Acknowledgments US Department of Transportation - BTS

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solicitations of all federally regulated landing facilities. Since this is a census of all U.S. airports, reliability should behigh. Data, however, may be subject to reporting errors typical of administrative recordkeeping.TABLE 1-4. Public Road and Street Mileage in the United States by Type of SurfaceTABLE 1-5. U.S. Public Road and Street Mileage by Functional SystemTABLE 1-6. Estimated U.S. Roadway Lane-Miles by Functional ClassThe Highway Performance Monitoring System (HPMS) is the source of road mileage data and is consideredreliable.(See box 1-1 for detailed information about the HPMS.) The U.S. Department of Transportation, FederalHighway Administration collects and reviews state-reported HPMS data for completeness, consistency, andadherence to specifications. Some inaccuracy may arise from variations across states in their adherence to federalguidelines in the Traffic Monitoring Guide and the Highway Performance Monitoring System Field Manual for theContinuing Analytical and Statistical Database.Beginning with the 1997 issue of Highway Statistics, FHWA instituted a new method for creating mileage-basedtables derived from the HPMS. Previously, adjustments to tables developed from sample data were made using areawidemileage information provided by states. These adjustments are now being made using universe totals from theHPMS dataset. In addition, FHWA has discontinued the process of spreading rounding and other differences acrosstable cells. Thus, users may note minor differences in table-to-table totals. FHWA considers mileage totals from tableHM-20, "Public Road Length, Miles by Functional System" to be the controlling totals should a single value berequired.Lane-miles are calculated by multiplying the centerline length by the number of through lanes. Because the HPMSrequires that the number of lanes be reported for all principal arterials, other National Highway System (NHS) roads,and all standard samples, lane length can be computed for the Interstate, other principal arterials, and the NHS on a100-percent basis. For minor arterials, rural major collectors, and urban collectors, lane length is calculated based onstandard sample sections using the reported number of through lanes, length of section, and an expansion factor.FHWA uses the expanded sample to check that the centerline length of a state's functional system matches theuniverse functional system length. If the centerline length and functional system length do not match, FHWA may aska state to make adjustments.Reliability may be diminished for comparisons with pre-1980 data, which were collected via different methods andspecial national studies. For instance, pre-1980 mileage data included some nonpublic roadways (95,000 miles in1979) while post-1980 data reports only public road mileage (roads or streets governed and maintained by a publicauthority and open to public travel).TABLE 1-7. Number of Stations Served by Amtrak and Rail Transit, Fiscal YearThese numbers originate from Amtrak's Statistical Appendix to Amtrak's Annual Report and the U.S. Department ofTransportation, Federal Transit Administration's National Transit Database.Amtrak maintains a computer database with a record of every station, locomotive, and car it operates. Those recordsinclude for each vehicle the year built, its service status (operating or not on a daily basis), and location. These datashould be considered very reliable.TABLE 1-8. ADA Accessible Rail Transit Stations by AgencyTABLE 1-9. ADA Lift- or Ramp-Equipped Transit BusesThese data are based on information in the U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Transit Administration (FTA),National Transit Database (NTD). The legislative requirement for the NTD is found in Title 49 U.S.C. 5335(a). Transitagencies receiving funds through the Urbanized Area Formula Program are generally required to report financial andoperating data, including certain aspects of station and vehicle accessibility. Transit operators that do not report toFTA are those that do not receive Urbanized Area Formula Funding, typically private, small, and rural operators. Thedata are generally considered accurate because FTA reviews and validates information submitted by individual transit
agencies. Reliability may vary because some transit agencies cannot obtain accurate information or may misinterpretcertain data definitions.TABLE 1-10. U.S. Oil and Gas Pipeline MileageOil PipelineThe data are from Transportation in America, published by the Eno Transportation Foundation, Inc. (Eno). Thenumbers reprinted here for 1960, 1965, 1970, and 1975 are Eno estimates from the U.S. Department of Energy'sEnergy Data Report issues labeled "Crude-oil and Refined Products Mileage in the United States." Eno estimated the1980 number based on the assumption that refinement of old, less profitable, and smaller lines exceeded in mileagethe construction of new, larger, and more-profitable lines. Figures from 1985 and later years are calculated from abase figure that Eno obtained from the 1982 U.S. Department of Transportation study Liquid Pipeline Director andthen incorporated that figure with data from the Association of Oil Pipe Lines and the Oil Pipeline Research Institute.Lack of additional information raises definitional and methodological uncertainties for the data's reliability. Moreover,the three different information sources introduce data discontinuities making time comparisons less reliable.Gas PipelineThese statistics originate from annual editions of Gas Facts published by the American Gas Association (AGA). Thedata reported by AGA are based on gas utilities participation and reporting to the Uniform Statistical Report. Utilitiesreporting in 1991 represented 98 percent of total gas utility industry sales while the remaining 2 percent wasestimated for the nonreporting companies based on recent historical experience. Varying percentages ofnonreporters from year to year introduce minor reliability problems for time-series comparisons.TABLE 1-11. Number of U.S. Aircraft, Vehicles, Vessels, and Other ConveyancesTABLE 1-12. Sales or Deliveries of New Aircraft, Vehicles, Vessels, and Other ConveyancesCivilian AircraftThe Aerospace Industries Association (AIA) provided this data in their annual issues Aerospace Facts and Figures,"Civil Aircraft Shipments." AIA collects their data from aircraft company reports, the General Aviation ManufacturersAssociation (GAMA), and the U.S. Department of Commerce's (DOC) International Trade Administration. DOC dataprovide total number of shipments and exports, and the difference computed by AIA equals domestic shipments.DOC collects shipments data separately for individual factories or establishments and not at the company level. Apotential limitation of this approach is when a factory producing aircraft for shipment also makes aircraft parts. If theestablishment has 80 percent of its production in aircraft and 20 percent in parts, all of the output is attributed toaircraft shipments.TransportThe Aerospace Industries Association (AIA) is the source of these data. AIA obtains quarterly data from BoeingCorp., now the sole U.S. manufacturer of transport aircraft, and publicly available financial disclosure information filedwith the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) via Form 10-k. SEC requires a publicly traded company tofile an annual report 90 days after the end of the company's fiscal year to provide an overview of that business.HelicoptersAIA surveyed and received data from all 10 major helicopter manufacturers on their sales and deliveries.General AviationThe general aviation figures are taken from the General Aviation Statistical Databook published by the GAMA.General aviation refers usually to the small aircraft industry in the United States. GAMA collects quarterly data fromthe 10 to 14 manufacturers who nearly equal a census of the general aviation sector.
Page 1:
NationalTransportationStatistics
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AcknowledgmentsU.S. Department of T
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Table of ContentsINTRODUCTIONTable
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1-56 U.S. Waterborne Freight (Updat
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SECTION E. RAILROAD2-39 Railroad an
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3-35 Transportation Expenditures by
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4-51 Air Pollution Trends in Select
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IntroductionCompiled and published
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SOURCESU.S. resident population, ag
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Table 1-1: System Mileage Within th
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Table 1-3: Number of U.S. Airports
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Table 1-5: U.S. Public Road and Str
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Table 1-7: Number of Stations Serve
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Table 1-9: ADA-Accessible Rail Tran
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Section BVehicle, Aircraft, andVess
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Table 1-12: U.S. Sales or Deliverie
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Table 1-14: U.S. Automobile and Tru
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Table 1-16: Retail a New Passenger
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Table 1-18: Retail Sales of New Car
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Table 1-20: Period Sales, Market Sh
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Table 1-22: Number of Trucks by Wei
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Taiwan U U U 116 132 124 101 113 11
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Section CCondition
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Table 1-26: Average Age of Automobi
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Table 1-28: Condition of U.S. Highw
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Table 1-30: Condition of Urban Bus
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Table 1-32: Class I Railroad Locomo
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Table 1-34: U.S. Flag Vessels by Ty
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Table 1-36: Roadway Vehicle-Miles T
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Table 1-38: Average Length of Haul,
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Table 1-40: U.S. Passenger-Miles (M
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Table 1-42: Long-Distance Travel in
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Table 1-43: Long-Distance Travel in
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Table 1-45: Air Passenger Travel Ar
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Section DTravel and GoodsMovement
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Table 1-48: U.S.-Mexican Border Lan
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Table 1-50: U.S. Ton-Miles of Freig
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Table 1-52: U.S.-Canadian Border La
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Table 1-54: U.S.-Mexican Border Lan
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Table 1-56: U.S. Waterborne Freight
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Table 1-58: Freight Activity in the
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Table 1-60: Value of U.S. Land Expo
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Table 1-61M: Crude Oil and Petroleu
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Table 1-63: U.S. Hazardous Material
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Table 1-64: Passengers Boarded and
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Table 1-66: Flight Operations Arriv
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Table 1-68: Major U.S. Air Carrier
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Table 1-69: Annual Person-Hours of
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Table 1-70: Travel Time IndexShort-
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Table 1-71: Annual Roadway Congesti
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Table 1-73: Amtrak On-Time Performa
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Table 2-1: Transportation Fatalitie
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Table 2-3: Transportation Accidents
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Table 2-5: Highway-Rail Grade-Cross
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Table 2-7: Transportation-Related O
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Section BAir
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Table 2-10: U.S. Commuter Air Carri
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Table 2-12: U.S. Commuter Air Carri
