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Table 1-38: Average Length of Haul, Domestic Freight and Passenger Modes (Miles)1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010FreightAir carrier U U U U U U U 1,307 1,496 1,478 1,580 1,555 1,441 1,115 1,105 1,055 1,077 720 1,204 (R) 1,197 (R) 1,241 (R) 1,218 (R) 1,218 (R) 1,220 (R) 1,246 (R) 1,162 1,157Class I rail 461 503 515 541 616 665 726 751 763 794 817 843 842 851 835 835 843 858 853 862 902 893 906 913 919 918 914Coastwise (water) 1,496 1,501 1,509 1,362 1,915 1,972 1,605 1,705 1,762 1,650 1,652 1,652 1,526 1,330 1,261 1,279 1,251 1,228 1,219 1,248 1,269 1,233 1,126 1,108 1,116 1,170 1,169Lakewise (water) 522 494 506 530 536 524 553 535 519 514 508 514 508 507 505 501 506 509 529 529 538 540 548 543 556 530 563Internal (water) 282 297 330 358 405 435 470 483 479 467 482 494 477 466 472 488 481 476 483 457 454 440 446 437 443 469 465Intraport (water) U U U 16 17 15 13 13 12 12 16 16 17 15 15 15 16 15 15 15 16 17 17 17 16 24 16Crude (oil pipeline) 325 320 300 U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U UPetroleum products (oil pipeline) 269 335 357 U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U UPassengerAir carrier, domestic, scheduled 583 614 678 698 736 758 803 806 806 799 787 791 802 817 812 824 834 845 (R) 852 (R) 845 862 (R) 866 (R) 873 (R) 872 (R) 872 872 878Commuter rail U U U U 23 24 22 23 23 22 24 24 24 23 23 22 23 23 23 23 23 22 23 24 23 24 23Amtrak a N N N 236 216 231 273 285 286 280 279 268 256 256 251 248 244 237 234 231 219 215 220 218 215 217 220KEY: N = data do not exist; R = revised; U = data are unavailable.a Amtrak began operations in 1971. Data are reported for fiscal years.NOTESAverage length of haul for freight is calculated by dividing ton-miles by estimates of tonnage from the various data sources. The calculation of average length of haul for passenger trips varies by mode: for air carrier it is calculated by dividing revenue passenger-miles by revenue passengerenplanements; for commuter rail and Amtrak it is calculated by dividing passenger-miles by number of passengers.Eno Transportation Foundation has discontinued some data series years prior to 1990.SOURCESFreight:Air carrier:1991-2001: U.S. Department of Transportation, Research and Innovative Technology Administration, Bureau of Transportation Statistics, Office of Airline Information, Air Freight Summary Data (U.S. Carriers) , special tabulation, available at http://www.transtats.bts.gov/rtm91_02.htm as of Aug. 18,2011.2002: Ibid., TranStats Database, T-100 Market Data , special tabulation, Mar. 18, 2010.2003-10: Ibid., Air Cargo Summary Data (All U.S. Carriers) , special tabulation, available at http://www.transtats.bts.gov/freight.asp as of July 17, 2012.Class I rail:Association of American Railroads, Railroad Facts (Washington, DC: Annual Issues), pp. 27, 28, 36, and similar pages in previous editions.Water:U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Waterborne Commerce of the United States, Part 5 (New Orleans, LA: Annual Issues), section 1, table 1-4, available at http://www.iwr.usace.army.mil/ndc/wcsc/wcsc.htm as of July 17, 2012.Oil pipeline:1960-70: Transportation Policy Associates, Washington, DC, personal communication.Passenger:Air carrier:1960-99: U.S. Department of Transportation, Bureau of Transportation Statistics, Office of Airline Information, Air Carrier Traffic Statistics, T-100 Segment Data (Washington, DC: Annual Issues), p. 3 and similar pages in previous issues.2000-10: Ibid., TranStats Database, T-100 Market Data and T-100 Segment Data , special tabulation, July 17, 2012.Commuter Rail:1980-95: American Public Transportation Association, Public Transportation Fact Book, Appendix A: Historical Tables (Washington, DC: April 2011), table 3, available at http://www.apta.com/resources/statistics/Pages/transitstats.aspx as of Aug. 18, 2011.1996-2010: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Transit Administration, National Transit Database (Washington, DC: Annual Issues), table 19 and similar tables in earlier editions, available at http://www.ntdprogram.gov/ntdprogram/data.htm as of July 17, 2012.Amtrak:1970-85: Amtrak, personal communication, Jan. 26, 1999.1990-2002: Amtrak, Amtrak Annual Report (Washington, DC: 2003), Statistical Appendix.2003-10: Association of American Railroads, Railroad Facts (Washington, DC: Annual Issues), p. 77 and similar pages in previous editions.
