Acknowledgments US Department of Transportation - BTS

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Appendix B: GlossaryDERAILMENT/LEFT ROADWAY (Transit): Anoncollision incident in which a transit vehicleleaves the rails or road on which it travels. Thisalso includes rollovers. Reports are made for alloccurrences.DESTINATION OF TRIP (American Travel Survey):The place the survey respondent names asthe destination of the trip. If more than one locationis visited on the same trip, the farthest pointfrom the origin is considered the destination.DIESEL FUEL: A complex mixture of hydrocarbonswith a boiling range between approximately350 and 650 °F. Diesel fuel is composed primarilyof paraffins and naphthenic compounds thatauto-ignite from the heat of compression in a dieselengine. Diesel is used primarily by heavy-dutyroad vehicles, construction equipment, locomotives,and by marine and stationary engines.DISTILLATE FUEL OIL: A general classificationfor one of the petroleum fractions produced inconventional distillation operations. Included areNo. 1, No. 2 and No. 4 fuel oils and No. 1, No. 2,and No. 4 diesel fuels. Distillate fuel oil is usedprimarily for space heating, on- and off-highwaydiesel engine fuel (including railroad engine fueland fuel for agricultural machinery), and electricpower generation.DISTRIBUTION MAINS (Gas): A network ofpipelines, services, and equipment that carry orcontrol the supply of gas from the point of localsupply to, and including, the sales meters.DOMESTIC FREIGHT (Water): All waterbornecommercial movements between points in theUnited States, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands,excluding traffic with the Panama Canal Zone.Cargo moved for the military in commercial vesselsis reported as ordinary commercial cargo;military cargo moved in military vessels isomitted.DOMESTIC OPERATIONS (Air Carrier): All aircarrier operations having destinations within the50 United States, the District of Columbia, theCommonwealth of Puerto Rico, and the U.S. VirginIslands.DOMESTIC PASSENGER (Water): Any persontraveling on a public conveyance by waterbetween points in the United States, Puerto Rico,and the Virgin Islands.DRY CARGO BARGES (Water): Large flat-bottomed,nonself-propelled vessels used to transportdry-bulk materials such as coal and ore.EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS TRUSTFUND: See Trust Funds.ENERGY EFFICIENCY: The ratio of energyinputs to the outputs from a process; for example,miles traveled per gallon of fuel (mpg).ENPLANED PASSENGERS (Air Carrier): SeeRevenue Passenger Enplanements.ETHANOL: A clear, colorless, flammable oxygenatedhydrocarbon with a boiling point of78.5 °C. in the anhydrous state. It is used in theUnited States as a gasoline octane enhancer andoxygenate (10-percent concentration). Ethanolcan be used in high concentrations in vehiclesoptimized for its use. Otherwise known as ethylalcohol, alcohol, or grain-spirit.FATAL CRASH (Highway): A police-reportedcrash involving a motor vehicle in transport on atrafficway in which at least one person dies within30 days of the crash as a result of that crash.FATAL INJURY (Air): Any injury that results indeath within thirty days of the accident.FATALITY: For purposes of statistical reportingon transportation safety, a fatality shall be considereda death due to injuries in a transportationcrash, accident, or incident that occurs within 30days of that occurrence.FATALITY (Rail): 1) Death of any person froman injury within 30 days of the accident/incident(may include nontrain accidents/incidents); or 2)Death of a railroad employee from an occupationalillness within 365 days after the occupationalillness was diagnosed by a physician.FATALITY (Recreational Boating): All deaths(other than deaths by natural causes) and missingpersons resulting from an occurrence that involvesa vessel or its equipment.FATALITY (Transit): A transit-caused death confirmedwithin 30 days of a transit incident. Incidentsinclude collisions, derailments, personalcasualties, and fires associated with transit agencyrevenue vehicles, transit facilities on transit property,service vehicles, maintenance areas, andrights of way.FATALITY (Water): All deaths and missing personsresulting from a vessel casualty.
