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Table 4-21: Energy Intensity of Certificated Air Carriers, All Services a1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 (R) 1996 (R) 1997 (R) 1998 (R) 1999 (R) 2000 (R) 2001 (R) 2002 (R) 2003 (R) 2004 (R) 2005 (R) 2006 (R) 2007 (R) 2008 (R) 2009 (R) 2010Aircraft-miles (millions)Domestic operations 858 1,134 2,068 1,638 2,276 3,026 3,963 3,854 3,995 4,156 4,378 4,628 4,807 4,907 5,030 5,326 5,662 5,545 5,613 6,106 6,602 6,716 6,606 6,733 6,446 5,935 5,976International operations 182 284 475 334 334 415 760 807 904 958 975 998 1,043 1,114 1,186 1,225 1,282 1,264 1,222 1,261 1,403 1,536 1,615 1,682 1,696 1,599 1,690Available seat-miles (millions)Domestic operations 52,220 94,787 213,160 215,275 326,734 452,756 570,558 551,562 567,040 582,122 598,150 616,459 639,013 652,026 661,616 698,866 726,291 704,801 687,226 697,012 750,902 758,665 746,002 763,581 734,241 683,441 689,911International operations 13,347 29,533 51,960 64,138 84,514 110,578 182,652 186,468 205,829 211,831 211,109 215,623 220,708 228,689 237,413 242,981 254,048 245,718 227,291 225,396 249,123 270,588 281,551 296,535 306,599 291,866 302,013Passenger-miles (millions)Domestic operations 30,557 51,887 104,147 119,591 190,766 275,864 345,873 338,085 354,764 362,227 388,410 403,912 434,652 450,673 462,754 487,940 515,598 486,506 483,525 505,602 558,194 583,771 588,471 607,564 583,292 551,741 564,695International operations 8,306 16,789 27,563 34,864 53,932 73,237 126,363 125,211 138,950 143,766 149,108 154,882 161,512 169,356 172,179 180,269 192,798 178,343 172,086 168,535 194,071 211,325 221,648 234,462 240,491 228,256 244,371Fuel consumed (million gallons)Domestic operations 1,954 3,889 7,857 7,558 8,519 10,115 12,212 11,360 11,598 11,960 12,501 12,812 13,187 13,658 13,303 14,491 14,865 13,868 12,922 13,082 14,091 13,976 13,694 13,682 12,686 11,339 11,256International operations 566 1,280 2,243 1,949 1,747 2,488 3,938 3,888 4,079 4,112 4,325 4,511 4,658 4,962 4,915 5,277 5,508 5,336 5,079 5,219 5,592 5,975 6,018 6,205 6,187 5,721 6,028Seats per aircraftDomestic operations 60.9 83.6 103.1 131.5 143.6 149.6 144.0 143.1 141.9 140.1 136.6 133.2 132.9 132.9 131.5 131.2 128.3 127.1 122.4 114.2 113.7 113.0 112.9 113.4 113.9 115.1 115.5International operations 73.3 104.0 109.4 192.1 252.7 266.2 240.2 231.2 227.6 221.1 216.4 216.1 211.5 205.3 200.1 198.3 198.2 194.5 186.0 178.7 177.6 176.2 174.3 176.3 180.7 182.5 178.7Seat-miles per gallonDomestic operations 26.7 24.4 27.1 28.5 38.4 44.8 46.7 48.6 48.9 48.7 47.8 48.1 48.5 47.7 49.7 48.2 48.9 50.8 53.2 53.3 53.3 54.3 54.5 55.8 57.9 60.3 61.3International operations 23.6 23.1 23.2 32.9 48.4 44.4 46.4 48.0 50.5 51.5 48.8 47.8 47.4 46.1 48.3 46.0 46.1 46.1 44.8 43.2 44.5 45.3 46.8 47.8 49.6 51.0 50.1Energy intensity (Btu/passenger-mile)Domestic operations 8,633 10,118 10,185 8,532 6,029 4,950 4,767 4,536 4,413 4,457 4,345 4,282 4,096 4,091 3,881 4,009 3,892 3,848 3,608 3,493 3,408 3,232 3,142 3,040 2,936 2,774 2,691International operations 9,199 10,292 10,986 7,547 4,374 4,586 4,207 4,192 3,963 3,861 3,916 3,932 3,893 3,955 3,854 3,952 3,857 4,039 3,984 4,180 3,890 3,817 3,665 3,572 3,473 3,384 3,330Load factor (percent)Domestic operations 58.5 54.7 48.9 55.6 58.4 60.9 60.6 61.3 62.6 62.2 64.9 65.5 68.0 69.1 69.9 69.8 71.0 69.0 70.4 72.5 74.3 76.9 78.9 79.6 79.4 80.7 81.9International operations 62.2 56.8 53.0 54.4 63.8 66.2 69.2 67.1 67.5 67.9 70.6 71.8 73.2 74.1 72.5 74.2 75.9 72.6 75.7 74.8 77.9 78.1 78.7 79.1 78.4 78.2 80.9KEY: Btu = British thermal unit; R = revised.aU.S. owned carriers only. Operations of foreign-owned carriers in or out of the United States not included.NOTESAircraft-miles include all four large certificated air-carrier groups (majors, nationals, large regionals, and medium regionals), scheduled and charter, passenger, and all-cargo. Fuel consumed includes majors, nationals, and large regionals,scheduled and charter, passenger, and all-cargo.Passenger-miles include all four large certificated air-carrier groups, scheduled and charter, passenger service only.International operations include operations outside the United States, including those between the United States and foreign countries and the United States and its territories or possessions.Load factor: Ratio of Passenger-miles to Available seat-miles.Heat equivalent factor used for Btu conversion is 135,000 Btu/gallon.SOURCESAircraft-miles, available seat-miles, and passenger-miles:1960-70: Air Transport Association, available at http://www.air-transport.org/ as of July 31, 2002.1975-2011: U.S. Department of Transportation, Research and Innovative Technology Administration, Bureau of Transportation Statistics, T1: U.S. Air Carrier Traffic and Capacity Summary by Service Class , available athttp://www.transtats.bts.gov/Fields.asp?Table_ID=264 as of July 23, 2012.Fuel consumed:U.S. Department of Transportation, Research and Innovative Technology Administration, Bureau of Transportation Statistics, Office of Airline Information, Airline Fuel Cost and Consumption , available at http://www.transtats.bts.gov/fuel.asp as ofJuly 23, 2012.Seats per aircraft, seat-miles per gallon, energy intensiveness and load factor:Derived by calculation.