Table 1-39: Worldwide Commercial Space Launches1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011TOTAL space launches 15 12 14 11 15 23 24 38 41 39 35 16 24 17 15 18 21 23 28 24 23 18 494United States, total 9 6 6 5 5 12 11 17 22 15 7 3 5 5 6 1 2 3 6 4 4 0 154Athena 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6Atlas 1 2 3 3 4 8 7 6 5 4 3 1 3 4 5 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 63Conestoga 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1Delta 5 4 3 1 1 1 3 7 11 5 2 1 2 0 0 0 1 3 2 2 2 0 56Falcon 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 2 0 5Pegasus 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 3 4 2 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 16Taurus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4Titan 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3Europe, total 5 6 6 6 8 8 9 11 9 8 12 8 10 4 1 5 5 6 5 5 6 4 147Ariane 4 5 6 6 6 8 8 9 11 9 8 8 6 7 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 98Ariane 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 2 3 3 1 5 5 6 5 5 6 4 49Russia, total 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 7 5 13 13 3 8 5 5 8 9 12 11 10 13 10 134Cosmos 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 3 0 0 0 8Dnepr 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 3 2 1 3 1 15Kosmos 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 3Proton 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 6 4 5 6 2 5 1 4 4 4 4 6 7 8 7 75Rockot 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 1 1 0 0 2 1 0 8Shtil 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1Soyuz 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 3 0 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 12Soyuz 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 0 0 1 2 7Start 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 4Volna 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1Ukraine, total 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1Zenit 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1China, total 1 0 2 0 2 3 2 3 4 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 21Long March 2C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 4 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6Long March 2E 0 0 2 0 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6Long March 3 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3Long March 3B 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 6India, total 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1PSLV 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1Sea Launch a , total 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 3 2 1 3 3 4 5 1 6 4 0 2 36Zenit 3SL 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 3 2 1 3 3 4 5 1 6 4 0 2 36aSea Launch is an international venture involving organizations in four countries and uses its own launch facility outside nationalborders. Their first commercial launch, in 1999, was licensed by the Federal Aviation Administration. Sea Launch filed for Chapter11 bankruptcy protection in June 2009 and thus had no launches in the second half of the year.TOTAL1990-2011NOTESA commercial launch is a launch that is internationally competed (i.e., available in principle to international launch providers) orwhose primary payload is commercial in nature. FAA-licensed launches carrying captive government (NASA and DOD) or industrypayloads (ORBCOMM, Delta 3 demosat, Zenit 3SL demosat, and others) are counted here. Data are for orbital launches only.SOURCES1990–99: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration, Associate Administrator for Commercial SpaceTransportation, personal communication, June 4, 2002.2000-11: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration, Commercial Space Transportation: Year in Review(Washington, DC: Annual Issues), table 2, available at http://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/ast/ as of Mar. 5,2012.
Page 1:
NationalTransportationStatistics
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AcknowledgmentsU.S. Department of T
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Table of ContentsINTRODUCTIONTable
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1-56 U.S. Waterborne Freight (Updat
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SECTION E. RAILROAD2-39 Railroad an
Page 13 and 14:
3-35 Transportation Expenditures by
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4-51 Air Pollution Trends in Select
Page 18: IntroductionCompiled and published
Page 21: SOURCESU.S. resident population, ag
Page 25 and 26: Table 1-1: System Mileage Within th
Page 27 and 28: Table 1-3: Number of U.S. Airports
Page 29 and 30: Table 1-5: U.S. Public Road and Str
Page 31 and 32: Table 1-7: Number of Stations Serve
Page 33 and 34: Table 1-9: ADA-Accessible Rail Tran
Page 36: Section BVehicle, Aircraft, andVess
Page 39 and 40: Table 1-12: U.S. Sales or Deliverie
Page 41 and 42: Table 1-14: U.S. Automobile and Tru
Page 43 and 44: Table 1-16: Retail a New Passenger
Page 45 and 46: Table 1-18: Retail Sales of New Car
Page 47 and 48: Table 1-20: Period Sales, Market Sh
Page 49 and 50: Table 1-22: Number of Trucks by Wei
Page 51 and 52: Taiwan U U U 116 132 124 101 113 11
Page 53: Section CCondition
Page 56 and 57: Table 1-26: Average Age of Automobi
Page 58 and 59: Table 1-28: Condition of U.S. Highw
Page 60 and 61: Table 1-30: Condition of Urban Bus
Page 62 and 63: Table 1-32: Class I Railroad Locomo
Page 64 and 65: Table 1-34: U.S. Flag Vessels by Ty
Page 66 and 67: Table 1-36: Roadway Vehicle-Miles T
Page 70 and 71: Table 1-40: U.S. Passenger-Miles (M
Page 72 and 73: Table 1-42: Long-Distance Travel in
Page 74 and 75: Table 1-43: Long-Distance Travel in
Page 76 and 77: Table 1-45: Air Passenger Travel Ar
Page 79: Section DTravel and GoodsMovement
Page 82 and 83: Table 1-48: U.S.-Mexican Border Lan
Page 84 and 85: Table 1-50: U.S. Ton-Miles of Freig
Page 86 and 87: Table 1-52: U.S.-Canadian Border La
Page 88 and 89: Table 1-54: U.S.-Mexican Border Lan
Page 90 and 91: Table 1-56: U.S. Waterborne Freight
Page 92 and 93: Table 1-58: Freight Activity in the
Page 94 and 95: Table 1-60: Value of U.S. Land Expo
Page 96 and 97: Table 1-61M: Crude Oil and Petroleu
Page 98: Table 1-63: U.S. Hazardous Material
Page 102 and 103: Table 1-64: Passengers Boarded and
Page 104 and 105: Table 1-66: Flight Operations Arriv
Page 106 and 107: Table 1-68: Major U.S. Air Carrier
Page 108 and 109: Table 1-69: Annual Person-Hours of
Page 110 and 111: Table 1-70: Travel Time IndexShort-
Page 112 and 113: Table 1-71: Annual Roadway Congesti
Page 114: Table 1-73: Amtrak On-Time Performa
Page 118 and 119:
Table 2-1: Transportation Fatalitie
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Table 2-3: Transportation Accidents
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Table 2-5: Highway-Rail Grade-Cross
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Table 2-7: Transportation-Related O
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Section BAir
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Table 2-10: U.S. Commuter Air Carri
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Table 2-12: U.S. Commuter Air Carri