Appendix B: GlossaryFEDERAL ENERGY REGULATORY COMMIS-SION (FERC): The Federal agency with jurisdictionover, among other things, gas pricing, oilpipeline rates, and gas pipeline certification.FERRY BOAT (Transit): Vessels that carry passengersand/or vehicles over a body of water. Generallysteam or diesel-powered, ferry boats mayalso be hovercraft, hydrofoil, and other highspeedvessels. The vessel is limited in its use to thecarriage of deck passengers or vehicles or both,operates on a short run on a frequent schedulebetween two points over the most direct waterroutes other than in ocean or coastwise service,and is offered as a public service of a type normallyattributed to a bridge or tunnel.FIELD AND GATHERING GAS PIPELINES: Anetwork of pipelines (mains) transporting naturalgas from individual wells to a compressor station,processing point, or main trunk pipeline.FLAG STOP (Air): A drop-off or pick-up pointalong a predetermined route that is visited only byrequest or if a signal to stop is given.FOSSIL FUELS: Any naturally occurring organicfuel formed in the Earth's crust, such as petroleum,coal, and natural gas.FREIGHT REVENUE (Rail): Revenue from thetransportation of freight and from the exercise oftransit, stopoff, diversion, and reconsignmentprivileges as provided for in tariffs.FREIGHTERS (Water): General cargo carriers,full containerships, partial containerships, roll-on/rolloff ships, and barge carriers.FULL-SIZE CAR: As designated by the automobileindustry, cars with a wheelbase between 110and 114 inches.GAS TRANSMISSION PIPELINES: Pipelinesinstalled for the purpose of transmitting gas froma source or sources of supply to one or more distributioncenters, or to one or more large volumecustomers; or a pipeline installed to interconnectsources of supply. Typically, transmission lines differfrom gas mains in that they operate at higherpressures and the distance between connections isgreater.GASOHOL: A blend of finished motor gasoline(leaded or unleaded) and alcohol (generally ethanolbut sometimes methanol) limited to 10 percentby volume of alcohol.GASOLINE: A complex mixture of relatively volatilehydrocarbons, with or without small quantitiesof additives that have been blended toproduce a fuel suitable for use in spark ignitionengines. Motor gasoline includes both leaded orunleaded grades of finished motor gasoline,blending components, and gasohol. Leaded gasolineis no longer used in highway motor vehiclesin the United States.GENERAL AVIATION: 1) All facets of civil aviation,except facets of those air carriers holding aCertificate of Public Convenience and Necessity.2) All civil aviation activity except that of air carrierscertificated in accordance with Federal AviationRegulations (FAR) Parts 121, 123, 127, and135. The types of aircraft used in general aviationrange from corporate multiengine jet aircraftpiloted by professional crews to amateur-built single-enginepiston-driven acrobatic planes to balloonsand dirigibles. 3) All civil aviationoperations other than scheduled air services andnonscheduled air transport operations for taxis,commuter air carriers, and air travel clubs that donot hold Certificates of Public Convenience andNecessity.GENERAL ESTIMATES SYSTEM: A data collectionsystem that uses a nationally representativeprobability sample selected from all policereportedhighway crashes. It began operation in1988.GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT: The total outputof goods and services produced by labor andproperty located in the United States, valued atmarket prices. As long as the labor and propertyare located in the United States, the suppliers(workers and owners) may be either U.S. residentsor residents of foreign countries.GROSS VEHICLE WEIGHT RATING (gvwr)(Truck): The maximum rated capacity of a vehicle,including the weight of the base vehicle, alladded equipment, driver and passengers, and allcargo.HARBOR MAINTENANCE TRUST FUND: SeeTrust Funds.
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NationalTransportationStatistics
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AcknowledgmentsU.S. Department of T
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Table of ContentsINTRODUCTIONTable
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1-56 U.S. Waterborne Freight (Updat
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SECTION E. RAILROAD2-39 Railroad an
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3-35 Transportation Expenditures by
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4-51 Air Pollution Trends in Select
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IntroductionCompiled and published
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SOURCESU.S. resident population, ag
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Table 1-1: System Mileage Within th
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Table 1-3: Number of U.S. Airports
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Table 1-5: U.S. Public Road and Str
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Table 1-7: Number of Stations Serve
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Table 1-9: ADA-Accessible Rail Tran
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Section BVehicle, Aircraft, andVess
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Table 1-12: U.S. Sales or Deliverie
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Table 1-14: U.S. Automobile and Tru
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Table 1-16: Retail a New Passenger
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Table 1-18: Retail Sales of New Car
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Table 1-20: Period Sales, Market Sh
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Table 1-22: Number of Trucks by Wei
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Taiwan U U U 116 132 124 101 113 11
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Section CCondition
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Table 1-26: Average Age of Automobi
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Table 1-28: Condition of U.S. Highw
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Table 1-30: Condition of Urban Bus
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Table 1-32: Class I Railroad Locomo
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Table 1-34: U.S. Flag Vessels by Ty
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Table 1-36: Roadway Vehicle-Miles T
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Table 1-38: Average Length of Haul,
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Table 1-40: U.S. Passenger-Miles (M
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Table 1-42: Long-Distance Travel in
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Table 1-43: Long-Distance Travel in
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Table 1-45: Air Passenger Travel Ar
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Section DTravel and GoodsMovement
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Table 1-48: U.S.-Mexican Border Lan
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Table 1-50: U.S. Ton-Miles of Freig
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Table 1-52: U.S.-Canadian Border La