Table 4-22: Energy Intensity of Light Duty Vehicles and Motorcycles1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008Vehicle-miles (millions)Light duty vehicle, short wheel base a,b 587,000 723,000 917,000 1,034,000 1,112,000 1,247,000 1,408,000 1,358,000 1,372,000 1,375,000 1,406,000 1,438,000 1,470,000 1,503,000 1,550,000 1,569,000 1,600,287 1,627,365 1,658,474 1,671,967 1,699,890 1,708,421 1,690,534 2,104,416 2,024,757Light duty vehicle, long wheel base b N N 123,000 201,000 291,000 391,000 575,000 649,000 707,000 746,000 765,000 790,000 817,000 851,000 868,000 901,000 923,059 942,614 966,034 984,020 1,027,164 1,041,051 1,082,490 586,618 605,456Motorcycle a U U 3,000 5,600 10,200 9,100 9,600 9,200 9,600 9,900 10,200 9,800 9,900 10,100 10,300 10,600 10,469 9,633 9,552 9,576 10,122 10,454 12,049 21,396 20,811Passenger-miles (millions)Light duty vehicle, short wheel base a,b 1,145,000 1,395,000 1,751,000 1,954,000 2,012,000 2,094,000 2,282,000 2,200,000 2,208,000 2,213,000 2,250,000 2,287,000 2,337,000 2,389,000 2,464,000 2,495,000 2,544,457 2,556,481 2,620,389 2,641,885 2,685,827 2,699,305 2,671,044 3,324,977 3,199,116Light duty vehicle, long wheel base b N N 226,000 363,000 521,000 688,000 1,000,000 1,117,000 1,202,000 1,253,000 1,269,000 1,256,000 1,298,000 1,353,000 1,381,000 1,433,000 1,467,664 1,678,853 1,674,792 1,706,103 1,780,771 1,804,848 1,876,690 1,017,007 1,049,667Motorcycle a U U 3,000 6,000 12,000 12,000 12,000 12,000 12,000 12,000 12,000 11,000 11,000 11,000 11,000 12,000 11,516 11,760 12,131 12,163 12,855 13,277 15,303 27,173 26,430Average occupancy rateLight duty vehicle, short wheel base a,b 1.95 1.93 1.91 1.89 1.81 1.68 1.62 1.62 1.61 1.61 1.60 1.59 1.59 1.59 1.59 1.59 1.59 1.57 1.58 1.58 1.58 1.58 1.58 1.58 1.58Light duty vehicle, long wheel base b N N 1.84 1.81 1.79 1.76 1.74 1.72 1.70 1.68 1.66 1.59 1.59 1.59 1.59 1.59 1.59 1.78 1.73 1.73 1.73 1.73 1.73 1.73 1.73Motorcycle a U U 1.00 1.07 1.18 1.32 1.25 1.30 1.25 1.21 1.18 1.12 1.11 1.09 1.07 1.13 1.10 1.22 1.27 1.27 1.27 1.27 1.27 1.27 1.27Fuel consumed (million gallons)Light duty vehicle, short wheel base a,b 41,171 49,723 67,819 74,140 69,982 71,518 69,568 64,317 65,436 67,048 67,874 68,072 69,221 69,892 71,695 73,283 73,065 73,559 75,471 75,455 75,402 77,418 75,009 89,577 85,589Light duty vehicle, long wheel base b N N 12,313 19,081 23,796 27,363 35,611 38,217 40,929 42,851 44,112 45,605 47,354 49,388 50,462 52,859 52,939 53,522 55,220 60,758 63,417 58,869 60,685 36,910 34,925Motorcycle a U U 60 113 204 182 191 184 191 198 205 196 198 202 206 212 209 193 191 192 202 189 221 475 489Energy intensity (Btu/passenger-mile) bLight duty vehicle, short wheel base a,b 4,495 4,455 4,841 4,743 4,348 4,269 3,811 3,654 3,704 3,787 3,771 3,721 3,702 3,657 3,637 3,671 3,589 3,597 3,600 3,570 3,509 3,585 3,510 3,368 3,344Light duty vehicle, long wheel base b N N 6,810 6,571 5,709 4,971 4,451 4,277 4,256 4,275 4,345 4,539 4,560 4,563 4,568 4,611 4,509 3,985 4,121 4,452 4,452 4,077 4,042 4,537 4,159Motorcycle a U U 2,500 2,354 2,125 1,896 1,990 1,917 1,990 2,063 2,135 2,227 2,250 2,295 2,341 2,205 2,273 2,049 1,969 1,969 1,969 1,784 1,805 2,185 2,315KEY: Btu = British thermal unit; N = data do not exist; R = revised; U = data are unavailable.aMotorcycle was included in Light duty vehicle, short wheel base (previously Passenger car ) in 1960 and 1965.b 1960-99 data are for Passenger car and Other 2-axle, 4-tire vehicles , respectively. The data from 1960-2006 are not comparable to the data from 2007-09.c Energy Intensity (Btu/passenger-mile) is calculated by converting the fuel consumption in gallons to the energy equivalent Btu units and dividing by the passenger-miles. The heat equivalent factor used for Btu conversion is 125,000Btus/gallon.NOTESData for 2007-10 were calculated using a new methodology developed by FHWA. Data for these years are based on new categories and are not comparable to previous years. The new category Light duty vehicle, short wheel baseincludes passenger cars, light trucks, vans and sport utility vehicles with a wheelbase (WB) equal to or less than 121 inches. The new category Light duty vehicle, long wheel base includes large passenger cars, vans, pickup trucks, andsport/utility vehicles with wheelbases (WB) larger than 121 inches.In 1995, the U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration revised its vehicle type categories for 1993 and later data. These new categories include passenger car, other 2-axle 4-tire vehicle, single-unit 2-axle 6-tire ormore truck, and combination truck. Other 2-axle 4-tire vehicle includes vans, pickup trucks, and sport utility vehicles. In previous years, some minivans and sport utility vehicles were included in the passenger car category. Single-unit 2-axle 6-tire or more trucks are on a single frame with at least 2 axles and 6 tires. Pre-1993 data have been reassigned