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Table 2-14: U.S. General Aviation a
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Table 2-16b: Prohibited Items Inter
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Section CHighway
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Table 2-18: Motor Vehicle Fatalitie
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Table 2-20: Occupant and Nonmotoris
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Table 2-22: Motorcycle Rider Safety
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Table 2-24: Bus Occupant Safety Dat
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Table 2-26: Fatalities by Highest B
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Table 2-28: Motor Vehicle Fatal Cra
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Table 2-30: Safety Belt and Motorcy
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Section DTransit
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Table 2-33: Transit Safety Data by
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d The number of Unlinked passenger
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Table 2-36: Transit and Grade-Cross
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Table 2-38: Reports of Violent Crim
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KEY: N = data do not exist.a The ki
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Table 2-39: Railroad and Grade-Cros
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Table 2-41: Train Fatalities, Injur
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Table 2-43: Railroad System Safety
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Section FWater
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Table 2-46: Waterborne Transportati
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Table 2-48: Personal Watercraft Saf
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Section GPipeline
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Chapter 3Transportation andthe Econ
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Table 3-2: U.S. Gross Domestic Prod
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Table 3-4: U.S. Gross Domestic Prod
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Table 3-6: U.S. Gross Domestic Dema
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Table 3-8: Contributions to Gross D
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Table 3-10: National Transportation
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Table 3-11: Sales Price of Transpor
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Table 3-13: Producer Price Indices
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Table 3-15: Personal Expenditures b
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Table 3-17: Average Cost of Owning
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Table 3-19: Average Passenger Fares
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Table 3-20: Average Passenger Reven
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Table 3-22: Total Operating Revenue
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Table 3-24: Employment in Transport
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Table 3-26: Median Weekly Earnings
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Table 3-28: Labor Productivity Indi
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Table 3-29: Federal, State, and Loc
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Table 3-31: Summary of Transportati
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Table 3-33: Transportation Revenues
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Table 3-35: Transportation Expendit
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Table 3-37: Federal Transportation
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Chapter 4Transportation, Energy,and
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Table 4-2: U.S. Consumption of Ener
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Section BTransportation EnergyConsu
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Table 4-5: Fuel Consumption by Mode
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Table 4-7: Domestic Demand for Gaso
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Table 4-9: Motor Vehicle Fuel Consu
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Table 4-11: Light Duty Vehicle, Sho
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Table 4-13: Single-Unit 2-Axle 6-Ti
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Table 4-15: Bus Fuel Consumption an
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Table 4-17: Class I Rail Freight Fu
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Table 4-19: U.S. Government Energy
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Table 4-20: Energy Intensity of Pas
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Table 4-22: Energy Intensity of Lig
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Table 4-24: Energy Intensity of Tra
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Table 4-26: Energy Intensity of Amt
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Table 4-28: Annual Wasted Fuel Due
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Table 4-29: Annual Wasted Fuel Per
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Section DAir Pollution
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Table 4-31: Federal Exhaust Emissio
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1968-Table 4-33: Federal Exhaust Em
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KEY: CO = carbon monoxide; HC = hyd
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Page 291 and 292:
KEY: CO = carbon monoxide; g = gram
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KEY: bhp = brake horsepower; bhph =
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Table 4-42: Tier 2 Federal Exhaust
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Table 4-44: Estimated National Aver
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Table 4-46: Estimated National Emis
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Monmouth-Ocean, NJ 5 21 4 41 34 31
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Table 4-52: Areas in Nonattainment
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Section EWater Pollution, Noise,and
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Table 4-55: Leaking Underground Sto
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Table 4-57: Number of People Residi
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appendix aMetric ConversionTables
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Table 1-4M: Kilometers of Public Ro
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Table 1-35M: U.S. Vehicle-Kilometer
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Table 1-38M: Average Length of Haul
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a Includes freight, express, and ma
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Table 1-56M: U.S. Waterborne Freigh
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Table 4-3M: Domestic Demand for Ref
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Table 4-6M: Energy Consumption by M