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Table 1-54: U.S.-Mexican Border Lan
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Table 1-56: U.S. Waterborne Freight
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Table 1-58: Freight Activity in the
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Table 1-60: Value of U.S. Land Expo
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Table 1-61M: Crude Oil and Petroleu
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Table 1-63: U.S. Hazardous Material
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Table 1-64: Passengers Boarded and
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Table 1-66: Flight Operations Arriv
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Table 1-68: Major U.S. Air Carrier
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Table 1-69: Annual Person-Hours of
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Table 1-70: Travel Time IndexShort-
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Table 1-71: Annual Roadway Congesti
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Table 1-73: Amtrak On-Time Performa
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Table 2-1: Transportation Fatalitie
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Table 2-3: Transportation Accidents
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Table 2-5: Highway-Rail Grade-Cross
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Table 2-7: Transportation-Related O
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Section BAir
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Table 2-10: U.S. Commuter Air Carri
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Table 2-12: U.S. Commuter Air Carri
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Table 2-14: U.S. General Aviation a
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Table 2-16b: Prohibited Items Inter
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Section CHighway
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Table 2-18: Motor Vehicle Fatalitie
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Table 2-20: Occupant and Nonmotoris
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Table 2-22: Motorcycle Rider Safety
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Table 2-24: Bus Occupant Safety Dat
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Table 2-26: Fatalities by Highest B
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Table 2-28: Motor Vehicle Fatal Cra
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Table 2-30: Safety Belt and Motorcy
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Section DTransit
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Table 2-33: Transit Safety Data by
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d The number of Unlinked passenger
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Table 2-36: Transit and Grade-Cross
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Table 2-38: Reports of Violent Crim
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KEY: N = data do not exist.a The ki
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Table 2-39: Railroad and Grade-Cros
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Table 2-41: Train Fatalities, Injur
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Table 2-43: Railroad System Safety
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Section FWater
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Table 2-46: Waterborne Transportati
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Table 2-48: Personal Watercraft Saf
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Section GPipeline
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Chapter 3Transportation andthe Econ
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Table 3-2: U.S. Gross Domestic Prod
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Table 3-4: U.S. Gross Domestic Prod
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Table 3-6: U.S. Gross Domestic Dema
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Table 3-8: Contributions to Gross D
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Table 3-10: National Transportation
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Table 3-11: Sales Price of Transpor
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Table 3-13: Producer Price Indices
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Table 3-15: Personal Expenditures b
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Table 3-17: Average Cost of Owning
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Table 3-19: Average Passenger Fares
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Table 3-20: Average Passenger Reven
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Table 3-22: Total Operating Revenue
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Table 3-24: Employment in Transport
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Table 3-26: Median Weekly Earnings
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Table 3-28: Labor Productivity Indi
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Table 3-29: Federal, State, and Loc
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Table 3-31: Summary of Transportati
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Table 3-33: Transportation Revenues
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Table 3-35: Transportation Expendit
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Table 3-37: Federal Transportation
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Chapter 4Transportation, Energy,and
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Table 4-2: U.S. Consumption of Ener
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Section BTransportation EnergyConsu
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Table 4-5: Fuel Consumption by Mode
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Table 4-7: Domestic Demand for Gaso
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Table 4-9: Motor Vehicle Fuel Consu
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Table 4-11: Light Duty Vehicle, Sho
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Table 4-13: Single-Unit 2-Axle 6-Ti
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Table 4-15: Bus Fuel Consumption an
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Table 4-17: Class I Rail Freight Fu
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Table 4-19: U.S. Government Energy
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Table 4-20: Energy Intensity of Pas
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Table 4-22: Energy Intensity of Lig
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Table 4-24: Energy Intensity of Tra
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Table 4-26: Energy Intensity of Amt
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Table 4-28: Annual Wasted Fuel Due
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Table 4-29: Annual Wasted Fuel Per
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Section DAir Pollution
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Table 4-31: Federal Exhaust Emissio