to the closest available category.For 1970-94, the unrevised motorcycle fuel consumed is subtracted from the combined passenger car and motorcycle fuel consumed from VM-201A.Vehicle-miles and Passenger-miles data for 1960 through 1999 have been rounded to the nearest billion miles.SOURCESVehicle-miles:Passenger car:1960-94: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Highway Statistics Summary to 1995, table VM-201A, available at http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policyinformation/statistics.cfm as of Oct. 6, 2011.1995-2006: Ibid., Highway Statistics (Washington, DC: Annual Issues), table VM-1, available at http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policyinformation/statistics.cfm as of Oct. 6, 2011.Light duty vehicle, short wheel base:2007-2010: Ibid., Highway Statistics (Washington, DC: Annual Issues), table VM-1, available at http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policyinformation/statistics.cfm as of Mar. 14, 2012.Other 2-axle 4-tire vehicle:1970-94: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Highway Statistics Summary to 1995, table VM-201A, available at http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policyinformation/statistics.cfm as of Oct. 6, 2011.1995-2006: Ibid., Highway Statistics (Washington, DC: Annual Issues), table VM-1, available at http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policyinformation/statistics.cfm as of Oct. 6, 2011.Light duty vehicle, long wheel base:2007-2010: Ibid., Highway Statistics (Washington, DC: Annual Issues), table VM-1, available at http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policyinformation/statistics.cfm as of Mar. 14, 2012.Motorcycle:1970-94: Ibid., Highway Statistics, Summary to 1985 (Washington, DC: 1986), table VM-201A.For 1970-94, the unrevised motorcycle vehicle-miles are subtracted from the combined passenger car and motorcycle vehicle-miles from VM-201A.1995-2010: Ibid., Highway Statistics (Washington, DC: Annual Issues), table VM-1, available at http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policyinformation/statistics.cfm as of Mar. 14, 2012.Passenger-miles:1960-97: Vehicle-miles multiplied by vehicle occupancy rates.1998-2010: Ibid., Highway Statistics (Washington, DC: Annual Issues), table VM-1, available at http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policyinformation/statistics.cfm as of Mar. 14, 2012.Fuel consumed:1960-94: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Highway Statistics Summary to 1995, FHWA-PL-97-009 (Washington, DC: July 1997), table VM-201A.1995-2010: Ibid., Highway Statistics (Washington, DC: Annual Issues), table VM-1, available at http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policyinformation/statistics.cfm as of Mar. 14, 2012.
Page 1:
NationalTransportationStatistics
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AcknowledgmentsU.S. Department of T
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Table of ContentsINTRODUCTIONTable
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1-56 U.S. Waterborne Freight (Updat
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SECTION E. RAILROAD2-39 Railroad an
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3-35 Transportation Expenditures by
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4-51 Air Pollution Trends in Select
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IntroductionCompiled and published
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SOURCESU.S. resident population, ag
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Table 1-1: System Mileage Within th
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Table 1-3: Number of U.S. Airports
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Table 1-5: U.S. Public Road and Str
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Table 1-7: Number of Stations Serve
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Table 1-9: ADA-Accessible Rail Tran
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Section BVehicle, Aircraft, andVess
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Table 1-12: U.S. Sales or Deliverie
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Table 1-14: U.S. Automobile and Tru
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Table 1-16: Retail a New Passenger
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Table 1-18: Retail Sales of New Car
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Table 1-20: Period Sales, Market Sh
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Table 1-22: Number of Trucks by Wei
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Taiwan U U U 116 132 124 101 113 11
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Section CCondition
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Table 1-26: Average Age of Automobi
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Table 1-28: Condition of U.S. Highw
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Table 1-30: Condition of Urban Bus