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Table 4-8M: Certificated Air Carrie
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Table 4-11M: Light Duty Vehicle, Sh
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Table 4-13M: Single-Unit 2-Axle 6-T
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Table 4-15M: Bus Fuel Consumption a
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Table 4-17M: Class I Rail Freight F
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Table 4-19M: U.S. Government Energy
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Table 4-21M: Energy Intensity of Ce
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Table 4-23M: Average Fuel Efficienc
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Table 4-25M: Energy Intensity of Cl
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Appendix B: GlossaryAIR CARRIER: A
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Appendix B: GlossaryCOLLISION WITH
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Appendix B: GlossaryFEDERAL ENERGY
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Appendix B: GlossaryINJURY (Rail):
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Appendix B: GlossaryMOTOR BUS (Tran
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Appendix B: GlossaryPERSONAL BUSINE
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Appendix B: GlossarySUBCOMPACT CAR:
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appendix cAcronyms and InitialismsA
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appendix dModal Profiles
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Air Carrier Profile continuedPerfor
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Air Carrier Profile continuedPerfor
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Highway ProfileFINANCIAL 1960 1970
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General Aviation ProfileINVENTORY 1
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Motorcycle f f f f 50 50 50 50 50 5
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KEY: R = revised; U = data are unav
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Transit ProfileFINANCIAL 1960 1970
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161960-2006: Fatalities and Injured
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SAFETY d,9Number of fatalities, rai
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SAFETYFatalities in waterborne tran
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Natural Gas Pipeline ProfileFINANCI
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appendix eSource andAccuracy Statem
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agencies receiving funds through th
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solicitations of all federally regu
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Passenger Car, Truck, Bus, and Recr
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Highway, Total (registered vehicles
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after 1996. Some jurisdictions fail
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adherence to federal guidelines reg
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year. Also, expansion factors are u
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PassengerAir CarrierThe U.S. Depart
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The data are from Waterborne Commer
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The Transborder Surface Freight Dat
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A second data source for air-carrie
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Appendix EData Source and Accuracy
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when data are entered, they are che
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vehicles, and 15 were deleted becau
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TABLE 2-4. Distribution of Transpor
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BEA personal consumption expenditur
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Transportation-related government p
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information on their data collectio
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AccuracyAs in all surveys, the accu
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The American Public Transit Associa
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Government EmploymentThe Office of
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specifications or equations, should
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As mentioned above, the Highway Rev
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Highway ExpendituresFederal Highway
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consistency between the different m
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when data are entered, they are che
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vehicles, and 15 were deleted becau
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TABLE 2-4. Distribution of Transpor
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agencies receiving funds through th
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solicitations of all federally regu
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Passenger Car, Truck, Bus, and Recr
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Highway, Total (registered vehicles
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after 1996. Some jurisdictions fail
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adherence to federal guidelines reg
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year. Also, expansion factors are u
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PassengerAir CarrierThe U.S. Depart
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The data are from Waterborne Commer
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The Transborder Surface Freight Dat
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A second data source for air-carrie
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If transportation had been reviewed
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Alternative FuelsIn addition to oxy
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RailThe data are from Railroad Fact
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multiplied by the average peak peri
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In general, lead emissions are esti
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The number of the people exposed to
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If transportation had been reviewed
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Alternative FuelsIn addition to oxy
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RailThe data are from Railroad Fact
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multiplied by the average peak peri
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In general, lead emissions are esti
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The number of the people exposed to
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