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1968-Table 4-33: Federal Exhaust Em
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KEY: CO = carbon monoxide; HC = hyd
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KEY: CO = carbon monoxide; g = gram
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KEY: bhp = brake horsepower; bhph =
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Table 4-42: Tier 2 Federal Exhaust
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Table 4-44: Estimated National Aver
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Table 4-46: Estimated National Emis
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Page 305 and 306: Monmouth-Ocean, NJ 5 21 4 41 34 31
Page 307 and 308: Table 4-52: Areas in Nonattainment
Page 310: Section EWater Pollution, Noise,and
Page 313 and 314: Table 4-55: Leaking Underground Sto
Page 315 and 316: Table 4-57: Number of People Residi
Page 318: appendix aMetric ConversionTables
Page 321 and 322: Table 1-4M: Kilometers of Public Ro
Page 323 and 324: Table 1-35M: U.S. Vehicle-Kilometer
Page 325 and 326: Table 1-38M: Average Length of Haul
Page 327 and 328: a Includes freight, express, and ma
Page 329 and 330: Table 1-56M: U.S. Waterborne Freigh
Page 331 and 332: Table 4-3M: Domestic Demand for Ref
Page 333 and 334: Table 4-6M: Energy Consumption by M
Page 335 and 336: Table 4-8M: Certificated Air Carrie
Page 337 and 338: Table 4-11M: Light Duty Vehicle, Sh
Page 339 and 340: Table 4-13M: Single-Unit 2-Axle 6-T
Page 341 and 342: Table 4-15M: Bus Fuel Consumption a
Page 343 and 344: Table 4-17M: Class I Rail Freight F
Page 345 and 346: Table 4-19M: U.S. Government Energy
Page 347 and 348: Table 4-21M: Energy Intensity of Ce
Page 349 and 350: Table 4-23M: Average Fuel Efficienc
Page 351 and 352: Table 4-25M: Energy Intensity of Cl
Page 353 and 354: Appendix B: GlossaryAIR CARRIER: A
Page 355: Appendix B: GlossaryCOLLISION WITH
Page 359 and 360: Appendix B: GlossaryINJURY (Rail):
Page 361 and 362: Appendix B: GlossaryMOTOR BUS (Tran
Page 363 and 364: Appendix B: GlossaryPERSONAL BUSINE
Page 365 and 366: Appendix B: GlossarySUBCOMPACT CAR:
Page 367 and 368: appendix cAcronyms and InitialismsA
Page 370: appendix dModal Profiles
Page 373 and 374: Air Carrier Profile continuedPerfor
Page 375 and 376: Air Carrier Profile continuedPerfor
Page 377 and 378: Highway ProfileFINANCIAL 1960 1970
Page 379 and 380: General Aviation ProfileINVENTORY 1
Page 381 and 382: Motorcycle f f f f 50 50 50 50 50 5
Page 383 and 384: KEY: R = revised; U = data are unav
Page 385 and 386: Transit ProfileFINANCIAL 1960 1970
Page 387 and 388: 161960-2006: Fatalities and Injured
Page 389 and 390: SAFETY d,9Number of fatalities, rai
Page 391 and 392: SAFETYFatalities in waterborne tran
Page 393 and 394: Natural Gas Pipeline ProfileFINANCI
Page 395: appendix eSource andAccuracy Statem
Page 398 and 399: agencies receiving funds through th
Page 400 and 401: solicitations of all federally regu
Page 402 and 403: Passenger Car, Truck, Bus, and Recr
Page 404 and 405: Highway, Total (registered vehicles
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after 1996. Some jurisdictions fail
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adherence to federal guidelines reg
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year. Also, expansion factors are u
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PassengerAir CarrierThe U.S. Depart
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The data are from Waterborne Commer
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The Transborder Surface Freight Dat
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A second data source for air-carrie
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Appendix EData Source and Accuracy
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when data are entered, they are che
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vehicles, and 15 were deleted becau
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TABLE 2-4. Distribution of Transpor
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BEA personal consumption expenditur
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Transportation-related government p
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information on their data collectio
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AccuracyAs in all surveys, the accu
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The American Public Transit Associa
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Government EmploymentThe Office of
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specifications or equations, should
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As mentioned above, the Highway Rev
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Highway ExpendituresFederal Highway
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consistency between the different m
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when data are entered, they are che
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vehicles, and 15 were deleted becau
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TABLE 2-4. Distribution of Transpor
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agencies receiving funds through th
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solicitations of all federally regu
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Passenger Car, Truck, Bus, and Recr
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Highway, Total (registered vehicles
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after 1996. Some jurisdictions fail
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adherence to federal guidelines reg
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year. Also, expansion factors are u
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PassengerAir CarrierThe U.S. Depart
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The data are from Waterborne Commer
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The Transborder Surface Freight Dat
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A second data source for air-carrie
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If transportation had been reviewed
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Alternative FuelsIn addition to oxy
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RailThe data are from Railroad Fact
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multiplied by the average peak peri
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In general, lead emissions are esti
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The number of the people exposed to
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If transportation had been reviewed
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Alternative FuelsIn addition to oxy
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RailThe data are from Railroad Fact
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multiplied by the average peak peri
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In general, lead emissions are esti
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The number of the people exposed to
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