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Table 1-32: Class I Railroad Locomo
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Table 1-34: U.S. Flag Vessels by Ty
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Table 1-36: Roadway Vehicle-Miles T
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Table 1-38: Average Length of Haul,
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Table 1-40: U.S. Passenger-Miles (M
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Table 1-42: Long-Distance Travel in
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Table 1-43: Long-Distance Travel in
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Table 1-45: Air Passenger Travel Ar
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Section DTravel and GoodsMovement
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Table 1-48: U.S.-Mexican Border Lan
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Table 1-50: U.S. Ton-Miles of Freig
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Table 1-52: U.S.-Canadian Border La
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Table 1-54: U.S.-Mexican Border Lan
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Table 1-56: U.S. Waterborne Freight
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Table 1-58: Freight Activity in the
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Table 1-60: Value of U.S. Land Expo
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Table 1-61M: Crude Oil and Petroleu
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Table 1-63: U.S. Hazardous Material
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Table 1-64: Passengers Boarded and
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Table 1-66: Flight Operations Arriv
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Table 1-68: Major U.S. Air Carrier
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Table 1-69: Annual Person-Hours of
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Table 1-70: Travel Time IndexShort-
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Table 1-71: Annual Roadway Congesti
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Table 1-73: Amtrak On-Time Performa
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Table 2-1: Transportation Fatalitie
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Table 2-3: Transportation Accidents
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Table 2-5: Highway-Rail Grade-Cross
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Table 2-7: Transportation-Related O
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Section BAir
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Table 2-10: U.S. Commuter Air Carri
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Table 2-12: U.S. Commuter Air Carri
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Table 2-14: U.S. General Aviation a
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Table 2-16b: Prohibited Items Inter
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Section CHighway
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Table 2-18: Motor Vehicle Fatalitie
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Table 2-20: Occupant and Nonmotoris
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Table 2-22: Motorcycle Rider Safety
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Table 2-24: Bus Occupant Safety Dat
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Table 2-26: Fatalities by Highest B
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Table 2-28: Motor Vehicle Fatal Cra
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Table 2-30: Safety Belt and Motorcy
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Section DTransit
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Table 2-33: Transit Safety Data by
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d The number of Unlinked passenger
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Table 2-36: Transit and Grade-Cross
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Table 2-38: Reports of Violent Crim
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KEY: N = data do not exist.a The ki
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Table 2-39: Railroad and Grade-Cros
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Table 2-41: Train Fatalities, Injur
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Table 2-43: Railroad System Safety
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Section FWater
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Table 2-46: Waterborne Transportati
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Table 2-48: Personal Watercraft Saf
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Section GPipeline
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Chapter 3Transportation andthe Econ
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Table 3-2: U.S. Gross Domestic Prod
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Table 3-4: U.S. Gross Domestic Prod
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Table 3-6: U.S. Gross Domestic Dema
