus Occupant Safety Dat
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Table 2-26: Fatalities by Highest B
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Table 2-28: Motor Vehicle Fatal Cra
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Table 2-30: Safety Belt and Motorcy
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Section DTransit
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Table 2-33: Transit Safety Data by
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d The number of Unlinked passenger
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Table 2-36: Transit and Grade-Cross
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Table 2-38: Reports of Violent Crim
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KEY: N = data do not exist.a The ki
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Table 2-39: Railroad and Grade-Cros
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Table 2-41: Train Fatalities, Injur
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Table 2-43: Railroad System Safety
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Section FWater
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Table 2-46: Waterborne Transportati
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Table 2-48: Personal Watercraft Saf
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Section GPipeline
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Chapter 3Transportation andthe Econ
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Table 3-2: U.S. Gross Domestic Prod
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Table 3-4: U.S. Gross Domestic Prod
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Table 3-6: U.S. Gross Domestic Dema
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Table 3-8: Contributions to Gross D
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Table 3-10: National Transportation
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Table 3-11: Sales Price of Transpor
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Table 3-13: Producer Price Indices
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Table 3-15: Personal Expenditures b
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Table 3-17: Average Cost of Owning
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Table 3-19: Average Passenger Fares
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Table 3-20: Average Passenger Reven
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Table 3-22: Total Operating Revenue
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Table 3-24: Employment in Transport
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Table 3-26: Median Weekly Earnings
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Table 3-28: Labor Productivity Indi
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Table 3-29: Federal, State, and Loc
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Table 3-31: Summary of Transportati
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Table 3-33: Transportation Revenues
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Table 3-35: Transportation Expendit
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Table 3-37: Federal Transportation
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Chapter 4Transportation, Energy,and
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Table 4-2: U.S. Consumption of Ener
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Section BTransportation EnergyConsu
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Table 4-5: Fuel Consumption by Mode
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Table 4-7: Domestic Demand for Gaso
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Table 4-9: Motor Vehicle Fuel Consu
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Table 4-11: Light Duty Vehicle, Sho
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Table 4-13: Single-Unit 2-Axle 6-Ti
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Table 4-15: Bus Fuel Consumption an
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Table 4-17: Class I Rail Freight Fu
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Table 4-19: U.S. Government Energy
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Table 4-20: Energy Intensity of Pas
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Table 4-22: Energy Intensity of Lig
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Table 4-24: Energy Intensity of Tra
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Table 4-26: Energy Intensity of Amt
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Table 4-28: Annual Wasted Fuel Due
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Table 4-29: Annual Wasted Fuel Per
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Section DAir Pollution
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Table 4-31: Federal Exhaust Emissio
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1968-Table 4-33: Federal Exhaust Em
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KEY: CO = carbon monoxide; HC = hyd
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KEY: CO = carbon monoxide; g = gram
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KEY: bhp = brake horsepower; bhph =
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Table 4-42: Tier 2 Federal Exhaust
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Page 315 and 316: Table 4-57: Number of People Residi
Page 318: appendix aMetric ConversionTables
Page 321 and 322: Table 1-4M: Kilometers of Public Ro
Page 323 and 324: Table 1-35M: U.S. Vehicle-Kilometer
Page 325 and 326: Table 1-38M: Average Length of Haul
Page 327 and 328: a Includes freight, express, and ma
Page 329 and 330: Table 1-56M: U.S. Waterborne Freigh
Page 331 and 332: Table 4-3M: Domestic Demand for Ref
Page 333 and 334: Table 4-6M: Energy Consumption by M
Page 335 and 336: Table 4-8M: Certificated Air Carrie
Page 337 and 338: Table 4-11M: Light Duty Vehicle, Sh
Page 339 and 340: Table 4-13M: Single-Unit 2-Axle 6-T
Page 341 and 342: Table 4-15M: Bus Fuel Consumption a
Page 343 and 344: Table 4-17M: Class I Rail Freight F
Page 345 and 346: Table 4-19M: U.S. Government Energy
Page 347: Table 4-21M: Energy Intensity of Ce
Page 351 and 352: Table 4-25M: Energy Intensity of Cl
Page 353 and 354: Appendix B: GlossaryAIR CARRIER: A
Page 355 and 356: Appendix B: GlossaryCOLLISION WITH
Page 357 and 358: Appendix B: GlossaryFEDERAL ENERGY
Page 359 and 360: Appendix B: GlossaryINJURY (Rail):
Page 361 and 362: Appendix B: GlossaryMOTOR BUS (Tran
Page 363 and 364: Appendix B: GlossaryPERSONAL BUSINE
Page 365 and 366: Appendix B: GlossarySUBCOMPACT CAR:
Page 367 and 368: appendix cAcronyms and InitialismsA
Page 370: appendix dModal Profiles
Page 373 and 374: Air Carrier Profile continuedPerfor
Page 375 and 376: Air Carrier Profile continuedPerfor
Page 377 and 378: Highway ProfileFINANCIAL 1960 1970
Page 379 and 380: General Aviation ProfileINVENTORY 1
Page 381 and 382: Motorcycle f f f f 50 50 50 50 50 5
Page 383 and 384: KEY: R = revised; U = data are unav
Page 385 and 386: Transit ProfileFINANCIAL 1960 1970
Page 387 and 388: 161960-2006: Fatalities and Injured
Page 389 and 390: SAFETY d,9Number of fatalities, rai
Page 391 and 392: SAFETYFatalities in waterborne tran
Page 393 and 394: Natural Gas Pipeline ProfileFINANCI
Page 395: appendix eSource andAccuracy Statem
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agencies receiving funds through th
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solicitations of all federally regu
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Passenger Car, Truck, Bus, and Recr
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Highway, Total (registered vehicles
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after 1996. Some jurisdictions fail
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adherence to federal guidelines reg
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year. Also, expansion factors are u
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PassengerAir CarrierThe U.S. Depart
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The data are from Waterborne Commer
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The Transborder Surface Freight Dat
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A second data source for air-carrie
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Appendix EData Source and Accuracy
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when data are entered, they are che
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vehicles, and 15 were deleted becau
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TABLE 2-4. Distribution of Transpor
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BEA personal consumption expenditur
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Transportation-related government p
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information on their data collectio
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AccuracyAs in all surveys, the accu
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The American Public Transit Associa
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Government EmploymentThe Office of
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specifications or equations, should
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As mentioned above, the Highway Rev
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Highway ExpendituresFederal Highway
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consistency between the different m
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when data are entered, they are che
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vehicles, and 15 were deleted becau
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TABLE 2-4. Distribution of Transpor
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agencies receiving funds through th
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solicitations of all federally regu
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Passenger Car, Truck, Bus, and Recr
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Highway, Total (registered vehicles
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after 1996. Some jurisdictions fail
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adherence to federal guidelines reg
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year. Also, expansion factors are u
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PassengerAir CarrierThe U.S. Depart
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The data are from Waterborne Commer
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The Transborder Surface Freight Dat
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A second data source for air-carrie
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If transportation had been reviewed
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Alternative FuelsIn addition to oxy
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RailThe data are from Railroad Fact
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multiplied by the average peak peri
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In general, lead emissions are esti
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The number of the people exposed to
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If transportation had been reviewed
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Alternative FuelsIn addition to oxy
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RailThe data are from Railroad Fact
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multiplied by the average peak peri
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In general, lead emissions are esti
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The number of the people exposed to
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