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Table 2-14: U.S. General Aviation a
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Table 2-16b: Prohibited Items Inter
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Section CHighway
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Table 2-18: Motor Vehicle Fatalitie
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Table 2-20: Occupant and Nonmotoris
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Table 2-22: Motorcycle Rider Safety
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Table 2-24: Bus Occupant Safety Dat
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Table 2-26: Fatalities by Highest B
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Table 2-28: Motor Vehicle Fatal Cra
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Table 2-30: Safety Belt and Motorcy
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Section DTransit
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Table 2-33: Transit Safety Data by
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d The number of Unlinked passenger
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Table 2-36: Transit and Grade-Cross
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Table 2-38: Reports of Violent Crim
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KEY: N = data do not exist.a The ki
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Table 2-39: Railroad and Grade-Cros
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Table 2-41: Train Fatalities, Injur
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Table 2-43: Railroad System Safety
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Section FWater
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Table 2-46: Waterborne Transportati
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Table 2-48: Personal Watercraft Saf
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Section GPipeline
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Chapter 3Transportation andthe Econ
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Table 3-2: U.S. Gross Domestic Prod
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Table 3-4: U.S. Gross Domestic Prod
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Table 3-6: U.S. Gross Domestic Dema
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Table 3-8: Contributions to Gross D
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Table 3-10: National Transportation
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Table 3-11: Sales Price of Transpor
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Table 3-13: Producer Price Indices
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Table 3-15: Personal Expenditures b
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Table 3-17: Average Cost of Owning
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Table 3-19: Average Passenger Fares
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Table 3-20: Average Passenger Reven
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Table 3-22: Total Operating Revenue
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Table 3-24: Employment in Transport
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Table 3-26: Median Weekly Earnings
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Table 3-28: Labor Productivity Indi
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Table 3-29: Federal, State, and Loc
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Table 3-31: Summary of Transportati
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Table 3-33: Transportation Revenues
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Table 3-35: Transportation Expendit
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Table 3-37: Federal Transportation
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Chapter 4Transportation, Energy,and
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Table 4-2: U.S. Consumption of Ener
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Section BTransportation EnergyConsu
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Table 4-5: Fuel Consumption by Mode
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Table 4-7: Domestic Demand for Gaso
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Table 4-9: Motor Vehicle Fuel Consu
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Table 4-11: Light Duty Vehicle, Sho
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Table 4-13: Single-Unit 2-Axle 6-Ti
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Table 4-15: Bus Fuel Consumption an
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Table 4-17: Class I Rail Freight Fu
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Table 4-19: U.S. Government Energy
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Table 4-20: Energy Intensity of Pas
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Table 4-22: Energy Intensity of Lig
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Table 4-24: Energy Intensity of Tra
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Table 4-26: Energy Intensity of Amt
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Table 4-28: Annual Wasted Fuel Due
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Table 4-29: Annual Wasted Fuel Per
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Section DAir Pollution
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Table 4-31: Federal Exhaust Emissio
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1968-Table 4-33: Federal Exhaust Em
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KEY: CO = carbon monoxide; HC = hyd
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KEY: CO = carbon monoxide; g = gram
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KEY: bhp = brake horsepower; bhph =
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Table 4-42: Tier 2 Federal Exhaust
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Table 4-44: Estimated National Aver
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Table 4-46: Estimated National Emis
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Monmouth-Ocean, NJ 5 21 4 41 34 31
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Table 4-52: Areas in Nonattainment
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Section EWater Pollution, Noise,and
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Table 4-55: Leaking Underground Sto
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Table 4-57: Number of People Residi