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Table 3-8: Contributions to Gross D
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Table 3-10: National Transportation
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Table 3-11: Sales Price of Transpor
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Table 3-13: Producer Price Indices
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Table 3-15: Personal Expenditures b
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Table 3-17: Average Cost of Owning
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Table 3-19: Average Passenger Fares
Page 216 and 217: Table 3-20: Average Passenger Reven
Page 218 and 219: Table 3-22: Total Operating Revenue
Page 220 and 221: Table 3-24: Employment in Transport
Page 222 and 223: Table 3-26: Median Weekly Earnings
Page 224: Table 3-28: Labor Productivity Indi
Page 228 and 229: Table 3-29: Federal, State, and Loc
Page 230 and 231: Table 3-31: Summary of Transportati
Page 232 and 233: Table 3-33: Transportation Revenues
Page 234 and 235: Table 3-35: Transportation Expendit
Page 236 and 237: Table 3-37: Federal Transportation
Page 239: Chapter 4Transportation, Energy,and
Page 242 and 243: Table 4-2: U.S. Consumption of Ener
Page 245: Section BTransportation EnergyConsu
Page 248 and 249: Table 4-5: Fuel Consumption by Mode
Page 250 and 251: Table 4-7: Domestic Demand for Gaso
Page 252 and 253: Table 4-9: Motor Vehicle Fuel Consu
Page 254 and 255: Table 4-11: Light Duty Vehicle, Sho
Page 256 and 257: Table 4-13: Single-Unit 2-Axle 6-Ti
Page 258 and 259: Table 4-15: Bus Fuel Consumption an
Page 260 and 261: Table 4-17: Class I Rail Freight Fu
Page 262 and 263: Table 4-19: U.S. Government Energy
Page 265: Table 4-20: Energy Intensity of Pas
Page 269 and 270: Table 4-24: Energy Intensity of Tra
Page 271 and 272: Table 4-26: Energy Intensity of Amt
Page 273 and 274: Table 4-28: Annual Wasted Fuel Due
Page 275 and 276: Table 4-29: Annual Wasted Fuel Per
Page 278: Section DAir Pollution
Page 281 and 282: Table 4-31: Federal Exhaust Emissio
Page 283 and 284: 1968-Table 4-33: Federal Exhaust Em
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Page 291 and 292: KEY: CO = carbon monoxide; g = gram
Page 293 and 294: KEY: bhp = brake horsepower; bhph =
Page 295 and 296: Table 4-42: Tier 2 Federal Exhaust
Page 297 and 298: Table 4-44: Estimated National Aver
Page 299 and 300: Table 4-46: Estimated National Emis
Page 305 and 306: Monmouth-Ocean, NJ 5 21 4 41 34 31
Page 307 and 308: Table 4-52: Areas in Nonattainment
Page 310: Section EWater Pollution, Noise,and
Page 313 and 314: Table 4-55: Leaking Underground Sto
Page 315 and 316: Table 4-57: Number of People Residi
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appendix aMetric ConversionTables
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Table 1-4M: Kilometers of Public Ro
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Table 1-35M: U.S. Vehicle-Kilometer
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Table 1-38M: Average Length of Haul
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a Includes freight, express, and ma
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Table 1-56M: U.S. Waterborne Freigh
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Table 4-3M: Domestic Demand for Ref
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Table 4-6M: Energy Consumption by M
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Table 4-8M: Certificated Air Carrie
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Table 4-11M: Light Duty Vehicle, Sh
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Table 4-13M: Single-Unit 2-Axle 6-T
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Table 4-15M: Bus Fuel Consumption a
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Table 4-17M: Class I Rail Freight F
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Table 4-19M: U.S. Government Energy
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Table 4-21M: Energy Intensity of Ce
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Table 4-23M: Average Fuel Efficienc
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Table 4-25M: Energy Intensity of Cl
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Appendix B: GlossaryAIR CARRIER: A
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Appendix B: GlossaryCOLLISION WITH
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Appendix B: GlossaryFEDERAL ENERGY
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Appendix B: GlossaryINJURY (Rail):
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Appendix B: GlossaryMOTOR BUS (Tran
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Appendix B: GlossaryPERSONAL BUSINE
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Appendix B: GlossarySUBCOMPACT CAR:
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appendix cAcronyms and InitialismsA
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appendix dModal Profiles
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Air Carrier Profile continuedPerfor
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Air Carrier Profile continuedPerfor
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Highway ProfileFINANCIAL 1960 1970
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General Aviation ProfileINVENTORY 1
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Motorcycle f f f f 50 50 50 50 50 5
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KEY: R = revised; U = data are unav
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Transit ProfileFINANCIAL 1960 1970
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161960-2006: Fatalities and Injured
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SAFETY d,9Number of fatalities, rai
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SAFETYFatalities in waterborne tran
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Natural Gas Pipeline ProfileFINANCI
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appendix eSource andAccuracy Statem
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agencies receiving funds through th
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solicitations of all federally regu
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Passenger Car, Truck, Bus, and Recr
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Highway, Total (registered vehicles
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after 1996. Some jurisdictions fail
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adherence to federal guidelines reg
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year. Also, expansion factors are u
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PassengerAir CarrierThe U.S. Depart
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The data are from Waterborne Commer
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The Transborder Surface Freight Dat
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A second data source for air-carrie
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Appendix EData Source and Accuracy
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when data are entered, they are che
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vehicles, and 15 were deleted becau
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TABLE 2-4. Distribution of Transpor
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BEA personal consumption expenditur
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Transportation-related government p
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information on their data collectio
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AccuracyAs in all surveys, the accu
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The American Public Transit Associa
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Government EmploymentThe Office of
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specifications or equations, should
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As mentioned above, the Highway Rev
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Highway ExpendituresFederal Highway
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consistency between the different m
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when data are entered, they are che
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vehicles, and 15 were deleted becau
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TABLE 2-4. Distribution of Transpor
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agencies receiving funds through th
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solicitations of all federally regu
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Passenger Car, Truck, Bus, and Recr
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Highway, Total (registered vehicles
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after 1996. Some jurisdictions fail
Page 466 and 467:
adherence to federal guidelines reg
Page 468 and 469:
year. Also, expansion factors are u
Page 470 and 471:
PassengerAir CarrierThe U.S. Depart
Page 472 and 473:
The data are from Waterborne Commer
Page 474 and 475:
The Transborder Surface Freight Dat
Page 476 and 477:
A second data source for air-carrie
Page 478 and 479:
Page 480 and 481:
If transportation had been reviewed
Page 482 and 483:
Alternative FuelsIn addition to oxy
Page 484 and 485:
RailThe data are from Railroad Fact
Page 486 and 487:
multiplied by the average peak peri
Page 488 and 489:
In general, lead emissions are esti
Page 490 and 491:
The number of the people exposed to
Page 492 and 493:
Page 494 and 495:
If transportation had been reviewed
Page 496 and 497:
Alternative FuelsIn addition to oxy
Page 498 and 499:
RailThe data are from Railroad Fact
Page 500 and 501:
multiplied by the average peak peri
Page 502 and 503:
In general, lead emissions are esti
Page 504 and 505:
The number of the people exposed to
show all

Acknowledgments US Department of Transportation - BTS

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