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appendix aMetric ConversionTables
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Table 1-4M: Kilometers of Public Ro
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Table 1-35M: U.S. Vehicle-Kilometer
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Table 1-38M: Average Length of Haul
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a Includes freight, express, and ma
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Table 1-56M: U.S. Waterborne Freigh
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Table 4-3M: Domestic Demand for Ref
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Table 4-6M: Energy Consumption by M
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Table 4-8M: Certificated Air Carrie
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Table 4-11M: Light Duty Vehicle, Sh
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Table 4-13M: Single-Unit 2-Axle 6-T
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Table 4-15M: Bus Fuel Consumption a
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Table 4-17M: Class I Rail Freight F
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Table 4-19M: U.S. Government Energy
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Table 4-21M: Energy Intensity of Ce
Page 349 and 350: Table 4-23M: Average Fuel Efficienc
Page 351 and 352: Table 4-25M: Energy Intensity of Cl
Page 353 and 354: Appendix B: GlossaryAIR CARRIER: A
Page 355 and 356: Appendix B: GlossaryCOLLISION WITH
Page 357 and 358: Appendix B: GlossaryFEDERAL ENERGY
Page 359 and 360: Appendix B: GlossaryINJURY (Rail):
Page 361 and 362: Appendix B: GlossaryMOTOR BUS (Tran
Page 363 and 364: Appendix B: GlossaryPERSONAL BUSINE
Page 365 and 366: Appendix B: GlossarySUBCOMPACT CAR:
Page 367 and 368: appendix cAcronyms and InitialismsA
Page 370: appendix dModal Profiles
Page 373 and 374: Air Carrier Profile continuedPerfor
Page 375 and 376: Air Carrier Profile continuedPerfor
Page 377 and 378: Highway ProfileFINANCIAL 1960 1970
Page 379 and 380: General Aviation ProfileINVENTORY 1
Page 381 and 382: Motorcycle f f f f 50 50 50 50 50 5
Page 383 and 384: KEY: R = revised; U = data are unav
Page 385 and 386: Transit ProfileFINANCIAL 1960 1970
Page 387 and 388: 161960-2006: Fatalities and Injured
Page 389 and 390: SAFETY d,9Number of fatalities, rai
Page 391 and 392: SAFETYFatalities in waterborne tran
Page 393 and 394: Natural Gas Pipeline ProfileFINANCI
Page 395: appendix eSource andAccuracy Statem
Page 398 and 399: agencies receiving funds through th
Page 402 and 403: Passenger Car, Truck, Bus, and Recr
Page 404 and 405: Highway, Total (registered vehicles
Page 406 and 407: after 1996. Some jurisdictions fail
Page 408 and 409: adherence to federal guidelines reg
Page 410 and 411: year. Also, expansion factors are u
Page 412 and 413: PassengerAir CarrierThe U.S. Depart
Page 414 and 415: The data are from Waterborne Commer
Page 416 and 417: The Transborder Surface Freight Dat
Page 418 and 419: A second data source for air-carrie
Page 420 and 421: Appendix EData Source and Accuracy
Page 422 and 423: when data are entered, they are che
Page 424 and 425: vehicles, and 15 were deleted becau
Page 426 and 427: TABLE 2-4. Distribution of Transpor
Page 428 and 429: BEA personal consumption expenditur
Page 430 and 431: Transportation-related government p
Page 432 and 433: information on their data collectio
Page 434 and 435: AccuracyAs in all surveys, the accu
Page 436 and 437: The American Public Transit Associa
Page 438 and 439: Government EmploymentThe Office of
Page 440 and 441: specifications or equations, should
Page 442 and 443: As mentioned above, the Highway Rev
Page 444 and 445: Highway ExpendituresFederal Highway
Page 446 and 447: consistency between the different m
Page 448 and 449: Appendix EData Source and Accuracy
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when data are entered, they are che
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vehicles, and 15 were deleted becau
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TABLE 2-4. Distribution of Transpor
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agencies receiving funds through th
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solicitations of all federally regu
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Passenger Car, Truck, Bus, and Recr
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Highway, Total (registered vehicles
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after 1996. Some jurisdictions fail
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adherence to federal guidelines reg
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year. Also, expansion factors are u
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PassengerAir CarrierThe U.S. Depart
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The data are from Waterborne Commer
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The Transborder Surface Freight Dat
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A second data source for air-carrie
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Appendix EData Source and Accuracy
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If transportation had been reviewed
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Alternative FuelsIn addition to oxy
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RailThe data are from Railroad Fact
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multiplied by the average peak peri
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In general, lead emissions are esti
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The number of the people exposed to
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Appendix EData Source and Accuracy
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If transportation had been reviewed
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Alternative FuelsIn addition to oxy
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RailThe data are from Railroad Fact
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multiplied by the average peak peri
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In general, lead emissions are esti
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The number of the people exposed to
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Acknowledgments US Department of Transportation - BTS

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